I-Mercury (Hg) Ukukhiqiza, Imithombo & Uhlolojikelele Lwemboni | United Chemical

Isingeniso

I-Mercury (Hg) iyinsimbi esindayo ebalulekile ngokomlando kodwa eyingozi kakhulu. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele - uketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa, ugesi ophezulu kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa - kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwezimboni esikhathini esidlule. Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngezingozi zemvelo nezempilo ezihlobene ne -mercury kuholele ezenzweni zomhlaba wonke ezifana neMinamata Convention yokunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-MERCURY nokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha nokulawulwa kokungcola.

Lesi sihloko sezindaba senkampani ngo United Chemical inikeza isifinyezo esicacile, sobuchwepheshe Mercury imithombo nezindlela zokuthola kabusha, izici zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuqhathaniswa ngomthombo, uchungechunge lwamanani embonini, izindawo zokulawula nezohwebo, kanye nezincomo ezisebenzayo zokuthobelana nezinkampani kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi.

Inothi lokuphepha : I-Mercury kanye nezinto zayo zinobuthi emithanjeni yegazi futhi zihlala isikhathi eside emvelweni. Noma yikuphi ukuphathwa, ukubuyiswa, ukuthuthwa noma ukusetshenziswa kumele kulandele imithetho kazwelonke, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemithethonqubo yezimpahla eziyingozi.

1. Yini i-mercury? (Kafushane)

I-Elemental mercury (Hg) iyinsimbi ewuketshezi eminyene ezimeni ezizungezile futhi ingahwamuka futhi ihlakazeke endaweni ezungezile. I-Mercury ivela ngezindlela eziningana:

• I-mercury eyisisekelo (Hg⁰) — insimbi, iyashintshashintsha;

• Usawoti we-mercury ongaphili — isib., i-chloride ye-mercuric (HgCl₂);

• I-mercury engokwemvelo — njenge-methylmercury, eqoqana emaketangeni okudla futhi ibeka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni.

I-Mercury ekhishelwe emoyeni nasemanzini ingaguqulwa futhi inqwabelene, ibangele imithelela yesikhathi eside yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.

2. Imithombo eyinhloko nezigaba zokuthola kabusha (ukubuka konke kwezinga eliphezulu)

Ukutholakala kwe-mercury emhlabeni wonke kutholakala kakhulu ekumbeni okuyinhloko (i-cinnabar/HgS) kanye nemifudlana ephinde yasetshenziswa (imikhiqizo engaphansi kwezimboni kanye nemfucuza eqoqwe) . Izigaba ezibalulekile zemithombo yilezi:

1. Izimayini eziyisisekelo nokuncibilikisa (i-cinnabar)

• Ukubuka Konke : Ukumbiwa kwe-cinnabar (HgS) komlando kanye nokuncibilikisa kukhiqiza i-mercury eyisisekelo ngokushisa kanye nokujiya. Izakhiwo zesimanje ezihambisanayo zingakhiqiza i-mercury emsulwa kakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa okwanele.

• Ukukhathazeka : Ukuncibilikisa okuncishisiwe okungalawulwa kuholela ekungcoleni okukhulu kanye nezingozi zempilo; amazwe amaningi anciphisa noma avimbela imisebenzi enjalo.

2. Ukubuyiselwa komkhiqizo ovela embonini kanye nokugaywa kabusha okulawulwayo

• Ukubuka Konke : I-Mercury itholakala kakhulu emifudlaneni yemfucuza eqoqwe—izibani ze-fluorescent, amaswishi nama-relay, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, imfucuza ye-elekthronikhi kanye neyaselabhorethri—bese ihlungwa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo.

• Inzuzo : Ukuvuselela kabusha kunciphisa umthwalo wemvelo futhi kuthuthukisa ukulandelelwa kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.

3. Ukumbiwa kwegolide kwezobuciko kanye nezizinda ezincane (ASGM)

• Ukubuka Konke : Ezindaweni ezithile i-ASGM isebenzisa i-mercury ukwakha ama-amalgam ukuze kutholakale igolide.

• Inqubomgomo : Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ASGM mercury kuyinhloso eyinhloko yokunciphisa ngaphansi kweSivumelwano saseMinamata kanye nezinhlelo zikazwelonke ezikhuthaza ezinye izindlela.

4. Ukudilizwa kwamasheya nemishini engokomlando

• Ukubuka Konke : Ukususwa kwemishini emidala kanye nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo yakudala nakho kuveza i-mercury etholakala kabusha, kodwa ikhwalithi kanye namaphrofayili okungcola kuyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela.

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwekhwalithi yomthombo/yomkhiqizo namamethrikhi angukhiye

Amathimba okuthenga nokuthobela imithetho kufanele abeke phambili amamethrikhi alandelayo kokuthi Izitifiketi Zokuhlaziya (COA):

• Okuqukethwe kwe-Hg / ubumsulwa bezinto eziyisisekelo (%) ;

• Izinsalela ze-mercury (methylmercury) ze-organic ;

• Imingcele yokuphepha ehlobene nokuguquguquka kanye nomfutho womusi ;

• ukungcola okungaphili (As, Pb, S compounds, particles) ;

• Umswakama kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo zemishini ;

• Ifomu kanye nokupakishwa (i-elemental liquid Hg, usawoti, ama-alloys; imininingwane yezinto ezisetshenziswa esitsheni).

Ukuqhathanisa kwezinga eliphezulu ngomthombo :

• Ukumba okuyinhloko (izitshalo ezithobela imithetho) : Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kungatholakala uma ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza kulawulwa; ukuthobela imithetho kubalulekile.

• Ukuvuselelwa kabusha okulawulwayo : Ngokuhluzwa kwesimanje, i-mercury ephinde yasetshenziswa ingahlangabezana nezimfuneko zobumsulwa obuphezulu futhi ikhethwa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo.

• Imithombo yomlando/yokudiliza : Ikhwalithi eguquguqukayo; ngokuvamile idinga ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe.

• Imithombo ye-ASGM : Ingcoliswe kakhulu futhi ayamukeleki kumaketanga okuphakelwa asemthethweni.

4. Uchungechunge lwenani lemboni (enhla nomfula — phakathi nomfula — phansi komfula)

I-Upstream — imithombo nemishini

• Imithombo : amatshe e-cinnabar, imfucuza yezimboni (izibani, amaswishi, amadivayisi ezokwelapha), amasheya omlando.

• Imishini kanye nezinsizakalo : izinhlelo zokufinyela/zokubamba ezivaliwe, amayunithi okumunca/okumunca, imishini yokucwenga, amalabhorethri okuhlola aqinisekisiwe, ukupakishwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi kanye nokuthutha.

I-Midstream — ukucwengwa, ukuhlola nokuhweba

• Imisebenzi : ukuncibilikisa/ukucwenga, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu (i-COA/MSDS), ukupakisha nokulebula, ukuthobela imithetho yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nokuthutha.

• Izici ezibalulekile : izimvume, ukulawulwa kokukhishwa komoya ongcolile, ukuphathwa kwezempilo emsebenzini kanye nokuthobela imithetho yezokuthutha.

I-downstream - izinhlelo zokusebenza namathrendi okushintsha

• Izicelo : amathuluzi akhethekile anemba kakhulu, ama-catalyst athile amakhemikhali, ucwaningo; ngokomlando ekukhanyeni nasezishintshini (manje sezithathelwe indawo kakhulu).

• Umkhuba : ukwamukelwa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe obungenazo i-mercury (ama-LED, ama-switch e-solid-state, ama-catalyst ahlukile) kanye nokuqeda okuqhutshwa yimithetho ezindaweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa.

5. Isimo sokulawula nokuhweba (ukubuka konke)

• Isivumelwano saseMinamata : uhlaka oluyinhloko lwezomthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe oludinga izinyathelo zokunciphisa nokuqeda ukukhishwa kwe-mercury ekugcineni, ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha nokuphatha amasheya.

• Umkhuba Wemakethe : ukwehla kwesidingo se-mercury eyinhloko ngokuthembela okwandayo emithonjeni ephinde yasetshenziswa futhi ehambisanayo; ukuhweba nge-mercury okungekho emthethweni kanye ne-ASGM engakahleleki kusalokhu kuyizinto eziza kuqala ekuphoqelelweni komthetho.

• Isexwayiso sokuhweba : ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zezwe okuya kulo, imithetho yokuthutha izimpahla eziyingozi (IATA/IMDG), kanye nokulandeleka kwemvelaphi.

6. Izingozi zemboni, izinto ezibalulekile zokuhambisana nezincomo

1. Ukuthobela imithetho : gcina ukuvumelana okugcwele neSivumelwano saseMinamata kanye nemithethonqubo yendawo—ukulandeleka okubhaliwe kwemithombo ye-mercury kanye nezindawo eziya kuzo.

2. Khuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha : tshala imali engqalasizindani yokuqoqa nokuhlanza elawulwayo ukuze unikeze i-mercury esetshenzisiwe ehambisanayo.

3. Vikela impilo kanye nemvelo : sebenzisa ukuqapha emsebenzini, ukuvimbela ukuvuza, impendulo ephuthumayo kanye nokubandakanya umphakathi.

4. Ukusekela ukushintshaniswa : sebenzisana namakhasimende ukuze wamukele ubuchwepheshe obungenazo i-mercury futhi unikeze ukwesekwa kokususa ukusebenza/ukubuyisa impahla.

5. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokulandelelwa : hlinzeka nge-COA/MSDS ekuthunyelweni ngakunye futhi uqinisekise ukulandelelwa kweqoqo.

6. Ukudluliselwa kwengozi : sebenzisa umshwalense wemfanelo wezemvelo ofanele kanye nomshwalense wezokuthutha.

Isiphetho - United Chemicalukuzibophezela

United Chemical uzibophezele ekuhlanganyeleni okunomthwalo wemfanelo, okuthobelayo kanye nokukhathalela imvelo ngezinto eziphathelene ne-mercury. Okuhamba phambili kwethu kuhlanganisa:

• ukubeka phambili ukugaywa kabusha okulawulwayo kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ekukhishweni okuyinhloko;

• ukugcina ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, imibhalo kanye nokulandeleka;

• ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezincwadi zokuthobela imithetho, iseluleko sezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuphatha ngokuphepha;

• ukusebenzisana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izindlela nokunciphisa ubungozi be-mercury ezimbonini ezisezansi nomfula.