Izindlela Nezinqubo Zokukhipha Ubuthi Be-Cyanide Tailings

Isingeniso

I-Cyanide tailings yimfucuza eqinile ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuzuza izimayini zegolide nezinye izimayini. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama -cyanide asele kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, uma kungaphathwa kahle, kuzodala umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu. Ubuthi obuphezulu be- Cyanides bungasakazeka emoyeni, emanzini, nasenhlabathini, kungcolise indawo ezungezile futhi kubeke engcupheni ukusinda kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukuhlanza i -Cyanide Tailings . Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izindlela nezinqubo ze -Detoxification ze -cyanide tailings.

Izimpawu Nezingozi Ze-Cyanide Tailings

Ukwakheka kwemisila ye-cyanide kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwama-cyanides angaphenduliwe, aqukethe nezinsimbi ezinzima njengethusi, umthofu, i-zinc, ne-mercury. Lezi zinsimbi ezinzima kunzima ukwehlisa izinga endaweni yemvelo futhi zizonqwabelana isikhathi eside. I-Cyanides ingavimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme okuphefumula kumaseli ezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ekuphefumuleni nasekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, lapho amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide tailings ekhishelwa emifuleni, kuzodala inani elikhulu lokufa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini njengezinhlanzi, kucekele phansi ibhalansi yemvelo yamanzi. Lapho izinsimbi ezinzima zingena emzimbeni womuntu, zizonqwabelana ezithweni zabantu futhi zidale izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuthi bomthofu buthinta ukukhula kwesimiso sezinzwa, kanti ubuthi be-mercury bulimaza izinso nobuchopho.

Izindlela Zokukhipha Ubuthi

Indlela Ye-Chemical Oxidation

1. Indlela Yokukhipha I-Alkaline Chlorination : Lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokususa i-oxidation yamakhemikhali. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline (ngokuvamile inani le-pH lilawulwa ku-10 - 11), ama-oxidants afana negesi ye-chlorine noma ama-hypochlorite ayengezwa emisipheni ye-cyanide. Isimiso sayo sokuphendula simi kanje: Okokuqala, ama-ion e-cyanide (CN⁻) asuswa abe ama-ion e-cyanate (CNO⁻), kanti i-reaction equation yi-CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-cyanate ihlukaniswa ibe izinto ezingenabungozi njenge-nitrogen ne -Carbon dioxide ngaphansi kokukhipha i-oxidation okwengeziwe, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi izinga lokusabela lishesha kakhulu futhi umphumela wokukhipha i-detox usobala, kodwa ububi ukuthi ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana negesi yokukhipha i-chlorine zingase zikhiqizwe.

2. Indlela Yokuxova I-Hydrogen Peroxide : I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ingaxova i-cyanide futhi ibolise uma kukhona i-catalyst efanelekile. Ama-catalyst afana nama-ion e-ferrous (Fe²⁺) avame ukukhethwa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusabela, i-hydrogen peroxide iyabola ukuze ikhiqize ama-radical e-hydroxyl (·OH), anezakhiwo eziqinile kakhulu zokuxova futhi angaxova i-cyanide ngokushesha. I-equation yokusabela yi-CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Inzuzo yendlela yokuxova i-hydrogen peroxide ukuthi imikhiqizo ngemva kokubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide ngamanzi nomoya-mpilo, futhi akukho ukungcola okusha okungeniswayo, kodwa izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi izidingo zezimo zokusabela ziqinile kakhulu.

I-Biological Oxidation Method

1. Indlela Yokukhipha Ama-Microbial : Kusetshenziswa amanye ama-microorganism akhethekile, njenge-Thiobacillus ferroxidans. Lawa ma-microorganism angasebenzisa ama-cyanide njengemithombo ye-nitrogen ne-carbon ngesikhathi senqubo yawo yokukhula futhi awaxube futhi awabolise. Ngemisebenzi yawo ye-metabolic, ama-microorganism aguqula ama-cyanide abe izinto ezingenangozi njenge-carbon dioxide, amanzi, ne-ammonia. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi inobungani nemvelo futhi isebenzisa amandla aphansi, kodwa ububi ukuthi ukukhula kwama-microorganism kuthinteka kakhulu yizici zemvelo ezifana nokushisa kanye nenani le-pH, futhi umjikelezo wokwelashwa mude kakhulu.

2. Indlela ye-Biofilm : Ama-microorganism aqiniswe phezu komthwali ukuze akhe i-biofilm. Lapho i-cyanide tailings ihlangana ne-biofilm, ama-cyanide abhujiswa ama-microorganism. I-biofilm inamandla okumunca nokuwohloka, okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwama-microorganism kuma-cyanides. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokukhipha ama-microorganism, ama-microorganisms asendleleni ye-biofilm akulula ukuwalahla futhi anokuqina okuphezulu, kodwa futhi abhekene nenkinga yokuzwela ezimweni zemvelo.

Ezinye Izindlela

1. Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-High-Temperature Pyrolysis : I-Cyanide tailings ifakwa i-pyrolysis emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-800℃), kanti i-cyanide ihlukaniswa ibe amagesi afana ne-nitrogen ne-carbon monoxide. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-high-temperature pyrolysis ingasusa ama-cyanide ngempumelelo, kodwa idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi, futhi izinsimbi ezisindayo zingase ziwohloke ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, okwandisa ubunzima bokuphathwa kwegesi yomsila okulandelayo.

2. Indlela Yokuncela : Ama-Adsorbent afana ne -Activated Carbon kanye ne-zeolite asetshenziselwa ukuncela ama-cyanide. Ama-Adsorbent anendawo enkulu ethile futhi angancela ama-cyanide ebusweni bawo, ngaleyo ndlela afeze injongo yokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni. Indlela yokuncela ilula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa amandla okuncela ama-adsorbent alinganiselwe, futhi i-adsorbent idinga ukushintshwa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwe-adsorbent encela ama-adsorbent nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Inqubo Yokukhipha Ubuthi

Ukuqunjelwa

1. Ukuchoboza Nokuhlola : Ama-cynide tailings amakhulu ayachotshozwa ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wawo wezinhlayiya, ukuze ukusabela okulandelayo kokukhipha ubuthi kuqhubeke ngokugcwele. Ama-crusher avamile afaka ama-jaw crushers, ama-cone crushers, njll. Ama-cynide tailings achotshoziwe abe esehlolwa ngemishini yokuhlola njengezikrini ezidlidlizayo ukuze kuhlolwe izinhlayiya zobukhulu obuhlukene bezinhlayiya, okuhlinzeka ngezinto ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezifanele zokwelashwa okulandelayo.

2. Ukuhlanzwa : Ukuze kwenziwe ama-cyanide axhumane kangcono futhi asabele nge-reagent yokususa ubuthi, amanzi noma ezinye izinyibilikisi ezifanele zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza imisele ye-cyanide. Inqubo yokuhlanzwa yenziwa ethangini elivuselelwe, kanti izingxube kanye nesinyibilikisi kuxutshwa ngokuphelele ngokuxuba. Izici ezifana nesikhathi sokuhlanzwa, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesilinganiso soketshezi kuya kokuqinile kuzothinta umphumela wokuhlanzwa, futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka kulungiselelwe ngokwezimo zangempela.

Umsebenzi wokukhipha ubuthi

1. Inqubo Yokusebenza Yendlela Yokuxutshwa Kwamakhemikhali : Uma sithatha indlela ye-alkaline chlorination njengesibonelo, esixazululweni se-tailings ngemva kokukhipha, i-sodium hydroxide ifakwa kuqala ukuze kulungiswe inani le-pH yesisombululo libe ngu-10 - 11. Ngemuva kwalokho, igesi ye-chlorine ifakwa kancane kancane noma isixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite singezwa, bese kuhlanganiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kwenzeke ukusabela kuqhubeke ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusabela, ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide esixazululweni kudinga ukubhekwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kwehliswa kube ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esibekiwe, ukungezwa kwe-oxidant kuyamiswa.

2. Inqubo Yokusebenza Yendlela Yokuxova I-Biological Oxidation : Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokukhipha ama-microbial leaching, ama-Thiobacillus ferroxidans akhuliswe kahle kanye namanye ama-microorganism afakwa esisombululo sokukhipha ama-cyanide tailings. Izinga lokushisa lesistimu yokusabela lilawulwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokukhula obufanele bama-microorganisms (ngokuvamile angu-25 - 35℃), futhi inani le-pH lilungiswa libe nobubanzi obufanele (ngokuvamile u-2 - 4). Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusabela, izakhamzimba zidinga ukugcwaliswa njalo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhula kwama-microorganisms. Intuthuko yokusabela kokukhipha ama-microorganism ihlulelwa ngokuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kanye nokukhula kwama-microorganisms.

Ukwelashwa Okulandelayo

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqinile Noketshezi : Ngemva kokuba ukusabela kokukhishwa koketshezi sekuqediwe, imisele ephathwayo idinga ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile noketshezi. Izindlela ezivamile zokuhlukaniswa okuqinile noketshezi zifaka phakathi ukuhlunga kanye ne-centrifugation. Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuhlunga efana nokucindezela kwesihlungi sepuleti kanye nohlaka, imisele eqinile ihlukaniswa noketshezi. Uketshezi oluhlukanisiwe ludinga ukuhlolwa kabanzi ngokuqukethwe kwe-cyanide kanye nensimbi esindayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lungakhishwa ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa.

2. Ukulahlwa Kwezinsila : Ngemva kokukhipha ubuthi kanye nokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile, uma okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo ezinsileni kusephezulu, kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisa nokuzinzisa, futhi izinsila zixutshwa nezinto zokuqinisa ezifana nesamente kanye nelayimu ukuze kulungiswe izinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni oqinile futhi kuncishiswe ukuhamba kwazo endaweni ezungezile. Izinsila eziphathwe kahle zingagcwaliswa noma zisetshenziswe ngokuphelele ngokwezimo zangempela, njengokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokwakha.

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa kokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni wemisila ye-cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza. Izindlela ezihlukene zokuqeda ubuthi zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, izindlela ezifanele zokuqeda ubuthi nezinqubo kudingeka zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nezici zemisila ye-cyanide, izindleko zokwelashwa, kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuqeda ubuthi kanye nezinqubo zihlala zivela. Ngokuzayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe izindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezinobungani kwemvelo, kanye nezokukhipha ubuthi obungokomnotho ezinsaleni ze-cyanide, zinikeze izixazululo ezingcono ezinkingeni zemvelo ezilethwa umsila we-cyanide.