Ucwaningo Lwendlela Yokubuyisela I-Copper ku-Cyanide Copper Plating Wastewater

1. Isingeniso

Ukusungula imodi ye-electroplating evumelana nemvelo neyonga izinsiza kuyizindikimba ezimbili ezinkulu zokuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwemboni ye-electroplating. Esimweni sokushoda kwezinsiza zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi emhlabeni kanye nokwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zezinto zensimbi ze-electroplating, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina izinsiza ze-electroplating kuye kwadonsa ukunaka okukhulu. Amabhizinisi aseShayina e-electroplating anomlando wentuthuko emfushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, kwakukhona ukushoda kwezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva. Iningi lamafekthri amancane e-electroplating awanalo ulwazi lokutholwa kwezinto zensimbi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating, ingasaphathwa yokucwaninga ngezindlela zokuthola kabusha. Ngoba i-cyanide i-copper plating kanye ne-copper alloy electroplating wastewater, i-precipitates eyakhiwe yi-divalent yethusi ngemva kokuphuka kwe-cyanide yizinhlayiya ezinhle, okuholela emvuleni onzima nokuhlukana kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukufunda izinqubo ezintsha zokuthola kabusha.

2. Izimiso Zendlela

2.1 Ukwelashwa Kwe-Cyanide Copper Plating kanye Namanzi Angcolile E-Copper Alloy

Enqubweni yendabuko yokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide kusetshenziswa i-sodium hypochlorite, i-pH yamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide idinga ukulungiswa ibe ngu-11 - 12. ngokuvamile ngokufaka i-sodium hydroxide. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide, i-cyanide iguqulwa ibe I-Carbon i-dioxide ne-nitrogen, kanye nama-ion ethusi e-monovalent afakwa ku-oxidized abe ama-ion ethusi e-divalent, abese enza izinhlayiya ezincane ze-carbonate eyisisekelo yethusi elenga emanzini angcolile. Ukuthuthwa kwemvelo kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku lonke futhi akukwazi ukufeza imvula ephelele. Inani elikhulu losizo lwe-coagulant kanye ne-flocculant kuyadingeka ukuze kufezwe imvula ephelele kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Esikhathini esidlule, lapho ithusi lingatholakali, amanzi angcolile ngemva kokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide ayexutshwa emanzini angcolile aqukethe i-acid ephelele, ayephathwa ngendlela ye-lime. I-carbonate eyisisekelo yethusi yayifakwa emanzini angcolile ahlanganisiwe futhi ekugcineni yahlanzwa futhi yahlukaniswa.

Inqubo entsha yokuphulwa kwe-cyanide ukufaka umcako ukulungisa i-pH. I-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuphuka kwe-cyanide ihlangana ne-calcium oxide yakhe i-calcium carbonate. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-basic copper carbonate co-precipitates ne-calcium carbonate ukuze kwakheke izinhlayiyana ezinkulu.

2.2 Ukwelashwa Kwamanye Amanzi Angcolile Anethusi

Ama-ion e-copper ahlukanisiwe emanzini angcolile ane-acidic ecwebezelayo ahlangana nomcako ukwenza i-copper hydroxide, futhi i-sulfuric acid ihlangana nomcako ukwenza i-calcium sulfate namanzi. Emanzini angcolile e-pyrophosphate e-copper, ama-ion e-pyrophosphate radical kanye nethusi akhona ngendlela ye-complex. Lapho iphathwa nge-lime, i-pyrophosphate radical ihlangana ne-calcium oxide ukuze yakhe i-calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, futhi ama-ion ethusi ahlangana ne-calcium oxide enze i-copper hydroxide.

3. Inqubo Yokutakula

3.1 Ukwakheka Kwamanzi Angcolile Aqukethe Ithusi

Amanzi angcolile ane-Copper ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ezifana ne-cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, i-copper-tin alloy, i-acidic bright copper plating, kanye namanzi angcolile e-copper pyrophosphate. I-cyanide copper plating, ingxubevange ye-copper-zinc, namanzi angcolile e-copper-tin alloy ageleza ethangini lokulungiswa lamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide, kuyilapho amanzi angcolile e-acidic e-copper pyrophosphate agelezela ethangini lokulungiswa lamanzi angcolile eline-copper. I-Cyanide copper plating kanye namanzi angcolile e-copper alloy aqukethe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana I-sodium cyanide, i-potassium sodium tartrate, ne-ammonium thiocyanate, akha ama-complexes ane-ion yethusi. Amanzi angcolile e-Copper pyrophosphate Plating aqukethe i-copper pyrophosphate complexes. I-Cyanide copper plating kanye namanzi angcolile e-copper alloy athatha cishe u-90% wawo wonke amanzi angcolile aqukethe ithusi, kanti amanzi angcolile e-copper agqamile ane-acidic kanye ne-pyrophosphate plating athatha cishe u-10%.

3.2 Inqubo Ye-Oxidation Yezingxube Zethusi

Ngaphambi kokuthola ithusi, kuyadingeka ukuhlephula izakhi zethusi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating futhi kufakwe i-Cu⁺ ion ibe ama-ion e-Cu²⁺. Indlela ehlanganisiwe yesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite ne-hydrogen peroxide isetshenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide kanye nama-complexing agents afana ne-potassium sodium tartrate. Kunamathangi amathathu aphula i-cyanide. Amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide kanye namanzi angcolile anethusi aphonswa ethangini lesigaba sokuqala sokuphulwa kwe-cyanide. Ubisi lwe-lime lwengezwa ukulungisa i-pH ibe yi-11 - 12. futhi inani elingeziwe lobisi lwe-lime lilungiswa uhlelo lokulawula i-pH. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite siyengezwa ukuphula i-cyanide. I-hydrogen peroxide yengezwa ethangini lesigaba sesibili eliqhekeza i-cyanide ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuphula i-cyanide kanye nama-oxidizing complexing agents njenge-potassium sodium tartrate. Ngenxa yezinga lokusabela elihamba kancane, ithangi lesigaba sesithathu eliqhekeza i-cyanide liyengezwa. Ethangini lesigaba sesithathu le-cyanide-breaking, ukususwa kwe-cyanide nama-ejenti ayinkimbinkimbi njenge-potassium sodium tartrate kuhlolwa ngokuya ngedatha yokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali nolwazi. Ngokuqedwa kokusabela kwe-oxidation, i-Cu⁺ emanzini angcolile iguqulwa ngokuphelele ibe yi-Cu²⁺, futhi i-copper carbonate ne-copper hydroxide precipitate iyakhiwa. Phakathi nale nqubo, emva kokuba amanzi angcolile e-pyrophosphate e-copper aphendule nge-lime, inkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe ngethusi ne-pyrophosphate radical iphukile, futhi i-hydroxide yethusi iyakhiwa. Idatha yokuhlaziya ibonisa ukuthi le nqubo ingenza amanzi angcolile ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa. Ukwengeza umcako ukulungisa i-pH kanye nama-ion e-copper ancipha kunciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa, futhi umcako ubuye ubambe iqhaza le-coagulant aid futhi ugweme ngokuphelele i-pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Ukubuyiselwa Kwethusi

Kule nqubo engenhla, ama-ion ethusi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating aguqulwa abe ama-copper carbonate precipitates ayisisekelo. Uma inani le-lime elengeziwe lilikhulu, ama-ion ethusi angabuye aguqulwe abe yi-copper hydroxide precipitates. Njengoba i-lime idingeka ukuze kuncishiswe i-pyrophosphate radical emanzini angcolile e-pyrophosphate plating, inani lomcako owengeziwe ngeke libe lincane kakhulu. Izindleko ze-lime ziphansi kakhulu, futhi zingengezwa ngokwedlulele okufanele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ngemva kokuba amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide kanye nethusi ehlanzwa emathangini aphula i-cyanide ezigaba ezintathu, agelezela ku-flocculation tank. I-sodium pyrosulfite yengezwa ethangini le-flocculation ukunciphisa i-hydrogen peroxide eyeqile, futhi i-polyacrylamide flocculant yengezwa ukwenza izinhlayiya zemvula zikhule zibe zinkulu. Uma i-sodium pyrosulfite ingengeziwe ethangini le-flocculation, i-hydrogen peroxide esele ngemva kokuphuka kwe-cyanide iyabola ukuze ikhiqize umoya-mpilo, okhangiswa phezu kwezinhlayiya ze-precipitate futhi ibangele ukuthi imvula intante. Inani le-sodium pyrosulfite elengeziwe kufanele libe ngendlela yokuthi ama-precipitates angantanti, futhi okweqile okufanele kuyamukeleka.

Ngemva kokudlula ethangini le-flocculation, amanzi angcolile ageleza ethangini le-tube sedimentation ethambekele. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-precipitates ehlukanisiwe namanzi, angena ethangini lokuqina le-sedimentation, abese ehlungwa ngomshini wokuhlunga. Ikhekhe lokuhlunga liyatholwa, futhi i-filtrate igeleza ibuyele ethangini lokulungiswa. Ikhekhe lokuhlunga eliqukethe ithusi elitholiwe lithengwa inkampani yochwepheshe futhi lithunyelwa kumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ukuze akhiqize i-copper sulfate noma angasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza ithusi ele-electrolytic.

I-4. Izinzuzo

Amanzi angcolile aqukethe ithusi akhiqizwa kuma-workshops amane e-electroplating. Ukuhlaziywa nokuqapha idatha kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso mass lokuhlushwa yethusi in the Amanzi angcolile e-Cyanide yethusi ingu-345mg/L, okusho ukuthi, ithani ngalinye lamanzi angcolile liqukethe u-0.345kg wethusi. Isamba sesamba samanzi angcolile e-cyanide copper plating ngenyanga cishe alinganiselwa ku-4600t, aqukethe u-1587kg wethusi. Kanye nethusi kwamanye amanzi angcolile anethusi, cishe i-1700kg yethusi ingatholwa ngenyanga. Imali engenayo yanyanga zonke yenkampani ngokuthengisa udaka oluqukethe ithusi ngu-RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Ukubuyiswa kwenkampani yethusi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating kugwema ukusetshenziswa okungenanzuzo kwethusi lensimbi, akugcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko ze-electroplating kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwesibili kodaka lwe-electroplating emvelweni, ukuzuza izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho nezenhlalo.

5. Isiphetho

Imboni ye-electroplating iyimboni engcolisa kakhulu. Esimeni samanje lapho izinqubo zokwelashwa nobuchwepheshe bamanzi angcolile e-electroplating e-China zibuyela emuva ngokuqhathaniswa, ukutadisha ngenkuthalo izindlela zokuthola izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating kubaluleke kakhulu ekusunguleni imodi yokonga izinsiza kanye nemvelo enobungani be-electroplating kanye nokugcina intuthuko esimeme yemboni ye-electroplating. Indlela yokwelapha i-cyanide copper plating namanye amanzi angcolile anethusi ukuze kubuyiselwe ithusi kusetshenziswa umcako ofundwe kuleli phepha kubonise imiphumela emihle ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, okuhlinzeka ngendlela engenzeka yokuthuthukiswa kohlaza komkhakha we-electroplating.