Umehluko phakathi kwamakhemikhali ezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-sodium cyanide ne-potassium cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide (NaCN) kanye i-potassium cyanide (I-KCN) zombili ziyizinto ezisetshenziswa amakhemikhali ezingaphili ezibalulekile ezinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zezimboni. Nokho, banezici ezihlukene ezibenza bahluke ezicini ezihlukahlukene. Ake sihlole umehluko wabo ngokuningiliziwe kuzo zonke izilinganiso eziningi.

Izakhiwo

ukubukeka

I-Potassium cyanide ibonakala njengezigaxa eziqinile eziyindilinga ezimhlophe, kuyilapho i-sodium cyanide ibonakala ngesimo sezinhlayiya ezimhlophe zekristalu noma impushana. Ukwengeza, i-potassium cyanide ikhipha iphunga le-alimondi elibabayo elincane, elingase libe isici esicashile kodwa esibalulekile sokuhlonza. I-sodium cyanide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ine-hygroscopic ephezulu futhi ibonisa izakhiwo ezigqwalayo, okwenza kudingeke ukugcinwa nokusingatha ngokuqapha okukhulu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa komswakama kanye nokulimala okungaba khona ezitsheni zokugcina.

I-Melting Point

Mayelana namaphuzu ancibilikayo, i-potassium cyanide inephuzu lokuncibilika elicishe libe ngu-634.5°C, kuyilapho. I-Sodium Cyanide incibilika cishe ku-563.7°C. Lo mehluko kumaphuzu okuncibilika ungathonya ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwawo ezilungiselelweni zezimboni lapho ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile.

solubility

Mayelana ne-solubility, i-potassium cyanide incibilika kalula emanzini kanye ne-glycerol, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe emanzini. I-sodium cyanide, ngokuphambene, ikhombisa ukuncibilika ku-ammonia ewuketshezi ne-ethanol, ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali athile kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezidinga lezi zinyibilikisi.

Ubuningi

Ukuminyana kwalezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili nakho kuyahlukahluka, ne-potassium cyanide enesisindo esingu-1.52 g/cm³ futhi I-sodium cyanide iminyene cishe ku-1.60 g/cm³. Lo mehluko wokuminyana ungaba nomthelela ekuphathweni, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinqubo zokuxutshwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Impahla yezolimo

Ukusebenzisana kabusha nezinye izinto

Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, i-potassium cyanide isabela nama-asidi ukuze ikhiqize igesi enobuthi kakhulu ye-hydrogen cyanide, ukusabela okumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwalesi sithako esibulalayo. I-Sodium cyanide, lapho itholakala ku- I-Carbon i-dioxide, ibola kancane kancane, isici esithinta ukugcinwa kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Potassium cyanide ikhipha ukushisa lapho isabela emanzini, okungaba yingozi uma kungaphathwa kahle. I-Sodium cyanide, uma ixutshwe nama-oxidizer anamandla, ingaholela ekuphenduleni okuqhumayo, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zokuphatha eziqinile.

Izicelo

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium cyanide ne-sodium cyanide kwehluka kakhulu. I-Potassium cyanide ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi embonini ye-electroplating, lapho idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi nokuqina kwezingubo zensimbi. Iphinde isebenze njengendawo ephakathi ku-organic synthesis, enomthelela ekukhiqizeni izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ze-organic. Ukwengeza, i-potassium cyanide ihilelekile ekulungiseleleni i-ferriama-cyanides, enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithombeni nakwezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali.

I-sodium cyanide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide. Ikhono layo lokwenza izakhiwo ezizinzile ngama-ion egolide liyenza ibe i-reagent ebalulekile emisebenzini yezimayini yegolide kanye nokucwengwa. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni ama-nitriles, okuyizingqimba ezibalulekile zokwakha amakhemikhali amaningi, amapulasitiki, kanye nemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sodium cyanide iyasebenza embonini yezemithi, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha

Ukuphatha nokugcina

Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenza nakho kokubili i-potassium cyanide kanye ne-sodium cyanide ngenxa yobuthi bazo obudlulele. I-Potassium cyanide ivamise ukupakishwa ezigubhu zensimbi ezivaliwe ukuvikela ukuvuza nokuchayeka. Kufanele ithuthwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho yamakhemikhali ayingozi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudinga izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ukuvikela abasebenzi ekuchayekeni. Uma kwenzeka ukuthintana kwesikhumba ne-potassium cyanide, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha kuyadingeka njengoba kungaholela ngokushesha ebuthi. Ukuphuza ngisho nenani elincane kungaba yingozi.

I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama kanye nokuwohloka. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela ukulimala kweziqukathi, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuvuza kungaholela ekungcoleni kwemvelo futhi kubangele ubungozi obukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Esimeni sokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide, kunezinqubo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezijwayelekile okufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni nokuphepha kwabantu. Ukuhogela umoya we-sodium cyanide kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula, futhi kubangela ingozi enkulu yokungcoliswa kwemvelo uma kungalawulwa kahle.

Sengiphetha, nakuba i-potassium cyanide ne-sodium cyanide zihlanganyela isici esivamile sobuthi obudlulele, umehluko wazo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuziphatha kwamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha zinkulu. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuphephile nangempumelelo ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni. Zombili lezi zinhlanganisela zidinga ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho eqinile, ukuphatha ngokucophelela, nokuphathwa okufanele ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi, kuvikelwe impilo yabantu, futhi kuvikelwe imvelo.