Yiziphi iziqondiso neziqondiso zokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu. Ngenxa yobungozi bayo obukhulu, imithetho eqinile nemihlahlandlela kumele kulandelwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwayo ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi, kuvikelwe impilo yabantu, kuvikelwe imvelo.

1. Izidingo zesikhungo

1.1 Indawo yokubeka

• Ukuba Wedwa: I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokulondoloza ezinikele, eyodwa ehlukile kwamanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi lawo angasabela ngayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungaba khona okungaholela ekukhishweni kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Isibonelo, akufanele igcinwe eduze nama-acids njengokusabela phakathi I-sodium cyanide nama-acids angakhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu.

• Kude kusuka ezindaweni ezinabantu: Indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ibe kude nezindawo zokuhlala, izikole, izibhedlela nezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala enanini elikhulu labantu uma kwenzeka ukukhululwa ngengozi. Izindawo zezimboni ezinamabhafa afanele okuphepha ziyizindawo ezilungele ukugcinwa I-Sodium Cyanide.

1.2 Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo

• Isakhiwo Esiqinile: Isakhiwo sokugcina impahla kumele sakhiwe ngezinto eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside. Kufanele ikwazi ukumelana namandla angaphandle njengezinhlekelele zemvelo (isib. ukuzamazama komhlaba, imimoya enamandla) ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesakhiwo okungaholela ekuvuzeni i-sodium cyanide. Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe zivame ukuthandwa ngenxa yamandla azo nokuzinza.

• Izitezi Ezingangenisi Nezindonga: Iphansi kanye nezindonga zendawo yokugcina impahla kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingenasici. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuvuza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide uma kuchitheka futhi kuvikela isakhiwo emiphumeleni egqwalayo yamakhemikhali. I-Epoxy - iphansi nezindonga ezimboziwe zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinjalo zokugcina.

2. Imithetho Yesitsha Sokugcina

2.1 Impahla Yesitsha

• Ukuhambelana: Iziqukathi zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kumele zenziwe ngezinto ezihambisana nekhemikhali. Iziqukathi zensimbi zivame ukusetshenziswa njengoba zinokumelana kahle nemvelo egqwalayo ye-sodium cyanide. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka zimbozwe kahle noma zilayini ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala, okungase kuphazamise ubuqotho besitsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Seal Ubuqotho: Iziqukathi kufanele zibe nezivalo eziqinile noma ezivalekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena komswakamo nomoya, njengoba i-sodium cyanide i-hygroscopic futhi ingasabela ngomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrogen cyanide. Iziqukathi ezivalwe kabili noma lezo ezinamasistimu akhethekile we-gasket ziyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bophawu olukhulu.

2.2 Ukulebula Kwesitsha

• Sula Ukukhonjwa: Zonke iziqukathi ezigcina i-sodium cyanide kufanele zibhalwe ngokucacile igama lekhemikhali, "Sodium Cyanide," ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu, ezifundekayo. Ilebula kufanele futhi ifake nenombolo ye-CAS (143 - 33 - 9 ye-sodium cyanide) ukuze kube lula ukuhlonza kanye nereferensi ephambene esimweni esiphuthumayo.

• Izexwayiso Eziyingozi: Izexwayiso ezivelele zengozi kufanele ziboniswe kumalebula esiqukathi. Lezi zexwayiso kufanele zibandakanye ulwazi olumayelana nobuthi obudlulele bekhemikhali, amandla okuphuma kwegesi lapho uthintana namanzi, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo zokuphatha. Ama-pictograms amele ubuthi nobungozi kufanele nawo afakwe ngokuhambisana namazinga omhlaba njengalawo achazwe Uhlelo Lokuhlukaniswa Komhlaba Oluvumelanayo kanye Nokulebula Amakhemikhali (GHS).

3. Ukulawulwa Kwezimo Zemvelo

3.1 Izinga lokushisa kanye Nomswakama

• Imvelo Epholile Neyomile: I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni enezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo kanye nomswakama. Izinga lokushisa elifanele livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-15 - 25°C, kanti umswakama ohlobene kufanele ugcinwe ungaphansi kwama-60%. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angakhuphula izinga lanoma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka, kuyilapho umswakama ophezulu ungabangela i-sodium cyanide ukuthi imunce umswakama futhi iqale ukukhulula igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Amasistimu okupholisa umoya nawokuqeda umswakama angase afakwe endaweni yokugcina ukuze kugcinwe lezi zimo.

• ukupholisa: Ukungena komoya owanele kubalulekile endaweni yokugcina. Ukungenisa umoya kusiza ukususa noma iyiphi igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide okungenzeka ukuthi ivuzile futhi kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kwayo emazingeni ayingozi. Isistimu yokukhipha umoya kufanele yakhelwe ukukhipha umoya endaweni ephephile kude nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibucayi.

3.2 Ukuvikelwa Ekukhanyeni

• Ukukhanya - Isitoreji Esingazweli: Nakuba i-sodium cyanide ingazwela kakhulu ku-photosensitive, kusafaneleka ukuthi igcinwe endaweni evikelekile ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ukuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuwohloka okuthile kwamakhemikhali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungase kuthinte ukuqina kwawo futhi kwandise ingozi yokusabela okungafunwa. Ukusebenzisa iziqukathi zokugcina ezingacacile noma ukugcina ikhemikhali egumbini elinombala omnyama kungasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wokukhanya.

4. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nezokuphepha

4.1 Izinhlelo Zokuvikela

• Ukulawula Ukufinyelela: Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe nezinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ukungena. Izisebenzi ezigunyaziwe kuphela eziqeqeshwe ekuphatheni nasekugcinweni okufanele kwe-sodium cyanide okufanele zivunyelwe ukufinyelela endaweni. Amasistimu wamakhadi angukhiye, izilawuli zokufinyelela ze-biometric, noma onogada bangasetshenziswa ukuphoqelela lokhu.

• Amakhamera Wokubhekisisa: Ukufaka amakhamera okuqapha endaweni yokugcina kusiza ekuqapheni noma yimiphi imisebenzi engagunyaziwe. Amakhamera kufanele amboze zonke izindawo zokungena nokuphuma kanye nezindawo lapho kugcinwa khona i-sodium cyanide. Izithombe ezirekhodiwe kufanele zigcinwe isikhathi esanele (isb, okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30) ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo uma kwenzeka kuba khona izigameko.

4.2 Izinsizakusebenza Eziphuthumayo

• Izinsiza Zokuvikela (i-PPE): Ukunikezwa okwanele kwe-PPE efanele kufanele kutholakale kalula eduze nendawo yokugcina. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amasudi amelana namakhemikhali, amagilavu, amabhuzu, nemishini yokuphefumula equkethwe wena ngokwakho (SCBA). I-PPE kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi ihambisane namazinga okuphepha afanelekile. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwe-PPE kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo.

• Spill Response Kits: Izinsiza zokuphendula ukuchitheka kufanele zibe khona endaweni yokugcina. Lawa makhithi kufanele aqukathe izinto ezimuncayo, izinto ezinciphisa amandla (njengesixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite engasetshenziswa ukuqeda ukuchitheka okuncane kwe-sodium cyanide), namathuluzi okuhlanza okuchithekile. Amakhithi kufanele ahlolwe njalo futhi agcwaliswe kabusha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi asebenza kahle.

5. Ukulawula Ukuhambisana

5.1 Imithetho Yasekhaya, Kazwelonke kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe

• Ukuhambisana Nemithetho: Ukugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufanele kuhambisane nayo yonke imithetho yasekhaya, kazwelonke, neyamazwe ngamazwe. E-United States, isibonelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inemithetho ethile ephathelene nokugcinwa nokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi obuphezulu njenge-sodium cyanide. Le mithetho ihlanganisa izici ezinjengokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kwabasebenzi, ukulebula ngendlela efanele kwamakhonteyna, nokufakwa kwezinto zokuphepha.

• Izidingo Zokubika: Izinsiza ezigcina i-sodium cyanide zingadingeka ukuze zibike amazinga azo okusungula, izimo zokugcinwa, kanye nanoma yiziphi izigameko ezihlobene nekhemikhali kuziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula. Lokhu kubika kusiza iziphathimandla ukuthi ziqaphe futhi ziqinisekise ukugcinwa okuphephile nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide esifundeni sonke.

5.2 Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa

• Ukucwaningwa Kwamabhuku Kwangaphakathi: Izindawo zokugcina kufanele zenze ucwaningo lwangaphakathi njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izindlela zokugcina zihambisana nemithethonqubo emisiwe nemihlahlandlela. Lokhu kuhlola kungenziwa ithimba lezokuphepha lesikhungo futhi kufanele kufake izici ezifana nobuqotho beziqukathi, izimo zemvelo, kanye nokuba khona kwemishini yokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphandle: Iziphathimandla ezilawulayo zingenza ukuhlola kwangaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile izindawo zokugcina. Lokhu kuhlola okokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho nokuhlonza noma yiziphi izingcuphe zokuphepha ezingaba khona. Ukungathobeli imithetho kungaholela ezinhlawulweni ezibalulekile neminye imiphumela yezomthetho yendawo.