Izinyathelo Eziphuthumayo Zokuphendula Ngokuvuza Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Emanzini

1. Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu. Uma ivuza emanzini, ingabangela ukulimala okukhulu endaweni ezungezile nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo izinyathelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula izindlela zokusingatha izimo eziphuthumayo ze i-sodium cyanide ukuvuza emanzini ngokuningiliziwe.

2. Ukulawulwa Kwesayithi Nesexwayiso

2.1. Ngaphambi Kokufika Kwamaqembu Ochwepheshe

Uma kwenzeka I-Sodium Cyanide ukuvuza emanzini ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukugcinwa, uma abasebenzi bendawo benamathuluzi noma izinyathelo zokuxhuma ezisebenzayo futhi bengaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo, kufanele benze imisebenzi yokuxhuma ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze balawule ivolumu yokuvuza. Kodwa-ke, uma zingekho izimo ezinjalo, kufanele babike ngokushesha ingozi futhi babe nesibopho sokusetha isexwayiso endaweni yengozi.

Ngokohlelo lwango-2000 lweNorth American Chemical Rescue Guide, lapho inani elikhulu (ngaphezu kwama-200 kg) I-sodium cyanide ukuvuza emanzini, irediyasi yokuhlukaniswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwama-95 m. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzi abasebenza esizeni badinga ukusungula indawo yesixwayiso engaba ngu-500 - 10000 m ngokwevolumu yokuvuza ye-sodium cyanide, isimo sokusabalalisa, kanye nendawo ethintekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlela abasebenzi ukuthi bamise izexwayiso ngasogwini lolwandle lwemifula noma eduze namachibi, futhi bavimbele ngokuqinile yonke imisebenzi efana nokungenisa amanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, nokudoba.

2.2. Ngemva kokufika kwamaQembu Ochwepheshe

Uma umnyango wezicishamlilo noma ithimba elisebenza ezimeni eziphuthumayo lifika endaweni yesigameko, lizothatha umsebenzi wokulawula indawo. Bazophinde bahlole isimo, baqinise indawo yokuqwashisa, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi akukho basebenzi abangagunyaziwe noma izimoto ezingena endaweni. Bazophinde basebenzise izinto zokusebenza ezichwepheshile ukuze bathole ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kanye nebanga lokusabalalisa, ukuze banikeze isisekelo sezinyathelo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo.

3. Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo - up

3.1. Izithiyo zokwakha

Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala ekuhlanzeni imvelo - up ukwakha imigoqo. Isibonelo, ukwakhiwa komfula - ukuvimba idamu eduze komfula kungavimbela amanzi omfula angcolile ukuthi agelezele ezansi nomfula, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ubungako bokunukubezeka. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi abasebenzi abasesikhungweni banqume ngokushesha indawo efanele yokwakha idamu ngokwendawo kanye nezimo zokugeleza kwamanzi.

3.2. I-Chemical Neutralization

Ngemva kokwakha umgoqo, isinyathelo esilandelayo wukunciphisa ama-ion e-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Inani elikhulu le-quicklime (i-calcium oxide) noma i-calcium hypochlorite ingafakwa emanzini angcolile. Lezi zinto zingasabela nge-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuze zinciphise ama-ion e-cyanide futhi zinciphise ubuthi bazo. Inani lamakhemikhali angeziwe lidinga ukunqunywa ngokuya ngezinga lokungcola kanye nomthamo womzimba wamanzi angcolile. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzi abangochwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo bazobala futhi baqondise ukusebenza.

Uma ukungcola kubi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke uvule umsele omusha okhuphuka nomfula ukuze uchezukise amanzi ahlanzekile ukusuka phezulu ukuze adlule indawo engcolile. Le ndlela inganciphisa amanzi angcolile futhi inciphise ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini ngezinga elithile.

3.3. Ukwelashwa kweMicro - encibilikayo noma i-Insoluble Cyanide - equkethe Izinto

Uma into evuzayo iwuketshezi lwe-nitrile oluncibilikayo noma olungancibiliki (njengezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanganisela ze-nitrile), izinyathelo ezihlukene kufanele zithathwe ngokuya ngokuminyana kwayo.

Ezintweni ezinomthamo omkhulu kunowamanzi (njenge-phenylacetonitrile), ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, umsele weqoqo noma umgodi kufanele umbiwe phansi nomfula endaweni evuzayo ngaphansi komfula noma ichibi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-dike kufanele yakhiwe phansi komsele wokuqoqa noma umgodi ukuvimbela ukuvuza ukuthi kugeleze phansi.

Ezintweni ezinomthamo ongaphansi kwalowo wamanzi (njenge-valeronitrile, phenylacetonitrile), idikhi, idamu, inethi yokuhlunga, noma uthango oluntantayo kufanele zakhiwe ngokushesha ezansi nomfula ovuzayo ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yamanzi angcolile.

4. Ukutholwa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi

Ukutholwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi njalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Izisebenzi zokuhlola kudingeka zisebenzise izinto zokuhlola ezichwepheshile ukuze zithole njalo izinga lamanzi lendawo engcolile. Inhloso eyinhloko ukunquma ububanzi bokungcoliswa kwe-cyanide emanzini.

Uma ukugxiliswa okutholiwe kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kudlula izinga endaweni enkulu kunokulindelekile, kungase kudingeke ukuba kwandiswe indawo yokuxwayisa ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwendawo ezungezile nabantu. Ukutholwa kwezinga lamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube yilapho izinga lamanzi libuyela kwejwayelekile futhi lihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele zemvelo.

5. Izindlela zokuqapha

5.1. Ukuvikelwa Komuntu

Bonke abasebenzi abasendaweni, okuhlanganisa abaphenduli bokuqala, izisebenzi zokuhlanza, nabahloli bekhwalithi yamanzi, kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphefumula komoya, amasudi okuvikela amakhemikhali avalelwe ngokugcwele, kanye namagilavu ​​amelana namakhemikhali. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvimbeleni isikhumba ukuthi singahlangani namanzi angcolile, njengoba i-sodium cyanide ingamuncwa esikhumbeni futhi ibangele ubuthi.

5.2. Ukugwema Ukungcola Kwesibili

Phakathi nenqubo yokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu ukugwema ukungcola kwesibili. Isibonelo, amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanza kufanele aqoqwe kahle futhi aphathwe kahle. Akufanele ikhishelwe ngokuqondile kwezinye izindawo zamanzi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Yonke imfucuza, njengezinto ezimuncayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ukuvuza, kufanele futhi ilahlwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide.

5.3. Ulwazi Lomphakathi Nokuxhumana

Kuyadingeka ukwazisa umphakathi ngesikhathi mayelana nengozi yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezinyathelo zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Umphakathi kufanele waziswe ukuthi ungawasebenzisi amanzi angcolile futhi ungadli izinhlanzi ezidotshwe endaweni engcolile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqapha kwemithombo yamanzi kufanele kuqiniswe, amasampula kufanele athathwe njalo futhi ezindaweni ezimisiwe, futhi imiphumela yokuqapha kufanele imenyezelwe ngesikhathi ukuze kukhululwe ukwethuka komphakathi nokugcina uzinzo emphakathini.

Sengiphetha, lapho i-sodium cyanide ivuza emanzini, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziphuthumayo zesayensi nezisebenzayo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Ngokulawulwa kwendawo, ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo, ukutholwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, nokusebenzisa ngokuqinile izinyathelo zokuphepha, umonakalo obangelwa ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide ungancishiswa ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo nempilo yomphakathi.