Kahle kahle ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagents e-flotation: thuthukisa ukunemba kokutholwa kokwakheka kwamaminerali

Emikhakheni yokucubungula amaminerali kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-geological, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwama -reagent e-Flotation kubalulekile ekutholeni ngokunembile ukwakheka kwamaminerali. I-Flotation inqubo ye-physicochemical esetshenziswa kabanzi yokuhlukaniswa nokucebisa amaminerali, kuncike ekuhlukeni kwezakhiwo ze-physicochemical zezindawo zamaminerali. Ngokufaka ama-reagent, i-hydrophilicity noma i-hydrophobicity yezindawo zamaminerali ingalungiswa, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali aqondiwe kusuka ku-gangue.

Lesi sihloko sizokwethula uchungechunge lwamathiphu okusebenza awusizo ukusiza ochwepheshe baselabhorethri nonjiniyela bezimayini bathuthukise inqubo yokuntanta, bathuthukise ukunemba nokuphindaphindwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Okokuqala, ake siqale ngezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zama-reagent okuntanta— Abaqoqi , Ama-Frother , kanye nama-Modifier . I-reagent ngayinye idlala indima ehlukile enqubweni yokuntanta. Abaqoqi bathuthukisa ukungathandi amanzi kwamaminerali, bakhuthaza ukunamathela kwawo kuma-bubble omoya; ama-frother asiza ekuqiniseni ungqimba lwe-foam, okuvumela amaminerali acebile ukuthi ahlukaniswe kalula ne-slurry; ama-modifiers asetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH noma amandla e-ionic e-slurry, okudala izimo ezifanele zokuntanta kwamaminerali.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-reagent okuntanta nakho kuyakhula. Ukukhethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwala ma-reagent akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyiselwa kwamaminerali kanye namazinga kodwa futhi kungilethela izinzuzo ezibalulekile maqondana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko.

Ungawasebenzisa Kanjani Ama-Flotation Reagents Kahle?

Izinhlobo zama-reagents

Izinhlobo zama-reagents asetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezintantayo zincike ezintweni ezifana nezakhiwo ze-ore, ukugeleza kwenqubo, kanye nenani lemikhiqizo yamaminerali efiselekayo. Ngokuvamile, zinqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwe-ore selectivity noma ukuhlolwa kwe-semi-industrial.

Ama-reagents angahlukaniswa ngobubanzi abe yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yawo:

1. Ama-Frothers: Ama-surfactant emvelo asakazeka endaweni yokuhlangana kwamanzi nomoya. Asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ungqimba lwegwebu olungantanta amaminerali. Ama-frother avamile afaka uwoyela wephayini, i-cresylic acid, kanye nama-alcohols.

2. Abaqoqi: Umsebenzi wabo ukubamba amaminerali aqondiwe, ukushintsha ukungangeni kwamanzi kwezindawo zamaminerali ukuze kuvunyelwe izinhlayiya zamaminerali ezintantayo ukuthi zinamathele kuma-bubble omoya. Ngokusekelwe emvelweni wazo, abaqoqi bangahlukaniswa babe ngabaqoqi abangewona ama-polar, abaqoqi be-anionic, kanye nabaqoqi be-cationic. Abaqoqi abavame ukusetshenziswa bahlanganisa umuthi omnyama, umuthi ophuzi, umuthi omhlophe, ama-fatty acid, ama-fatty amine, kanye namafutha amaminerali.

3. Iziguquli: Iziguquli zifaka phakathi iziqalisi kanye nezithibi, ezishintsha izakhiwo zezindawo zamaminerali, zithonya ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaminerali kanye nabaqoqi. Iziguquli zifaka phakathi ama-ejenti asetshenziswa ukushintsha izakhiwo zamakhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical ze-aqueous medium, njengezilungisi ze-pH kanye nesimo sabaqoqi. Izinhlobo zeziguquli zifaka:

• Izilungisi ze-pH: I-Lime, i-sodium carbonate, i-sulfuric acid, i-sulfur dioxide.

• Izinto ezivuselelayo: i-Copper sulfate, i-sodium sulfide.

• Izithibi: I-Lime, usawoti wegazi ophuzi, i-sodium sulfide, i-sulfur dioxide, i-sodium cyanide, i-zinc sulfate, i-potassium dichromate, ingilazi yamanzi, i-tannin, ama-colloid anyibilikayo, isitashi, ama-polymer okwenziwa, njll.

• Ezinye: Izinto zokumanzisa, izinto zokuntanta, izinto zokuncibilikisa, njll.

Isilinganiso se-reagent

Umthamo wama-reagents ngesikhathi sokuntanta kufanele ucace; amanani anganele noma eqile angathinta izinkomba zokucubungula amaminerali. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kungase kwenyuse izindleko zokucubungula.

Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwesilinganiso Sereagent Nezinkomba Zokuntanta:

• Umthamo onganele wokuqoqa ungaholela ekungabini nomswakama kahle kwamaminerali, kunciphise amazinga okubuyisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanani amaningi angase ehlise ikhwalithi yokugxila futhi enze kube nzima ukugeleza kokuhlukanisa.

• Umthamo onganele we-frother ungaholela ekuqineni kwe-foam okungekuhle, kuyilapho inani eliningi kakhulu lingabangela izimo "zokuchichima".

• Umthamo omncane kakhulu we-activator ungaholela ekusebenzeni kabi, kuyilapho omningi kakhulu ungaphazamisa ukukhetha kwenqubo yokuntanta.

• Umthamo onganele wokuvimbela unganciphisa izinga lokugxila, kuyilapho inani eliningi kakhulu lingacindezela amaminerali okufanele antante, okunciphisa amazinga okululama.

Ukulungiselela Reagent

Ama-reagents aqinile ahlanjululwa abe uketshezi ukuze kube lula ukwengeza. Ama-reagents angancibiliki emanzini njengomuthi ophuzi, umuthi omnyama we-amine, ingilazi yamanzi, i-sodium carbonate, i-copper sulfate, ne-sodium sulfide kufanele ilungiswe njengezixazululo ezinamanzi ezinokugxila kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-10%. Ama-reagents angancibiliki emanzini adinga ukuncibilika ku-solvent ngaphambi kokulungiswa njengesixazululo samanzi sokwengezwa, njengabanye abaqoqi be-amine abangafakwa ngokuqondile, njengamafutha we-No. 2, No. 31 umuthi omnyama, ne-oleic acid. Kuma-reagents ancibilika kakhulu adinga amanani abalulekile, ukugxila kokulungiselela kuvame ukusuka ku-10% kuya ku-20%, njenge-sodium sulfide, elungiswa ku-15% ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Kuma-reagents angancibiliki kahle, izinyibilikisi zemvelo zingasetshenziswa ukuze ziwancibilikise ngaphambi kokuwalungiselela njengezixazululo zokugxila kancane.

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokulungiselela i-Reagent kuncike kakhulu ezimpahleni zama-reagent, indlela yokwengeza, kanye nemisebenzi yawo. I-reagent efanayo ingaba nomehluko omkhulu kumthamo kanye nemiphumela ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukene zokulungiselela. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokulungiselela ezivamile zifaka:

1. Ukulungiselela isixazululo samanzi esingu-2% kuya ku-10%: Ama-reagent amaningi ancibilika emanzini alungiswa ngale ndlela (isb., umuthi ophuzi, i-copper sulfate, ingilazi yamanzi).

2. Ukuncibilika ku-solvent: Amanye ama-reagent angancibiliki emanzini angancibilika ku-solvents ekhethekile. Isibonelo, umuthi omhlophe awuncibiliki emanzini kodwa ungancibilika ku-10% kuya ku-20% aniline solution, futhi kumele usetshenziswe ngemuva kokulungiselela isixazululo esixubile se-aniline. Ngokufanayo, umuthi omnyama we-aniline awuncibiliki emanzini kodwa ungancibilika ku-sodium hydroxide alkaline solution, ngakho-ke isixazululo se-alkaline sodium hydroxide kumele silungiswe kuqala ngaphambi kokufaka i-reagent ukudala isixazululo somuthi omnyama we-aniline sokuntanta.

3. Ukulungiselela njengokumiswa noma i-emulsion: Kwamanye ama-reagent aqinile angancibiliki kahle, angalungiswa njenge-emulsion ukuze asetshenziswe. Isibonelo, i-lime inokuncibilika okuncane kakhulu emanzini, ngakho-ke ingagaywa kahle ibe yimpuphu bese ixutshwa namanzi ukuze kudalwe ukumiswa okufana nobisi (isb., ubisi lwe-lime), noma ingafakwa ngqo ngesimo sempuphu eyomile emshinini wokugaya noma ethangini lokuxuba.

4. I-Saponification: Kwabaqoqi bama-fatty acid, i-saponification iyindlela evame kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho kukhethwa i-hematite, insipho efakwe i-saponified ye-paraffin namafutha e-tar isetshenziswa njengesiqoqi. Ukuze kufakwe i-saponification kumafutha e-tar, kufanele kufakwe cishe i-10% ye-sodium carbonate lapho kulungiswa i-reagent, bese kushiswa ukuze kudalwe isisombululo sensipho esishisayo sokwengeza.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa: Ukuhlanganiswa kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ultrasonic noma ukuxuba ngomshini. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, ama-fatty acid kanye nedizili kungathuthukisa ukusabalala kwawo e-slurry, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwama-reagents. Ukwengeza amanye ama-emulsifying agents kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

6. Ukuqina kwe-asidi: Uma usebenzisa iziqoqi ze-cationic, ngenxa yokungancibiliki kahle kwazo, kumele ziphathwe kusengaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid noma i-acetic acid ngaphambi kokuba zincibilike emanzini ukuze zintante.

7. Indlela ye-Aerosol: Lena indlela entsha yokulungiselela ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-reagent. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokufafaza ukuze kufakwe ama-reagent endaweni yomoya ngaphambi kokuwafaka ngqo ethangini lokuntanta, yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi "indlela ye-aerosol flotation." Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuntanta kwamaminerali awusizo kodwa futhi inciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent. Isibonelo, umthamo wabaqoqi ungaba ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwengxenye yesine yenani elivamile, kuyilapho umthamo we-frother ungaba ingxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu kuphela.

8. Ukwelashwa kwama-reagent nge-electrochemical: Ugesi oqondile udlula ngesisombululo sokwelapha ama-reagent e-flotation ngamakhemikhali, okungashintsha isimo se-reagent, inani le-pH, kanye nekhono le-redox, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukuhlushwa kwezingxenye ze-reagent ezisebenzayo kakhulu, kukhuliswe ukuhlushwa okubalulekile kokwakha ama-colloid, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusabalala kwama-reagent angancibiliki kahle emanzini.

Ngokuvamile, abaqoqi kanye nama-frothers bayashukunyiswa imizuzu engu-1-2, kuyilapho amanye ama-reagents, njenge-potassium dichromate esetshenziselwa ukucindezela umthofu ekuhlukaniseni komthofu wethusi, angadinga ukugqugquzelwa isikhathi eside.

Indawo Yokwengeza I-Reagent

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-reagents e-flotation, umkhuba ojwayelekile ukwengeza ama-ejenti alungisayo, ama-inhibitors, kanye nabaqoqi abathile (isb., uphalafini) kumshini wokugaya ukuze kudaleke indawo efanelekile yokuntanta ngokushesha okukhulu. Abaqoqi kanye nama-frother ngokuvamile anezelwa ethangini lokuqala elinyakazayo lenqubo yokuntanta. Uma kukhona amathangi amabili ashukumisayo, i-activator kufanele yengezwe ethangini lokuqala, kuyilapho umqoqi kanye ne-frother kufanele kwengezwe ku-tank yesibili. Amaphuzu okungeza ayahlukahluka ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yama-reagents emshinini we-flotation. Ngokwesibonelo, i-copper sulfate, umuthi ophuzi, namafutha kaphayini ngokuvamile anezelwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo: i-copper sulfate yengezwa phakathi nethangi lokuqala elinyakazayo, umuthi ophuzi phakathi nendawo yethangi lesibili, namafutha kaphayini endaweni yokuphuma ithangi lesibili elinyakazayo. Ngokuvamile, izitshalo ezintantayo kuqala zengeza izilungisi ze-pH ukuze zilethe udaka ku-pH efanele ngaphambi kokuvumela umqoqi kanye ne-inhibitor ukuthi isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Lapho ungeza ama-reagents, kubalulekile ukuqaphela udaba lwama-ion athile ayingozi abangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-reagent. Isibonelo, ama-ion ethusi asabela nge-hydride ions angaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwama-hydrides. Ekuhlukaniseni i-copper-sulfur, uma kunama-ion amaningi ethusi ethangini elinyakazayo, i-cyanide akufanele ifakwe ethangini elinyakazayo kodwa kufanele yengezwe ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwenqubo yokuntanta.

I-Reagent Addition Order

Ukuhleleka okujwayelekile kokwengezwa kwe-reagent ezitshalweni ezintantayo kungokulandelayo: ekuntanteni kwensimbi eluhlaza, kufanele kube izilungisi ze-pH, ama-inhibitors noma ama-activator, ama-frother, nabaqoqi; kumaminerali avinjiwe ngesikhathi sokuntanta, i-oda liyi-activators, abaqoqi, kanye nama-frothers.

Izindlela Zokwengeza I-Reagent

Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokwengeza ama-reagents: ukuhlanganisa okumaphakathi kanye nokwengeza okuhlakaziwe. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwengeza kufanele kucabangele zombili izinhlobo ze-reagent kanye nezenzo zama-reagents.

1. Ukwengezwa Okuhlanganisiwe: Ama-reagent amaningi engezwa phakathi nendawo; isibonelo, abaqoqi, ama-activator, kanye nama-inhibitor afakwa emathangini okuxuba.

2. Ukwengezwa Okuhlakazekile: Amanye ama-reagent angafakwa ngqo ethangini lokuntanta, elivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-reagent aguquguqukayo noma azwelayo kwamanye ama-reagent. Isibonelo, uma ama-reagent okuntanta ebanga imiphumela emibi komunye nomunye (isb., ithonya elibi le-sodium sulfide eningi ekuntantaneni okusebenzayo), ama-reagent angafakwa ngqo emshinini wokuntanta.

Isiphetho

Ngokukhetha okulungile, ukulungiswa, umthamo, kanye nokwengezwa kwama-reagents e-flotation, ukucubungula amaminerali kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-geological kungenziwa ngcono, kuthuthukise ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa nokuhlaziya. Lawa macebiso okusebenza ahlose ukusiza ochwepheshe baselabhorethri kanye nonjiniyela bezimayini ekusebenziseni kangcono ama-reagents e-flotation, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nemiphumela ethembeke kakhudlwana.