Iqhaza Le-Leaching Aids Ekukhishweni Kwegolide Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Cyanide leaching sekuyisikhathi eside iyindlela ehamba phambili ekukhishweni kwegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ayinazo izinselelo zayo, njengesidingo sezikhathi ezinde zokukhishwa, ziphakeme i-cyanide ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuba khona kwamaminerali aphikisayo angavimbela ukuchithwa kwegolide. Lapha kulapho Izinsiza zokuvuza ngena ukudlala. Izinsiza zokugezela ziyizinto ezengezwe esixazululweni se-cyanide leaching ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumbiwa kwegolide, okuhlinzeka ngendlela esebenza kahle nebiza kakhulu - indlela ephumelelayo yokumba igolide.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Leaching Aids

Ukwandisa I-Oxygen Encibilikile

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yezinsiza eziningi zokuvuza ukwandisa okuqukethwe komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide. Ukuze igolide lincibilike ezixazululweni ze-cyanide, i-oxygen iyadingeka njenge-oxidizing ejenti ukuze kube lula ukucwiliswa kwegolide kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo okulandelanayo nama-ion e-cyanide. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, umoya-mpilo ophuma emoyeni uvamise ukunganeli, okukhawulela izinga igolide elincibilika ngalo. Izinsiza zokukhipha amanzi njengama-peroxides nama-persulfate zingabhidlika futhi zikhulule umoya-mpilo, okuqinisekisa ukugcwala okuphezulu komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe odaka. Isibonelo, i-hydrogen peroxide iyabola ukuze inikeze umthombo owengeziwe womoya-mpilo wokusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide.

Ukwakha Amaseli E-Galvanic (Usawoti Wensimbi Osindayo)

Ama-salts athile ensimbi esindayo, njengosawoti omthofu, IMERCURY usawoti, kanye nosawoti we-bismuth, kungasebenza njengezinsiza zokuvuza ngokwakha amaseli e-galvanic endawo. Uma zengezwe ku-cyanide slurry, lezi zinsimbi ezisindayo zibeka phezu kwezinhlayiya zegolide. Lokhu kudala umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwegolide nensimbi esindayo efakiwe, okusheshisa ukuqedwa kwegolide. Igolide lisebenza njenge-anode lapho kwenzeka khona i-oxidation, futhi indawo eboshwe ngensimbi enzima isebenza njenge-cathode. Le nqubo ye-electrochemical - efana ne-electrochemical isheshisa ngokuphawulekayo izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide.

Ukususwa Kwe-Chelation kanye Nokungcola

Ezinye izinsiza zokugezela zingabopha noma zisuse ukungcola okukhona entsheni okungase kuphazamise inqubo yokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide. Kuma-ore aqukethe ama-ion ensimbi njengethusi, i-zinc, insimbi, lokhu kungcola kungasabela nge-cyanide, kudle futhi kunciphise inani elitholakalayo lokuncibilika kwegolide. Ama-Chelating agents ezinsizakalweni ze-leaching akha izakhiwo ezizinzile nalawa ma-ion angcolile, awagcine kude futhi avimbele ukusabela kwawo nge-cyanide. Lokhu akunciphisi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwenqubo yokucwiliswa kwegolide.

Izinhlobo Zezinsiza Zokugezisa Nezindima Zazo Eziqondile

Ama-oxidizing Agents

1.Ama-Peroxides

• hydrogen peroxide: I-hydrogen peroxide ingenye yezinsiza ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ze-oxidizing leaching. Ingakhuphula ngokushesha okuqukethwe komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide. Ezisetshenziswa zezimboni, ukwengeza i-hydrogen peroxide ohlelweni lokucwilisa i-cyanide kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokucwilisa. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimayini zegolide, isikhathi sokuvuza singancishiswa size sifike ku-50% lapho i-hydrogen peroxide isetshenziswa njengosizo lokuvuza. Kuyasiza futhi ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide njengoba i-oxidation ethuthukisiwe yegolide ivumela ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwe-cyanide.

• I-calcium peroxide: I-calcium peroxide iwusizo ikakhulukazi kuma-ore anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule. Ibola kancane kune-hydrogen peroxide, inikeza ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo komoya-mpilo. Ukwengeza, kunganciphisa ukubola kwe-cyanide nge-sulphur - equkethe amaminerali. Kumatshe egolide e-sulphur ephezulu, ukusebenzisa i-calcium peroxide njengensiza yokucwilisa kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwegolide ngo-10 - 15% uma kuqhathaniswa nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide yendabuko.

• I-Barium peroxide: I-Barium peroxide inendawo eyingqayizivele yokunikeza ukukhululwa kancane futhi okuzinzile komoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukugcwala okuphezulu njalo kwe-oxygen encibilikile odongeni isikhathi eside. Izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide likhuphuka ngokuhambisana nokwenyuka kwe-barium peroxide, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuhlala kuzinzile. Kulula futhi ukulungiselela nokufaka isicelo emisebenzini yezimayini engokoqobo.

2.Ama-Persulfates

• Ama-Persulfate ama-oxidizing agents aqinile. Uma zengezwe ohlelweni lwe-cyanide leaching, ziyaphuka ukuze zenze ama-radicals e-sulfate asebenzayo kakhulu. Lawa ma-radicals angakwazi ukukhipha igolide ngempumelelo kakhulu kunomoya-mpilo wamangqamuzana, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezinga legolide le-leaching. Kwezinye izimo, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide linganyuswa lifike ku-8 - ngokuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa kwe-cyanide evamile enomoya njengomthombo womoya-mpilo.

I-Heavy Metal Salts

1.Usawoti Wokuhola

• Usawoti omthofu usetshenziswa kakhulu ekulethweni kwe-cyanide. Kuma-ores aqukethe amaminerali e-sulfide afana ne-pyrite ne-arsenopyrite, lawa mamineral angasabela nge-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, awadle futhi anciphise ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide. Usawoti omthofu ungenza ungqimba oludlulayo phezu kwamaminerali e-sulfide, avimbele ukusabela kwawo nge-cyanide nomoya-mpilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhola kungakha iseli ye-galvanic enegolide, ekhuthaza ukuchithwa kwegolide. Embonini yaseCanada ye-cyanide, ngokungeza usawoti omthofu kanye nokugcina ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikile ngendlela efanele, imiphumela emibi yamaminerali e-sulfide ku-cyanidation yanqotshwa ngempumelelo, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwegolide ngo-10 - 15%.

2.I-Mercury ne-Bismuth Salts

• Usawoti we-Mercury kanye nosawoti we-bismuth nawo angasebenza njengama-accelerator ku-cyanide leaching. Ngokufana nosawoti oholayo, angakha amangqamuzana e-galvanic ngegolide, athuthukise izinga lokugeleza. Nokho, ngenxa ubuthi Mercury kanye nezindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa ze-bismuth, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kulinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nosawoti omthofu. Kodwa kwezinye izimo lapho insimbi inezakhiwo ezihlukile, lawa masawoti asengabhekwa njengezinsiza ezisebenzayo zokuleaching.

Ama-Chelating Agents kanye nabanye

1.Citric Acid

• I-Citric acid ingasetshenziswa njenge-leaching aid in Ukukhishwa kwegolide kwe-cyanide. Kuma-ore aqukethe ama-ion ensimbi njengethusi, i-zinc, insimbi, la ma-ion angadla i-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, ehlisa ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide. I-citric acid ingabopha nalawa ma-ion ensimbi, enze izinkimbinkimbi ezizinzile. Isibonelo, yakha i-copper - citrate complex. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide nomoya-mpilo ngala ma-ion angcolile kodwa futhi kusiza ekuhlakazeni amaminerali e-ganggue, kuthuthukise indawo yonke yokucwilisa. Kwezinye izivivinyo zaselabhorethri, ukwengeza i-citric acid esixazululweni se-cyanide leaching kwandisa ukutholakala kwegolide ngo-5 - 10%.

2.Ammonia - Inhlanganisela esekelwe

• Kwezinye izimo, ama-compounds asekelwe ku-ammonia angasetshenziswa njengezinsiza zokukhipha amanzi, ikakhulukazi kuma-ores aqukethe ithusi - amaminerali egolide. I-Ammonia ingenza ama-complexes ane-ion yethusi, inciphise ukuphazanyiswa kwethusi ku-cyanide leaching yegolide. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso se-ammonia - cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching, kungenzeka ukuncibilikisa igolide ngokukhetha kuyilapho unciphisa ukuchithwa kwethusi, okuzuzisa izinqubo ezilandelayo zokubuyisela igolide.

Amacala Ohlelo Lokusebenza

1.Emayini Yegolide e-Australia

• Imayini ibilungisa igolide legolide elisezingeni eliphansi neliphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-hydrogen peroxide nosawoti omthofu njengezinsiza zokuvuza, kwaba nentuthuko enkulu. Izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lenyuke ngo-8 - 10% uma liqhathaniswa nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide evamile. Ukwengezwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kwanikeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, okwandisa ukugeleza kwegolide, kuyilapho usawoti omthofu uvimbela umthelela omubi wamaminerali e-sulfide. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide nakho kwehliswe cishe ngama-20%, okuholele ekongeni kwezindleko ezibalulekile.

2.Imayini Yegolide YaseShayina Ebhekene Nezinsimbi Eziyinkimbinkimbi

• Insimbi kule mayini yayinamazinga aphezulu ethusi nensimbi. Ngokusebenzisa i-citric acid njengosizo lwe-leaching ohlelweni lwe-cyanide leaching, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide likhuphuke lisuka ku-70% laya ku-78%. I-Citric acid eboshwe ngethusi ne-iron ions, inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwayo ekuphenduleni kwegolide - i-cyanide. Isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwamanzi naso sancishiswa kancane, okwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa okuphelele komsebenzi wokumba.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokukhetha nokusebenzisa Izinsiza-Leaching

1.Izici ze-Ore

• Ukwakheka kwe-ore kubalulekile ekunqumeni insiza efanelekile yokucwilisa. Kumatshe esibabule aphezulu, ama-oxidizing agents afana ne-calcium peroxide noma i-barium peroxide angase afaneleke kakhulu njengoba engakwazi ukunikeza umoya-mpilo kuphela kodwa futhi enciphisa umthelela omubi wesibabule. Kuma-ores anamazinga aphezulu e-ion yensimbi engcolile, ama-chelating agents afana ne-citric acid noma ama-compounds asekelwe e-ammonia kufanele acatshangelwe.

2.Izindleko - ukusebenza kahle

• Izindleko zosizo lwe-leaching, okuhlanganisa nenani lokuthenga, ezokuthutha, nendawo yokugcina impahla, zidinga ukucutshungulwa. Ezinye izinsiza-leaching, ezifana nosawoti othile we-bismuth, zingase zisebenze kodwa zibize kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokutholwa kwegolide kudinga ukushaywa. Ukwengeza, ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kanye nesikhathi sokuvuza ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokugezela kufanele nakho kufakwe kuzindleko - ukuhlaziywa kokuphumelela.

3.Umthelela Wezemvelo

• Njengoba i-cyanide leaching isivele inokukhathazeka kwezemvelo ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, ukukhethwa kosizo lokucwilisa kufanele futhi kubhekwe umthelela wayo kwezemvelo. Isibonelo, amanye ama-oxidizing agents angakhiqiza - imikhiqizo edinga ukuphathwa kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwe i-mercury usawoti, nakuba usebenza kwezinye izimo, uvinjelwe kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi babo obukhulu kanye nobungozi bemvelo.

Isiphetho

Izinsiza zokukhipha amanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwegolide le-cyanide. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwiliswa kwamanzi ngokwandisa ukutholakala kwegolide, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwamanzi, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsiza zokugezela, izindlela zazo zokusebenza, kanye nendlela yokukhetha ezifanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezicini zensimbi, abavukuzi begolide bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo. Njengoba isidingo segolide siqhubeka sikhula, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza-leaching ekucwilisweni kwe-cyanide cishe kuzosakazeka kakhulu, kube nesandla emikhubeni eqhubekayo yokumba igolide.