Isizinda Segolide Esingena-Cyanide: Ukwamukela Izindlela Ezihlukile Eziluhlaza

Isingeniso

Ukukhishwa kwegolide sekuyisikhathi eside kuyimboni ebalulekile, kodwa indlela yendabuko encike kuyo I-sodium cyanide iphakamise ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemvelo nempilo. Isodium i-cyanide inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuma-ecosystem uma ingalawulwa ngendlela efanele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nomfutho okhulayo wokuthuthukisa amasu ahlukile, aqinile Ukukhishwa kwegolide. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuhlola lezi zindlela ezintsha ezinikeza indlela evumelana nemvelo enqubweni yakudala yokuthola igolide.

Inkinga nge-Sodium Cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide

I-sodium cyanide ibe yinto esetshenziswayo yokukhipha igolide isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu ngenxa yokuphumelela kwayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide elicwengekileyo. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi bayo buyinkinga enkulu. Ngisho nangesilinganiso esincane, i-cyanide ingaba yingozi ekuphileni kwasemanzini, ezinyonini nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Uma kwenzeka kuchitheka noma ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele emisebenzini yezimayini, i-cyanide ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi, inhlabathi, nomoya, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo isikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, ukuphatha i-cyanide kudinga izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha, futhi noma yikuphi ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kungase kubangele ukulimala kubasebenzi.

Ezinye izindlela Eziluhlaza Ezithembisayo ku-Sodium Cyanide

1. Bioleaching

I-Bioleaching, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-microbial leaching, inqubo esebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukukhipha izinsimbi ensimbi. Endabeni yokukhishwa kwegolide, amagciwane athile, afana ne-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, angakwazi ukukhipha amaminerali anesulfure ahambisana negolide, akhulule igolide ngendlela efinyeleleka kalula. Le ndlela ihambisana nemvelo njengoba ingasebenzisi amakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-cyanide. Iphinde futhi isebenze emazingeni okushisa aphansi nezingcindezi, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha. I-Bioleaching iyindlela esimeme engasetshenziswa kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi, ngokuvamile angenamali ukusetshenzwa kusetshenziswa amasu ajwayelekile.

2. I-Thiosulfate Leaching

I-Thiosulfate leaching kungenye indlela yokukhipha okusekelwe ku-cyanide. Isebenzisa i-thiosulfate ion, ngokuvamile esesimweni se-sodium thiosulfate, ukuze ixazulule ngegolide futhi iyincibilikise etsheni. Le ndlela inobuthi obuncane kune-cyanide. I-Thiosulfate izinzile emvelweni futhi ayibeki ubungozi obufanayo obufana nezilwane zasendle nemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukukhishwa kwe-Thiosulfate ingasebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile zensimbi, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqukethe ithusi nezinye izinsimbi ezingaphazamisa izinqubo ezisekelwe ku-cyanide. Inqubo ingase futhi ithuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali futhi kuthuthukiswe amazinga okuthola igolide.

3. Ionic Liquids

Uketshezi lwe-ionic usawoti owuketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa. Zinezinto eziyingqayizivele ezenza zifanelekele ukukhishwa kwegolide. Uketshezi lwe-ionic lungancibilikisa igolide ngokukhetha oreni ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu. Azinakuguquka, okusho ukuthi azifaki isandla ekungcolisekeni komoya ngesikhathi sokukhipha. Ukwengeza, zingase zigaywe kabusha futhi ziphinde zisetshenziswe, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukadoti. Nakuba kusesesigabeni socwaningo nentuthuko yokusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu, uketshezi lwe-ionic lubonisa amandla amakhulu njengendlela eqhubekayo ehlukile ezindleleni zendabuko zokukhipha igolide.

4. Supercritical Fluid Isizinda

Ukukhishwa koketshezi olubucayi kakhulu kusebenzisa uketshezi olubucayi kakhulu, njenge I-Carbon i-dioxide (CO₂) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela, ukukhipha igolide ku-ore. Esimweni sayo esibucayi kakhulu, i-CO₂ inezakhiwo eziphakathi kwegesi noketshezi, okuvumela ukuthi ingene ku-ore futhi incibilikise igolide. Le ndlela inobungani nemvelo njengoba i-CO₂ iyinto engenabo ubuthi futhi eningi. Iphinde inciphise isidingo samanzi amaningi kanye namanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekukhishweni kwendabuko. Ukukhishwa koketshezi olubucayi kakhulu kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhipha igolide, ikakhulukazi ku-ore eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinselelo kanye Nomgwaqo Ozayo

Nakuba lezi zindlela ezihlukile zibonisa isithembiso esihle, kusenezinselele okufanele uzinqobe. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Bioleaching kungaba inqubo enensayo, futhi ukwenza kahle izimo zokukhula kwama-microorganisms kungaba yinkimbinkimbi. I-Thiosulfate leaching ingadinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide. Uketshezi lwe-ionic kanye nokukhipha uketshezi olunamandla kakhulu kusesezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka kwezentengiselwano, futhi kunezindleko ezihlobene nokukhuphula lobu buchwepheshe. Nokho, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko, lezi zinselele zingaxazululeka. Ohulumeni, izinkampani zezimayini, nezikhungo zocwaningo kudingeka zisebenzisane ukuze zitshale imali ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqaliseni ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zokumba igolide eliluhlaza. Lokhu ngeke kusize nje kuphela ukuvikela imvelo kodwa futhi kuzoqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.

Sengiphetha, ukucinga ezinye izindlela I-Sodium Cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide akuyona nje indaba yomthwalo wemvelo kodwa futhi nethuba lokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko esimeme. Ngokwamukela lobu buchwepheshe obuluhlaza, imboni yezimayini zegolide inganciphisa indawo yayo yemvelo futhi ibe negalelo ekusaseni elizinzile.