Iyini inqubo ye-sodium thiosulfate ekwelapheni ubuthi be-cyanide?

Ubuthi be-cyanide yisimo esibucayi futhi esisongela ukuphila esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. I-sodium thiosulfate ingenye yemithi ebalulekile esetshenziswa ekwelapheni Ubuthi beCyanide. Lesi sihloko sizohlola inqubo enemininingwane yokuthi kanjani Isodium Thiosulfate isebenza ukulwa nemiphumela ye i-cyanide.

Ukuqonda Ubuthi beCyanide

I-Cyanide iyinto enobuthi kakhulu. Uma ingena emzimbeni, isheshe ihlukaniseke ibe yi-cyanide ions (CN⁻). Lawa ma-ion anokusondelana okuphezulu kwe-ferric ion (Fe³⁺) ku-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula. Ngokubophezela ku-cytochrome oxidase, i-cyanide ivimbela uchungechunge lokuthutha lwe-electron, ivimbele amaseli ekusebenziseni umoya-mpilo ngokuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukukhiqiza i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), imali yamandla engqamuzana, okuholela ekufeni kwamangqamuzana ngokushesha. Izimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide zingahlanganisa ikhanda, isiyezi, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuquleka, nokufa.

Iqhaza Le-Sodium Thiosulfate Ekwelapheni

Indlela Yokusebenza

I-sodium thiosulfate isebenza njengomnikeli wesulfure. Lapho kukhona i-enzyme rhodanese, ekhona esibindini nakwezinye izicubu, i-sodium thiosulfate isabela nama-ion cyanide. I-athomu yesibabule evela ku-sodium thiosulfate idluliselwa ku-ion ye-cyanide, iguqule ibe yi-thiocyanate (SCN⁻). I-Thiocyanate inobuthi obuncane kakhulu kune-cyanide futhi ingakhishwa ngokuphepha emzimbeni ngezinso.

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungamelwa kanje:

CN⁻ + Na₂S₂O₃ → SCN⁻ + Na₂SO₃

Le nqubo yokuguqula isiza ukunciphisa ukugcwala kwama-ion anobuthi e-cyanide emzimbeni, okuvumela ukuphefumula kwamaselula okuvamile ukuthi kuqale kabusha.

Ukuphatha Ekwelashweni

Lapho welapha ubuthi be-cyanide, i-sodium thiosulfate ivamise ukulawulwa ngomthambo. Kubantu abadala, umthamo wokuqala ojwayelekile ngu-12.5 - 25 amagremu (imvamisa njengesixazululo esingu-25% - 50%). Lokhu kuvame ukulandelwa imithamo eyengeziwe njengoba kudingeka, kuye ngokuthi ubuthi bungakanani kanye nokusabela kwesiguli. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimo, umthamo wesibili wama-25 - 50 amagremu (isixazululo esingu-50%) unganikezwa, noma umthamo ungabalwa ngokusekelwe kwesisindo somzimba wesiguli ku-0.5 - 1 igremu ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba.

Ezinganeni, umthamo ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwesisindo somzimba, ngokuvamile ku-250 - 500 milligrams kilogram. Umuthi unikezwa kancane ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi engaba khona njenge-hypotension (umfutho wegazi ophansi), okungenzeka uma ujovwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Inhlanganisela Nokunye Ukwelashwa

I-sodium thiosulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ubuthi be-cyanide. Enye yezinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu i-nitrites, njenge-sodium nitrite noma i-amyl nitrite. Ama-nitrites asebenza ngokuguqula i-hemoglobin ibe yi-methemoglobin. I-Methemoglobin inokuhlobana okuphezulu kwama-ion e-cyanide kune-cytochrome oxidase. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-methemoglobin yakheka emzimbeni, ama-ion e-cyanide azonamathela kuwo, akhiphe i-cytochrome oxidase futhi avumele ukuphefumula kwamaselula ukuthi kuqale futhi. Kodwa-ke, i-cyanide - methemoglobin complex ayizinzile, futhi i-cyanide ingadedelwa ibuyele egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yilapho i-sodium thiosulfate ingena khona. Ngokuguqula i-cyanide ekhishwe ku-cyanide - i-methemoglobin ibe i-thiocyanate, i-sodium thiosulfate inikeza isisombululo sesikhathi eside sokususa i-cyanide emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwama-nitrites, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo nazo zinikezwa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo okugeleza okuphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulethwa komoyampilo ezicutshini, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula izimpawu ezifana nokuquleka, i-hypotension, nokungalingani kwesisekelo se-asidi okuvamise ukuhambisana nobuthi be-cyanide.

Ukuqapha Nokulandelela - up

Ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-sodium thiosulfate nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ubuthi be-cyanide, iziguli zidinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bazohlola izimpawu ezibalulekile njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, izinga lokuphefumula, nokugcwala komoyampilo njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kwenziwe ukukala amazinga e-cyanide, i-thiocyanate, nezimpawu zokulimala kwezicubu. Ukwengeza, isimo sezinzwa zesiguli sizobhekwa eduze, njengoba ubuthi be-cyanide bungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela nakho kubalulekile. Ngisho noma isiguli sibonakala silulama ekuqaleni, kungase kube nemiphumela yesikhathi eside njengokushoda kwezinzwa noma ukulimala kwesitho. Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nezinyathelo ezifanele zokubuyisela kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ongcono kakhulu ongakhona wesiguli.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium thiosulfate idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni ubuthi be-cyanide ngokuguqula ama-ion e-cyanide anobuthi abe yi-thiocyanate engenabuthi. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kuhlangene nezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokuqapha okufanele, kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda nokululama ezigulini ezinoshevu we-cyanide.