Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni ezifana nezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha nokulahlwa kwayo ngendlela engafanele kungaholela ekungcolisweni okukhulu kwemvelo futhi kube yingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu nasezinhlelweni zemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo I-sodium cyanideUkulawulwa kokungcola ubuchwepheshe sebuphenduke indawo ebalulekile yocwaningo nokwenza.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zendabuko Zokungcoliswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

I-Alkaline Chlorination

Ukufaka i-chlorination ye-alkaline kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide. Kule nqubo, ama-compounds aqukethe i-chlorine noma i-chlorine (njenge-sodium hypochlorite) ayengezwa emanzini angcolile ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline. Ukusabela kwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized ibe yi-cyanogen chloride, bese i-cyanogen chloride i-hydrolyzes ukuze yakhe i-cyanate. Ekugcineni, ama-ion e-cyanate aphinde afakwe i-hydrolyze ukuze akhiqize i-ammonia kanye I-CarbonAma-ates. Inqubo yendabuko ye-alkaline chlorination ngokuvamile idinga i-pH ephezulu engaba ngu-10.5 kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokunciphisa i-oxidation (ORP) elingu-+ 600 mV. Kodwa-ke, kuyinqubo edinga amakhemikhali amaningi, edla inani elikhulu le-sodium hypochlorite. Isibonelo, cishe amalitha angu-23 esisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite esingu-12.5% ​​ayadingeka ukuze kubhujiswe i-ounce elilodwa le-cyanide.

Ukwelashwa Kwebhayoloji

Ukwelashwa kwe-biological ye-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-microorganisms athile. Amabhaktheriya e-Aerobic afana ne-Pseudomonas, i-Alcaligenes, ne-Achromobacteria angakwazi ukwenza i-cyanide ibe yi-cyanate. Kamuva, i-cyanate ion iguqulwa ngokwebhayoloji ibe yi-ammonia ne-bicarbonate. Le ndlela iyasebenza uma ukugxila kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile kuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kudinga ukulawula ngokucophelela izimo zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, i-pH, nokuba khona kwemisoco efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula nokusebenza kwamagciwane.

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela ye-acidification iyindlela evamile yokwelapha i-cyanide egxilile - equkethe amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini zegolide ne-cyanide electroplating. Ngale ndlela, amanzi angcolile afakwa i-asidi ukuze akhiphe igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, engase iphinde itholakale noma iphinde iphathwe. Le ndlela inenzuzo yokukwazi ukubuyisela i-cyanide emanzini angcolile, kodwa idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide ekhishwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulawula ukungcoliswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Izinqubo Ezithuthukisiwe Ze-Oxidation (AOPs)

Izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe ze-oxidation, ezifana ne-ozone oxidation kanye ne-ultraviolet (UV) - i-oxidation eyenziwe nge-catalyzed, ibonise amandla amakhulu ekwelapheni I-Sodium Cyanide - amanzi angcolile. I-ozone oxidation ingabola ngempumelelo i-cyanide ibe izinto eziyingozi kancane. I-molecule ye-ozone isabela ne-cyanide, iphula izibopho zamakhemikhali futhi iguqule ibe yizinhlanganisela ezinzile. I-UV - i-catalyzed oxidation, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivamise ukusebenzisa ama-catalysts ahlanganiswe nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nama-oxidants njenge-hydrogen peroxide. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-UV - H₂O₂, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwenza i-hydrogen peroxide isebenze, ikhiqize ama-radicals e-hydroxyl asebenza kakhulu angehlisa ngokushesha i-cyanide. Lezi zinqubo ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zingafinyelela ukugxila okuphansi kwensalela ye-cyanide uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko.

I-Nanotechnology - Izindlela ezisekelwe

I-Nanotechnology ivela njengomkhakha othembisayo wokuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwe-cyanide. Ama-nanomatadium, njengama-nanocatalysts, angathuthukisa izinga lokusabela kwezinqubo zokuwohloka kwe-cyanide. Isibonelo, ama-nanocatalyst athile asekelwe ensimbi angakhuthaza ngokukhetha ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile. Ukwengeza, ulwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration lungasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa i-cyanide nokunye ukungcola emanzini. Lawa ma-membrane anezimbotshana ebangeni le-nanometer, okuvumela ukukhishwa ngempumelelo kwama-molecule amancane nama-ion, okuhlanganisa i-cyanide, kuyilapho egcina izinto ezibalulekile futhi kunciphisa umthamo wemfucuza ekhiqizwayo.

Amacala okusebenza we-Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

Embonini Yezimayini

Emayini yegolide, kuphi i-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukungcola bubaluleke kakhulu. Isibonelo, eminye imisebenzi yezimayini ngezinga elikhulu isebenzise inhlanganisela yokuxutshwa kwe-alkaline kanye nokwelashwa kwebhayoloji. Okokuqala, inqubo ye-alkaline chlorination isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cyanide ephezulu emanzini angcolile e-tailings ifike ezingeni elithile. Bese, amanzi angcolile aphinde aphathwe ngokwebhayoloji ukuze ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuchithwa kwemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-UV - catalyzed oxidation nayo iyazanywa. Izimayini ezisezindaweni ezizwelayo emvelweni zigqugquzelwa ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nobusebenza ngempumelelo bokulawula ukunukubezeka ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela ezindaweni ezizungezile.

Ekuhlanzeni Amanzi Angcolile Ezimbonini

Izimboni ze-Electroplating ezisebenzisa okugeza okusekelwe ku-cyanide nazo zikhiqiza amanani abalulekile e-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile. Izitshalo eziningi zesimanje ze-electroplating zifakile - izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile esizeni. Bavame ukusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokwelapha, eziqala ngemvula yezinsimbi ezinzima ezihambisana ne-cyanide complexes, okulandelwa ukubhujiswa kwe-cyanide yamahhala kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination noma izinqubo ze-oxidation ezithuthukisiwe. Ezinye izitshalo ziphinde zasebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha eziqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi angcolile acociwe ahlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula ngaphambi kokuthi akhishelwe ohlelweni lwendle noma emanzini angaphezulu.

Izinselele kanye Nemibono Yekusasa

Naphezu kokutholakala kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokulawula ukungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide, izinselele ezimbalwa zisekhona. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu yizindleko eziphezulu ezihambisana nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokwelapha, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo. Ukwengeza, ukwelashwa kwe-cyanide eyinkimbinkimbi - equkethe amanzi angcolile, angase aqukathe ingxube ye-cyanide compounds nokunye ukungcola, kudinga izindlela zokwelashwa ezisebenza kahle futhi ezihlukahlukene.

Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokuthuthukiswa kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko - ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe obukhona. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukwenziwa kahle kwezimo zokusabela, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-catalyst azinzile futhi asebenza kahle, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo zokwelashwa ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola imiqondo emisha nemisha yokwelapha, efana nokusetshenziswa kwamagciwane akhiwe ngofuzo ukucekelwa phansi kwe-cyanide okuthuthukisiwe noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ezinezici ezihlukile zokususwa kwe-cyanide, kunesithembiso esikhulu sokulawula ukungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Sengiphetha, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula ukungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide bubalulekile ekuvikeleni imvelo nempilo yabantu. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokusungulwa kwalezi zobuchwepheshe kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni esimeme kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.