Izinqubo Zokusebenza Kokuphepha kwe-Sodium Cyanide kanye Nempendulo Ephuthumayo

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyikhemikhali enobuthi obukhulu futhi eyingozi esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obudlulele kanye namandla okulimaza kakhulu impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo, iqinile Ukusebenza kokuphepha izinqubo kanye ngempumelelo Impendulo ephuthumayo amapulani abaluleke kakhulu lapho uphatha le nto. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebanzi yezinqubo zokusebenza zokuphepha kanye nezinyathelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezihlobene I-sodium cyanide.

Izici ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iyikristalu eqinile emhlophe ene-alimondi epholile - njengephunga. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi yakha isisombululo se-alkaline esinamandla. Inobuthi obukhulu, futhi ngisho nenani elincane lingabulala uma lingenwa, lihogelwa, noma limuncwa esikhumbeni. Indlela yobuthi bayo

ijatshuliswe ikhono layo lokuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-cytochrome oxidase emangqamuzaneni, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana futhi kuholele ezimpawini ezinoshevu ngokushesha.

Izinqubo Zokusebenza Kokuphepha

Storage

1. Ukukhetha indawo: I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokugcina ezinikele, enomoya omuhle ehlukile kwamanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ama-asidi. Indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ibe sendaweni ephansi yethrafikhi futhi ibe kude nemithombo yokushisa, ukushisa kanye nomswakama.

2. Izidingo zesiqukathi: Kumele igcinwe ezitsheni ezivalwe ngokuqinile, ezingagqwali - ezimelana nezinto ezifana ne-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu noma insimbi enezingubo ezifanele. Iziqukathi kufanele zibhalwe ngokucacile igama lekhemikhali, izexwayiso zengozi, kanye nemiyalelo yokusingatha.

3. Ukuphathwa Kwokusungula: Gcina i-inventory enembile yenani le I-Sodium Cyanide endaweni yokugcina. Njalo hlola iziqukathi ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuvuza, ukugqwala, noma umonakalo.

Ukuphatha

1. Izinto zokuzivikela zomuntu siqu (i-PPE): Ukuphatha abasebenzi i-sodium cyanide kufanele igqoke i-PPE efanele, okuhlanganisa - amasudi amakhemikhali avalelwe ngokugcwele - amelana ngokugcwele, amagilavu ​​enziwe ngezinto ezifana nerabha ye-butyl noma irabha ye-nitrile, izibuko zokuphepha ezingazweli ngamakhemikhali, kanye nempahla yokuvikela ukuphefumula. Isivikelo sokuphefumula kufanele kube isisetshenziswa sokuphefumula esiziqukayo (SCBA) ezimeni lapho kunobungozi bokuhogela intuthu ye-cyanide noma uthuli.

2. Amasu okuphatha: Lapho udlulisa i-sodium cyanide, sebenzisa amathuluzi afanelekile njengama-scoopers noma amafaneli enziwe ngezinto ezingasasebenzi. Gwema ukukhiqiza uthuli ngesikhathi sokuphatha, njengoba izinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni zingahogela kalula. Ungalokothi usebenzise izandla ezingenalutho ukuze uthinte ikhemikhali. Yonke imisebenzi kufanele yenzelwa endaweni enentuthu enomoya omuhle noma endaweni enomoya osebenza kahle wokukhipha umoya.

3. Ukuvimbela ukuchitheka kwegazi: Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokubamba, qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ifakwe izinto zokulawula ukuchitheka ezifana namaphedi amuncayo, isihlabathi, noma ama-agent athambisayo. Yiba nohlelo lokuqukatha ukuchitheka endaweni futhi wazi indawo yeziteshi zokugeza amehlo eziphuthumayo kanye nezihlambi zokuphepha.

Transportation

1. Izidingo zemoto: I-sodium cyanide kufanele ihanjiswe ngezimoto eziklanyelwe futhi ezigunyazwe ukuthuthwa kwezinto eziyingozi. Izimoto kufanele zifakwe amasistimu okungenisa umoya afanele, izinto zokuvikela ukuchitheka kwamanzi, nezimpawu zokuphepha.

2. Amadokhumenti: Konke ukuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufanele kuhambisane nemibhalo enemininingwane, okuhlanganisa igama lekhemikhali, inani, imvelaphi, indawo okuyiwa kuyo, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana oluphuthumayo. Umzila wezokuthutha kufanele uhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe izindawo eziminyene nezindawo ezinezamukeli ezibucayi zemvelo.

Izinyathelo Eziphuthumayo Zokusabela

Uma kuvuza noma kuchitheka

1. Ukuphuma Ngokushesha khipha bonke abasebenzi abangabalulekile endaweni. Misa umjikelezo ozungeze indawo yokuchitheka ukuze uvimbele ukungena okungagunyaziwe.

2. Ukuqukethwe: Sebenzisa izinto zokulawula ukuchitheka ukuze uqukathe ukusabalala kwe-sodium cyanide echithekile. Izinto ezimuncwayo zingasetshenziswa ukucwilisa ukuchitheka koketshezi, kuyilapho isihlabathi noma ezinye izinto ezingasebenzi zingasetshenziswa ukuvala ukuchitheka okuqinile. Ungasebenzisi amanzi ukugeza ukuchitheka, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukwakheka kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enobuthi obudlulele.

3. Ukungathathi hlangothi: Ngokuchitheka okuncane, i-ejenti enciphisa amandla njenge-sodium hypochlorite ingasetshenziswa ukuguqula i-sodium cyanide ibe izinto ezinobuthi obuncane. Nokho, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ezilandela izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele.

4. Hlanza: Ngemuva kwe-neutralization, hlanza ngokucophelela into echithekile futhi uyibeke ezitsheni ezifanele, ezibhalwe ukuthi zizolahlwa. Indawo ehlanzekile kufanele ingcoliswe ngokuphelele, futhi yonke i-PPE namathuluzi asetshenziswa enqubweni yokuhlanza kufanele kuhlanzwe kahle futhi kungangcoliswa.

Uma kwenzeka ubuthi

1. Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo: Uma umuntu kusolakala ukuthi unoshevu we-sodium cyanide, susa isisulu endaweni engcolile umfake emoyeni omusha. Uma ikhemikhali ihlangene nesikhumba, susa izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza isikhumba ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu engu-15. Uma amehlo ethintekile, wageza ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Ungabangeli ukuhlanza.

2. Ukwelashwa: Shayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Isisulu singase sidinge ukwelashwa ngama-antidote afana ne-hydroxocobalamin noma i-sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze umuntu onobuthi asinde.

Umlilo ohlanganisa i-sodium cyanide

1. Indlela yokucima umlilo: Sebenzisa izicisha-mlilo zamakhemikhali omisiwe, isihlabathi, noma izicisha-mlilo ze-carbon dioxide ukuze ulwe nomlilo ohlanganisa i-sodium cyanide. Ungasebenzisi amanzi, njengoba ingasabela nge-sodium cyanide ukukhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Izicishamlilo kufanele zigqoke i-PPE ephelele, kuhlanganise ne-SCBA, futhi zisondele emlilweni zisuka phezulu.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwengozi: Gada emoyeni ukuze uthole igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide phakathi nangemuva komlilo. Phuma ezindaweni eziseduze uma ukugcwala kwegesi kudlula amazinga aphephile. Ngemuva kokuthi umlilo ucishiwe, hlola ngokucophelela umonakalo futhi uhlanze noma yiziphi izinsalela ngokuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo.

Ukuqeqeshwa Nemfundo

Bonke abasebenzi abangase bahlangane ne-sodium cyanide, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni, ezokuhamba, kanye namaqembu okuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo, kumele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile mayelana nezakhiwo, izinqubo zokusebenza zokuphepha, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kubandakanye izandla - ukuzijwayeza ukuphatha okuchithekile, ukusebenzisa i-PPE, kanye nokunikeza usizo lokuqala. Amarekhodi okuqeqeshwa kufanele agcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa komthetho.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali edinga ukuqapha okuphezulu nokubambelela ngokuqinile ezinkambisweni zokuphepha. Ngokulandela izimiso ezifanele zokugcinwa, ukuphatha, nezokuthutha, nokuba nezinhlelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezisebenzayo, izingozi ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide zingancishiswa. Ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa kwabasebenzi okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza ephephile kanye nokuvikela kokubili impilo yabantu kanye nendawo ezungezile ezingozini ezingaba khona zaleli khemikhali enobuthi obukhulu.