Umthelela Wesilinganiso Esishukumisayo Esilinganisweni Sokuvuza Sodium Cyanide

1. Isingeniso

I-Cyanide leaching iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimayini yokukhipha izinsimbi ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi igolide, ensimbini. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo njengoba ihlangana nezinsimbi ukuze zakhe izingxube ezincibilikayo, okuvumela ukuhlukana kwazo ne-ore matrix. Phakathi kwezici ezihlukahlukene ezingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwe Ukukhishwa kwe-Cyanide, izinga elinyakazayo libaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi izinga lokunyakazisa lithinta kanjani Izinga leaching of I-sodium cyanide.

2. Iqhaza Lokugqugquzela Ekuvuzeni I-Cyanide

2.1 Ukuthuthukisa Ukudluliselwa Okuningi

Kunqubo ye-cyanide leaching, ukusabela phakathi I-Sodium Cyanide futhi insimbi ku-ore yenzeka esibonakalayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya zensimbi eqinile nesisombululo se-cyanide esiwuketshezi. Ukuvuselela kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa okukhulu kwama-reactants (i-sodium cyanide nomoya-mpilo) ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-ore kanye nokususwa kwemikhiqizo yokusabela kusuka phezulu. Lapho izinga elinyakazayo lenyuka, ukugeleza koketshezi ezizungeze izinhlayiya kuba nezinxushunxushu. Lesi siphithiphithi sehlisa ukujiya kwesendlalelo somngcele ezizungeze izinhlayiya, okuyisifunda lapho ukugxiliswa kwegradient kwama-reactants kanye nemikhiqizo ikhona. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokusatshalaliswa kwe-sodium cyanide nomoya-mpilo endaweni yezinhlayiyana liyakhuphuka, likhuthaze ukusabela kwe-leaching.

2.2 Ukuvimbela Izinhlayiya Sedimentation

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wokunyakazisa ukuvimbela ukuchithwa kwezinhlayiya ze-ore emihle, ikakhulukazi esimweni sensimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-slime, ubumba, noma i-shale. Lezi zinhlayiya ezinhle zingahlala ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwilisa, ukunciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-ore nesisombululo se-cyanide futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokucwilisa. Ngokuqhubekayo ugqugquzela i-pulp (ingxube ye-ore nesisombululo), izinhlayiya zigcinwa zimisiwe, ziqinisekisa ukuthintana okufanayo nesisombululo se-cyanide kulo lonke inqubo yokukhishwa.

3. Izifundo Zokuhlola Ngethonya Lesilinganiso Sokushukumisa

3.1 Ilabhorethri - Izivivinyo Zesikali

Kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi lwaselabhorethri ukuze kuphenywe ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso sokunyakazisa kanye nezinga lokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide. Esivivinyweni esijwayelekile, isampula yensimbi igaywa ibe usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezithile bese ixutshwa nengxube ye-cyanide kureactor efakwe isivusi. Izinga lokunyakazisa liyahlukahluka, futhi izinga le-leaching likalwa phakathi nenkathi ethile. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kwe-ore enegolide, lapho izinga lokunyakazisa lenyuswa lisuka ku-200 rpm laya ku-600 rpm, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide (elicwiliswa yi-sodium cyanide) lenyuke kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zokucwiliswa. Kodwa-ke, ngale kwezinga elithile elinyakazayo (cishe i-800 rpm kulokhu), ukwanda kwezinga le-leaching kuye kwancipha.

3.2 Ukubuka Kwezimboni - Izikali

Imisebenzi yezikali zezimboni iphinde inikeze imininingwane ebalulekile ngomthelela wezinga elinyakazayo. Ezitshalweni ezinkulu zokucwilisa i-cyanide, izinga elinyakazayo lamathangi okucwilisa lilawulwa ngokucophelela. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi lapho izinga lokunyakazisa liphansi kakhulu, kunezifunda ethangini lapho izinhlayiya ze-ore zingekho kahle - zixutshwe nengxube ye-cyanide, okuholela ekwehleni kwamazinga okucwiliswa kwawo wonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinga elishukumisayo liphezulu kakhulu, lingabangela ukuguga ngokweqile nokudiliza okokusebenza, kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi kungase kuholele ngisho nasekubunjweni kwama-vortex angaphazamisa inqubo yokukhishwa. Isibonelo, embonini enkulu yegolide ye-cyanidation, ukukhulisa izinga elinyakazayo lisuka ku-400 rpm elijwayelekile liye ku-500 rpm kuholele ekwenyukeni ngo-5% kwezinga legolide lokucwiliswa, kodwa ukulikhuphula libe ngu-600 rpm kuphela kubangele ukwenyuka okuncane ngo-1%, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhuphuke ngo-20%.

4. Ukunqunywa Kwezinga Lokuvuselela Okulungile

4.1 Kucatshangelwa izici ze-Ore

Izinga elilungile lokunyakaza lokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide lincike ezicini ezimbalwa, nezici ze-ore zibe ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko. Ngama-ores anobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezinkulu, izinga eliphezulu lokugqugquzela lingadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isisombululo se-cyanide singangena kuma-pores futhi siphendule ngezingxenye zangaphakathi zezinhlayiya. Ngokuphambene, kuma-ores ahlanzekile, izinga eliphansi lokushukumisa lingase lanele ukugcina izinhlayiya zimisiwe futhi zikhuthaze ukudluliswa kwenqwaba. Ukwengeza, i-mineralogy ye-ore ibalulekile. Uma i-ore iqukethe amaminerali afakwa i-oxid kalula noma asabelane ne-cyanide ngesivinini esisheshayo, izinga eliphansi lokunyakazisa lingase lisetshenziswe ukulawula izinga lokusabela nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-sodium cyanide.

4.2 Ukulinganisa Izinga lokuLeaching kanye Nezindleko

Ngaphezu kwezici ze-ore, izindleko - ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwiliswa kwamanzi nakho kudlala indima ekunqumeni izinga elifanele lokunyakazisa. Izinga eliphezulu lokunyakazisa ngokuvamile lidinga amandla engeziwe, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ibhalansi idinga ukwenziwa phakathi kokuzuza izinga eliphezulu lokuvuza kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwezomnotho okucabangela izici ezifana nenani lensimbi ekhishwayo, izindleko ze-sodium cyanide, kanye nezindleko zamandla ezihambisana namazinga ahlukahlukene ashukumisayo. Isibonelo, uma intengo yegolide iphezulu futhi izindleko zamandla ziphansi, izinga lokunyakazisa eliphakeme kancane lingakhethwa ukuze kukhuliswe izinga legolide le-leaching. Kodwa-ke, uma izindleko zamandla ziyinkinga enkulu, izinga eliphansi lokunyakazisa lingakhethwa ngisho noma liphumela esilinganisweni esiphansi kancane sokuvuza.

5. Izinselele Ezihambisana Nokulungisa Izinga Lokunyakazisa

5.1 Imikhawulo Yezisetshenziswa

Enye yezinselele ekulungiseni izinga lokunyakazisa ukulinganiselwa kwezinto zokusebenza. Ukuklanywa kwamathangi agelezayo, amandla ezinjini ezishayela ama-stirrers, namandla omshini wama-impeller konke kukhawulela ububanzi bamazinga ashukumisayo angafinyelelwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthuthukisa okokusebenza ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokunyakazisa eliphezulu noma elinembe kakhulu kungase kudinge ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Isibonelo, uma isitshalo sifuna ukukhulisa izinga lokunyakazisa ngaphezu komkhawulo wamanje, kungase kudingeke ukuthi esikhundleni samamotho sibe namandla kakhulu futhi sifake ama-impeller anamandla, okungaba umzamo obiza kakhulu.

5.2 Ukungazinzi Kwenqubo

Ukushintsha izinga elinyakazayo nakho kungaholela ekungazinzi kwenqubo. Ukwenyuka okungazelelwe noma ukwehla kwezinga elinyakazayo kungaphazamisa amaphethini okugeleza ethangini le-leaching, kubangele ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinhlayiya ze-ore kanye nesisombululo se-cyanide. Lokhu kungaholela emazingeni okukhipha amanzi angahambisani futhi kungase kuholele ekwakhekeni kwezindawo ezishisayo noma izindawo ezibandayo ethangini, lapho amazinga okusabela ephakama kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokunyakazisa lehla ngokushesha kakhulu, izinhlayiya ze-ore zingase ziqale ukuzinza kwezinye izingxenye zethangi, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle kokugeleza.

6. Isiphetho

Izinga lokunyakazisa linomthelela obonakalayo esilinganisweni sokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide enqubweni yokukhishwa kwe-cyanide. Ngokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kobuningi kanye nokuvimbela ukucwiliswa kwezinhlayiyana, izinga elifanele lokunyakazisa lingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwilisa. Kodwa-ke, ukunquma izinga elilungile lokunyakazisa kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezimpawu ze-ore kanye nezindleko - ukusebenza kahle. Ukwengeza, izinselele ezifana nokulinganiselwa kwemishini kanye nokungaqini kwenqubo kumele kubhekwane nazo lapho kulungiswa izinga lokunyakazisa. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kule ndawo lungagxila ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obushukumisayo obusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokwenza kahle inqubo iyonke ye-cyanide leaching ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela nezindleko zemvelo.