I-Gold Cyanidation Plant Cyanide Wastewater Treatment Izindlela

In I-Gold Cyanidation Plants, nakuba abanye I-Cyanide Wastewater igaywa kabusha, zisekhona ezinye i-cyanide amanzi angcolile noma izinsalela ze-cyanide ziyalahlwa. I-Cyanide inobuthi obuphezulu, ngakho ukwelashwa okusemthethweni kwala manzi angcolile e-cyanide kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba akhishwe ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokulimala empilweni yabantu neyezilwane. Njengamanje, okulandelayo izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-cyanide ezitshalweni zegolide ze-cyanidation.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zamanzi Angcolile E-Cyanide Aphakathi Naphansi

Indlela ye-Alkaline Chlorination

Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, i-chlorine oxidant enesimo se-oxidation esiphezulu se-alkaline yengezwa emanzini angcolile e-alkaline cyanide. Ama-oxidants avamile ahlanganisa i-ClO₂, i-Cl₂ (igesi noketshezi), i-bleaching powder, i-sodium hypochlorite, i-calcium hypochlorite, ne-chlorite. Kusixazululo se-alkaline, i-OCl⁻ noma i-oxidation ye-chloride ephezulu yokushaja ngokuvamile iyakhiqizwa. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized ukuze i-cyanate, bese ibuye ifakwe kwi-carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen.

• Izinzuzo: Ama-reagents atholakala kabanzi futhi awabizi. Umphumela wokwelapha muhle, futhi okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe kulula, okulula ukuzenzela.

• Okumbi: Njengoba i-cyanogen chloride ekhiqiziwe inobuthi, iyingozi kakhulu kubaqhubi. I-Cyanogen chloride lapho ithintana namanzi ingakhipha intuthu ebolayo, ibangele umonakalo omkhulu emishinini.

Indlela ye-Inco

Indlela ye-Inco yathuthukiswa yi-Inco Ltd. ngo-1982. Ngokuyinhloko ihilela ukungeza ingxube ye-SO₂ nomoya emanzini angcolile e-cyanide nokulawula inani le-pH eliphakathi kuka-8 - 10. Ama-ion ethusi ahlukanisiwe enza i-oxidation ye-cyanide emanzini angcolile.

• Izinzuzo: Indlela ye-Inco ilula, futhi okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe akuyinkimbinkimbi. Umphumela wokwelapha ngokuvamile ungcono kunenqubo ye-chlorination (ngaphandle kokucabangela ubuthi be-thiocyanate). Imithombo ye-reagent ibanzi ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi utshalomali luphansi kunalolo lwenqubo ye-alkaline chlorination.

• Okumbi: Indlela ye-Inco inobunzima ekwenzeni i-SCN⁻, futhi i-SCN⁻ ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-CN⁻ kamuva, ngakho ayifaneleki ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-cyanide nge-SCN⁻ ephezulu. I-SO₂ iphinde ingcolise umoya futhi ingase ibaleke futhi ivuze ngesikhathi sokusabela, ingcolise imvelo.

Indlela ye-H₂O₂ Oxidation

Ngaphansi kwezimo yenani le-pH elingu-9.5 - 11. izinga lokushisa elivamile, nama-ion ekhopha (Cu²⁺) njengesisusa, i-H₂O₂ i-oxidize i-cyanide ukuze ikhiqize i-CNO⁻. I-CNO⁻ izophinde ifakwe i-hydrolyzed ukuze ikhiqize i-NH₄⁺ ne-CO₃²⁻, futhi izinga le-hydrolysis lincike ku-pH.

• Izinzuzo: Umphumela wokwelapha wamanzi angcolile e-cyanide muhle, futhi inqubo ilula. Indlela ye-oxidation ilungele ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-cyanide aphansi, futhi ukugxila kwe-cyanide ngemva kokwelashwa kungaphansi kuka-0.5mg/L.

• Okumbi: I-H₂O₂ inobuthi futhi iyagqwalisa, ngakho-ke ukuthutha nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyingozi. Indlela ye-oxidation inobunzima bokufaka i-SCN⁻ emanzini angcolile, futhi amanzi angcolile asetshenzisiwe asenobuthi.

Indlela Ye-Ozone Oxidation

I-ozone inamandla okwedlulele e-oxidation, namandla e-electrode angu-2.07mV, okwesibili ngemva kwe-fluorine. Ingakwazi ukubola kalula izingxenye ezingakwazi ukubola ngamanye ama-oxidants. I-chemical reaction mechanism yenqubo ye-ozone oxidation iwukuthi i-ozone ihlangana ne-cyanide ukuze ikhiqize i-cyanate, esuke i-hydrolyzed ukuze ikhiqize i-nitrogen ne-carbonate.

• Izinzuzo: Idinga kuphela imishini ukukhiqiza i-ozone futhi ayidingi ukuthenga nokuthutha amakhemikhali. Inqubo ilula futhi ifanelekile, akukho ukungcola kwesibili.

• Okumbi: Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zamajeneretha e-ozone kanye nobunzima bokugcinwa kwemishini, kunemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni. Indlela ye-oxidation ye-ozone idla inani elikhulu likagesi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ezindaweni ezinamandla anganele.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Eziphakeme - Amanzi Angcolile e-Cyanide

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela yokwenza i-asidi ikwazi ukwelapha izixazululo eziningi ze-cyanide eziphezulu (60×10⁻⁶ + NaCN) ezikhishwa ezimbonini. Ukuhlushwa kwama-ion cyanide amahhala esixazululweni kungancishiswa ku-1×10⁻⁶.

• Izinzuzo: Ingakhuphula ukutholwa kwe-cyanide, iphinde isetshenziswe kabusha, futhi inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho.

• Okumbi: Utshalomali lwesikhathi esisodwa lukhulu kakhulu, futhi amanye amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo awakwazi ukukukhokhela. Ukuhlinzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-pulp elashiwe isenenkinga yokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa.

Indlela Yokucekela phansi Kwemvelo

Indlela yemvelo yokucekela phansi iyindlela yokuhlanza ebola i-cyanide kusetshenziswa izici zemvelo ezifana nokukhanya. Kufaka phakathi imiphumela ye-cyanide volatilization, ukonakala, i-oxidation, ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ezithombe, ukuwohloka kwemvelo, imvula, kanye ne-adsorption, okuwumphumela womthelela obanzi ophelele wekhemistri engokomzimba, i-photochemistry, ne-biochemistry.

• Izinzuzo: Indlela yokuhlanza yemvelo ingafinyelela inhloso yokukhipha i-cyanide ngaphandle kwemishini noma amanye amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke izindleko ziphansi kakhulu.

• Okumbi: Inqubo ihamba kancane, futhi amanzi angcolile acociwe awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokulahla.

Eyesibili - Indlela Yemvula Yesiteji

Indlela yezulu enezigaba ezimbili iyindlela ephumelelayo evaliwe - iluphu egcwele - yomjikelezo eyenzelwe izitshalo zegolide ze-cyanidation ezincane neziphakathi - ezinamanzi angcolile e-SCN⁻ aphezulu, angafinyelela "amanzi angcolile" angakhipha amanzi angcolile. Indlela yezulu enezigaba ezimbili ngokuyinhloko ihilela ukungeza i-catalyst nomoya-mpilo owanele ku-cyanide emanzini angcolile, bese ikhipha i-cyanide ngokusabela okulandelayo kwinto ephethe igolide.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻→Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN⁻→HCN

• Izinzuzo: Ingasusa ama-ion ensimbi esindayo esixazululweni futhi izuze ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile.

• Okumbi: Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuna kwemvula kufanele siphelele. Uma kungenjalo, lapho ungeza i-alkali, i-cuprous rhodanate izophinda incibilike, ithinte umphumela wokwelapha. I-CaSO₄ engalindelekile ingabangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-valve.

Lezi izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-cyanide ezitshalweni zegolide ze-cyanidation. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezingenhla zokususa i-cyanide, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide enqubweni yegolide ye-cyanidation nakho kunganciphisa ukuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile e-cyanide.