Sharuɗɗan gama gari da yanayin aikace-aikacen Sodium Cyanide

Gabatarwa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani sinadari ne mai amfani da shi a masana'antu, duk da cewa yana da guba sosai. Fari ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. Wannan labarin zai bincika takamaiman abubuwan da ake amfani da su na sodium cyanide da kuma amfaninsa daban-daban a masana'antu daban-daban.

Bayani na gama gari

Matakan Tsafta

• Tsabta 98% : Wannan sinadari ne da ake samu a kasuwa. Ga sinadarin Sodium Cyanide mai ƙarfi , a wannan matakin tsarki, babban sinadari, Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ya kamata ya kasance a kalla kashi 98.0%. Tare da wannan, wasu sigogi kamar abun ciki na NaOH ya kamata ya kasance ≤0.3%, Na₂CO₃ ≤0.2%, danshi ≤0.2%, da kuma abu mara narkewa a cikin ruwa ≤0.01%. Wannan sinadari ya dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu iri-iri inda ake buƙatar babban matakin tsarki amma ba cikakken daidaito ba. Misali, a wasu hanyoyin tsaftacewa na ƙarfe, wannan sinadari mai tsarki 98% na sodium cyanide zai iya cire gurɓatattun abubuwa da gurɓatattun abubuwa ta hanyar da ta dace.

• Tsabta 99% : Wakiltar babban matakin sodium cyanide mai ƙarfi tare da tsarki 99% yana da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. Dole ne abun cikin NaCN ya kasance ≥99.0%, tare da danshi ≤0.5%, abu mara narkewa a cikin ruwa ≤0.01%, cyanide ≤0.01%, chloride ≤0.20%, da sulfate ≤0.07%. Wannan matakin tsarki mafi girma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a aikace inda kasancewar ƙazanta na iya tsoma baki ga halayen sinadarai. A cikin samar da wasu hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki masu inganci, kashi 99% na sodium cyanide mai tsabta yana taimakawa wajen cimma rufin ƙarfe mai inganci da daidaito.

Siffofin Jiki

• Tauri : Sodium cyanide galibi ana samunsa a cikin siffa mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya zama kamar tubalan, barbashi masu lu'ulu'u, ko foda. Ana fifita siffa mai ƙarfi don sauƙin ajiya da jigilar su a cikin nisa mai nisa. Tsarin tauri ba shi da yuwuwar zubewa yayin jigilar kaya idan aka kwatanta da sifar ruwa. Sau da yawa ana sanya shi a cikin jakunkuna biyu da aka rufe a cikin akwati na katako, yawanci yana da nauyin kusan tan 1. Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide mai ƙarfi sosai a masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai don haƙo zinare. Briquettes, waɗanda suke da tsarki kusan kashi 98% kuma suna kama da fari, suna kama da briquettes na gawayi kuma suna da sauƙin sarrafawa a manyan ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai.

• Ruwa : Ruwan sodium cyanide, kodayake ba a cika samunsa ba saboda ƙalubalen sufuri da ajiya, yana nan. Yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide da ake amfani da shi a wasu aikace-aikace shine 30%. A cikin wannan nau'in, abun cikin NaCN ya kamata ya zama ≥30.0%, tare da NaOH ≤1.0%, Na₂CO₃ ≤1.0%, NaCl ≤0.027%, da NaCOOH ≤0.60%, da kuma ƙimar APHA (ma'aunin launi) ≤100. Ana amfani da ruwan sodium cyanide a wasu hanyoyin masana'antu inda ake buƙatar nau'in sinadarin da ya fi kama da wanda aka watsa cikin sauƙi, kamar a wasu takamaiman dabarun haƙo ma'adinai.

Scenarios aikace-aikace

Masana'antar Haraji

• Hako Zinare da Ƙarfe Mai Tamani : Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide sosai wajen haƙo zinare da sauran ƙarfe masu tamani. Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da leaching na cyanide ko cyanidation na zinariya, yana amfani da ƙarfin da zinariya (I) ke da shi ga cyanide. A gaban iska (oxygen) da ruwa, ƙarfen zinariya yana narkewa kuma yana narkewa, yana samar da cyanide na zinariya (ko sodium cyanide na zinariya) da sodium hydroxide. Ana iya wakiltar amsawar sinadarai kamar haka: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ana iya sarrafa ma'adanai masu ƙarancin daraja ta amfani da wannan hanyar, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama hanya mai inganci don fitar da zinare. Siffar sodium cyanide mai tauri, musamman briquettes masu tamani 98%, ana amfani da ita sosai a manyan ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai saboda sauƙin sarrafawa da yawan sinadarin da ke aiki.

Masana'antu

• Haɗa Nitriles : Sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin abu don haɗa nitriles. Cyanide ion (CN⁻) a cikin sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin nucleophile, yana ba da gudummawar electron biyu don samar da haɗin sinadarai. Nitriles muhimman abubuwa ne a cikin nau'ikan sinadarai da magunguna iri-iri. Misali, acrylonitrile, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen samar da zare na roba kamar acrylic da kuma wajen kera robobi, ana iya haɗa shi ta amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin babban matsakaici.

• Samar da Hydrocyanic Acid da Sauran Cyanide : Ana amfani da shi wajen samar da hydrocyanic acid (HCN), wanda shine abin da ke haifar da wasu sinadarai masu yawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don ƙera nau'ikan cyanides marasa tsari kamar potassium cyanide (KCN), cyanuric chloride, da cyanogen chloride. Waɗannan Cyanide suna samun aikace-aikace a masana'antu daban-daban, daga electroplating zuwa hada sinadarai.

Kayan Karfe

• Tsaftace Karfe : Ana amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin mai tsaftace ƙarfe. Yana iya cire oxides na saman ƙarfe da datti yadda ya kamata, yana inganta ingancin saman ƙarfe. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin da ake buƙatar saman ƙarfe mai tsabta don jiyya na gaba kamar fenti, shafi, ko soldering. Ikon sodium cyanide na amsawa da oxides na ƙarfe da narkar da su yana sa ya zama mai amfani a cikin shirye-shiryen saman ƙarfe.

• Electroplating : A cikin electroplating, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don ƙirƙirar mafita na electroplating. Yana taimakawa wajen sanya siririn Layer na ƙarfe a kan wani abu, yana inganta bayyanar, juriya ga tsatsa, da juriyar lalacewa na abu. Misali, a cikin azurfa plating, ana amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin baho na plating don sauƙaƙe sanya ions na azurfa iri ɗaya akan abin da aka shafa. Tsarkakakken sodium cyanide, musamman kashi 99%, yana da mahimmanci wajen electroplating don tabbatar da ingantaccen shafi na ƙarfe.

Masana'antu

• Matsakaici a Tsarin Haɗa Magunguna : Ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin matsakaici wajen haɗa wasu magunguna. Misali, wajen samar da wasu magungunan rage zafi (maganin rage zafi) da magungunan hana farfadiya, sodium cyanide yana da hannu a cikin halayen sinadarai waɗanda ke samar da manyan tubalan waɗannan magunguna. Duk da haka, saboda tsananin gubarsa, ana bin ƙa'idodin tsaro masu tsauri yayin amfani da shi a masana'antar magunguna.

Sauran Aikace-aikace

• A cikin samar da rini : Ana amfani da sodium cyanide wajen kera rini. Yana shiga cikin halayen sinadarai da ke taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar chromophores (ɓangaren kwayar halittar da ke ba da launi) a cikin rini. Nau'ikan rini daban-daban, kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su a masana'antar yadi, na iya buƙatar sodium cyanide a cikin tsarin haɗa su.

• A matsayin maganin kashe beraye (kodayake ba a saba gani ba) : A tarihi, ana amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin maganin kashe beraye. Duk da haka, saboda tsananin gubarsa ga halittu da mutane da ba a kai hari ba, da kuma yuwuwar gurɓatar muhalli, amfani da shi a matsayin maganin kashe beraye ya ragu sosai.

La'akari da Lafiya

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Yana iya zama mai mutuwa idan an shaka, shanye ta cikin fata, ko hadiye. Ko da ƙaramin adadin, ƙasa da 5 mg/kg na nauyin jiki ga mutum 70 - kg, na iya zama mai mutuwa. Lokacin da yake hulɗa da iska ko ruwa mai ɗanɗano, yana fitar da iskar iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba, mai ƙonewa, da guba. Don haka, dole ne a bi tsauraran matakan tsaro lokacin sarrafawa, adanawa, da jigilar sodium cyanide. Ma'aikata a masana'antun da ke amfani da sodium cyanide ya kamata a ba su kayan aikin kariya masu dacewa, kuma ya kamata a samar da tsarin samun iska mai kyau don hana haɓakar iskar gas mai guba.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide, duk da yawan gubar sa, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antu da yawa saboda sinadarai na musamman. Ƙididdiga na gama gari na 98% da 99% tsabta a cikin m da nau'ikan ruwa suna ba da buƙatun masana'antu daban-daban. Daga hakar karafa masu daraja zuwa hada sinadarai da magunguna, aikace-aikacen sa sun bambanta. Koyaya, hatsarori masu alaƙa suna buƙatar aiwatar da tsauraran matakan tsaro da kare muhalli don tabbatar da jin daɗin ma'aikata da muhalli.