Ukuhlolwa Kwamazinga Ekhwalithi kanye Nezindlela Zokuthola I-Sodium Cyanide

I. Izakhiwo Eziyisisekelo Nezicelo Ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyinto ebalulekile yamakhemikhali angaphili, esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana ne-metallurgy, electroplating, pharmaceuticals, kanye ne-organic synthesis. Umkhiqizo wayo omsulwa usesimweni sezinhlayiya zekristalu emhlophe noma impushana, encibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi inobuthi obuqinile nokugqwala. Ngenxa yobuthi obuphezulu kakhulu be I-Sodium Cyanide, it Ikhwalithi yokulawula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona buhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kokukhiqiza, Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, nempilo yomuntu.

II. I-Quality Standard System ye-Sodium Cyanide

1.Amazinga Kazwelonke (GB)

Okwamanje Standard Standards for i-sodium cyanide e-China zisekelwe ikakhulukazi ku-"GB/T 19306-2003 Industrial Sodium Cyanide". Leli zinga licacisa izidingo zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokuhlola, nokupakishwa, ukugcinwa, kanye nemininingwane yezokuthutha yebanga lezimboni. I-sodium cyanide. Izinkomba eziqondile zimi kanje:

Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko (Kubalwa Njenge-NaCN): ≥ 98.0% (Ibanga Elihle Kakhulu), ≥ 97.0% (Ibanga Lokuqala)

• I-Sodium Hydrooxide (NaOH): ≤ 0.5%

• I-Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃): ≤ 1.0%

• I-Heavy Metals (Ibalwa njenge-Pb): ≤ 0.002%

• I-Insoluble Matter Emanzini: ≤ 0.05%

2.Amazinga Omkhakha kanye Nemininingwane Yamazwe Ngamazwe

• Amazinga emboni embonini ye-metallurgy (njenge-YS/T 53-2020) abeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuhlanzeka nokungcola okuqukethwe kwe-sodium cyanide, ezisebenza ezimeni ezikhethekile ezifana nokukhipha igolide.

• Amazinga omhlaba (afana ne-ISO 14649) agcizelela ukutholwa kobumsulwa kanye nokulandelela ukungcola kwe-sodium cyanide ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

III. Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokuthola I-Sodium Cyanide

1.Izindlela Zokuhlaziya Amakhemikhali

• Indlela yeSilver Nitrate Titration (Indlela Yokulamula):

Sebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-Ag(CN)₂⁻ ezinzile phakathi kwe-Ag⁺ ne-CN⁻. Titrate ngesisombululo esijwayelekile se-nitrate yesiliva bese usebenzisa iodide ye-potassium njengenkomba. Ekugcineni, kwakheka imvula ye-iodide esiliva.

Ifomula yokusabela: AgNO₃ + 2NaCN → Na[Ag(CN)₂] + NaNO₃

• Indlela ye-Acid-Base Titration:

Isetshenziselwa ukunquma okuqukethwe kwe-sodium hydroxide. Sebenzisa i-phenolphthalein njengenkomba kanye ne-titrate enesisombululo esijwayelekile se-hydrochloric acid.

2.Izindlela Zokuhlaziya Instrumental

• I-Ion Chromatography (IC):

Hlukanisa i-CN⁻ ngekholomu yokushintshisana kwe-anion futhi uthole ukutholwa okuzwela kakhulu ngokuhambisana nomtshina we-conductivity, ofanele ukuhlaziywa kwe-trace cyanides.

• I-Spectrophotometry:

Ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni phakathi kwe-cyanide ne-ejenti ye-chromogenic (efana ne-isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone) ukwakha inhlanganisela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi inqume okuqukethwe ngesilinganiso sokumunca.

• I-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS):

Thola ukungcola kwensimbi enzima (okufana ne-Pb, Cu) futhi uzuze ukunemba kwezinga le-ppm usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-atomization yomlilo noma i-graphite.

3.Ezinye Izinto Zokutholwa

• Ukunqunywa Komswakama: Sebenzisa indlela ye-Karl Fischer noma ukulahlekelwa endleleni yokomisa.

• Ukuhlaziya Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana: Sebenzisa indlela ye-laser diffraction noma indlela yokusefa.

IV. Inqubo Yokuthola kanye Namaphuzu Abalulekile Wokulawula Ikhwalithi

1.Ukuphatha Isampula

• I-sodium cyanide ine-hygroscopic kakhulu. Lapho wenza amasampula, sebenzisa isiqukathi esomile futhi usigcine ngendlela evalekile ukuze ugweme ukonakala okuthinta imiphumela yokutholwa.

• Kumasampula anobuthi obukhulu, ukuhlinza kufanele kwenziwe ku-fume hood, futhi kugqoke izinto zokuzivikela (njengemaski yegesi namagilavu).

2.Iziphazamiso Nezisombululo

• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-sulfide: Engeza i-hydrogen peroxide ukuze ususe umthelela we-S²⁻.

• Indawo ene-Acidic: Ngaphambi kokutholwa, lungisa i-pH yesixazululo ibe ileveli ye-alkaline (pH > 11) ukuze uvimbele ukuguquguquka kwe-HCN.

3.Izinyathelo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi

• Linganisa amathuluzi (njengama-ion chromatographs namabhalansi) njalo.

• Sebenzisa izinto eziyisethenjwa eziqinisekisiwe (CRM) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphinda kutholwe (kudingeka kube ngu-95% -105%).

• Yenza ukuzimisela okufanayo kwabantu ababili, futhi ukuchezuka komphumela kufanele kube ≤ 0.3%.

V. Ukuvikelwa Kokuphepha kanye Nezidingo Zokuvikela Imvelo

1.Imininingwane Yokusebenza

• Isixazululo se-sodium cyanide kufanele sigcinwe endaweni emnyama ukuze kugwenywe ukubola kwegesi ye-HCN ngenxa yokukhanya.

• Ukuze ukwelapha uketshezi olulahlwayo, engeza inani eleqile le-sodium hypochlorite noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukuze i-oxidize futhi ubolise i-cyanide ekugxiliseni okuphephile (CN⁻ ≤ 0.5 mg/L).

2.Ukuhambisana Nemithethonqubo

• Ngokusho "Nemithetho Yokulawulwa Kokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Ayingozi" e-China, uhlelo lokuphatha "Okuphindwe kabili Okuhlanu" (iresidi yabantu ababili kanye nokuthunyelwayo, ukugcinwa kwabantu ababili, njll.) kufanele kusetshenziswe ku-sodium cyanide.

• Ilabhorethri yokuthola idinga ukuphasisa isitifiketi se-CMA ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okusemthethweni kwedatha.

VI. Amathrendi Okuthuthukisa Ikusasa

1. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthola Okuzenzakalelayo: Hlanganisa i-online near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) nokufunda komshini ukuze uzuze ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela senqubo yokukhiqiza.

2. Izindlela Zokuthola Okuluhlaza: Yakha indlela yokukhipha usawoti engena-mercury ukuze unciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

3. I-Trace Analysis Technology: Ukusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) isetshenziselwa ukutholwa kokungcola kwezinga le-ppb.

Isiphetho

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-sodium cyanide iyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko sokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphephile. Ngokusebenzisa standardized Indlela Yokutholas kanye nezinhlelo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi, izingozi zokukhiqiza zingancishiswa ngempumelelo, futhi imboni ingakhuthazwa ukuba ithuthuke ngendlela eluhlaza nehlakaniphile. Ngokuzayo, ngokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokutholwa, amazinga ekhwalithi ye-sodium cyanide azothuthukiswa, anikeze ukwesekwa okuthembekile kwenkambu yokukhiqiza ephezulu.