Pehea ka nui o kou ʻike e pili ana i nā kumu cyanides?

ʻO ka Cyanide kahi mea ʻawaʻawa nui e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumu, nā hopena, a me nā ana palekana no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi.

Nā kumu o ka Cyanide

Nā noi ʻenehana

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Cyanide i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana like ʻole. Loaʻa i nā limahana i nā ʻoihana e like me ka electroplating, ka pena ʻana, ka hana ʻana i nā kalapona, a me ka hana ʻana i ka rubber nā manawa kūpono kiʻekiʻe. I ka electroplating, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka Cyanide e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā uhi metala. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lawelawe pono ʻole a me ka nele o nā hana palekana i loko o kēia mau ʻoihana hiki ke alakaʻi i ka leakage cyanide a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana i ke kaiapuni.

Nā Hana Kūlohelohe i ka Meaʻai

ʻO ka mea kupanaha, hiki ke loaʻa ka cyanide i kekahi mau meaʻai maʻamau. Loaʻa i nā huaʻai e like me nā pīkī, nā plum, nā ʻapelika, a me ka 枇杷 ka hydrogen cyanide. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā ʻalemona ʻawaʻawa ka nui o ka ʻike. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka cassava, kahi meaʻai nui ma nā wahi wela he nui, loaʻa pū ka hydrogen cyanide. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia mau cyanides kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano o nā glycosides cyanogenic. Ke ʻai ʻia kēia mau mea, hiki i nā enzymes i loko o ke kino ke wāwahi iā lākou, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka cyanide manuahi.

Hoʻo·hana olaola

I loko o ke ao olaola, hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia ka hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ma o ka hydrolysis o amy GDA lin e ka enzyme amy gda linase. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka HCN i nā nui he nui i loko o nā meaola ola, hiki ke hana ʻia ma lalo o kekahi mau hopena enzymatic. Loaʻa i ka Cyanide kahi pilina ikaika no nā ʻātoma metala a hiki ke hana i nā paʻakikī paʻa. ʻAe kēia waiwai iā ia e hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi i nā protein i loaʻa ka metala, e kāohi pinepine ana i kā lākou mau hana. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, hiki ke kāohi ikaika ʻia ka cytochrome c oxidase, kahi enzyme koʻikoʻi i loko o ke kaulahao hanu, ʻoiai ma kahi ʻano haʻahaʻa e like me 10 - 4M, a alakaʻi hope loa i ka pau ʻana o ka hanu ʻana.

Nā pōʻino o ka Cyanide

Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka cyanide i ke kino o ke kanaka ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua: nā hopena acute a me nā hopena maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻike ʻana i ka cyanide. Hoʻopilikia nā iona cyanide i hoʻokuʻu ʻia (CN -) i ka hana maʻamau o nā cell ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā enzymes nui e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxygen. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hiki o ke kino ke hoʻohana i ka oxygen, e alakaʻi ana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka hanu wikiwiki, ka noʻonoʻo, ke poʻo, a ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi, nalowale ka ʻike a me ka make. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia olakino no ka wā lōʻihi, e pili ana i ka pōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana nerve, ka ʻōnaehana hanu, a me ka thyroid gland.

Hoʻomalu a me nā pane pilikia

Hoʻomalu i kahi hana

Ma nā wahi hana i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ai ka cyanide, e like me nā mea kanu kemika pili i ka cyanide, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā lula palekana. Ua pāpā loa ʻia ka puhi ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana ma nā wahi mālama cyanide. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā mea hana me nā lako pale pilikino kūpono, e like me nā mīkina lima, nā maka, a me nā lole pale, e pale ai i ka cyanide mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ko lākou ʻili a komo i ko lākou kino ma o ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka inhalation. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kaʻina hana palekana e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana, lawe ʻia a hoʻohana pono ʻia nā mea i loko o ka cyanide. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa palekana a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o nā limahana i nā pōʻino a me nā hiki ke pane i ka pilikia.

Pane ulia pōpilikia i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa

Inā loaʻa kahi pōʻino make cyanide nui, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hana koke. ʻO kekahi o nā hana kōkua mua ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka amyl nitrite. E lawe i 1 - 2 ampoules o ka amyl nitrite, e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i loko o kahi kāwele, a wāwahi. A laila, e hoʻopaʻa i nā ampoules haʻihaʻi kokoke i ka ihu a me ka waha o ka mea maʻi no ka inhalation, ʻoiai e hana ana i ka hanu ʻana. E aʻo i ka mea maʻi e hanu no 15 - 30 kekona i kēlā me kēia 1 - 2 mau minuke. Pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui o nā inhalations e like me ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi. Ma hope o kēia mālama mua ʻana, pono e lawe koke ʻia ka mea maʻi i kahi haukapila no ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoihana, ʻo ia paha ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā antidotes kūikawā e like me ka sodium nitrite a me ka sodium thiosulfate.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka cyanide, me kāna mau kumu like ʻole a me nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi, pono mākou e nānā pono. Inā ma nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a i ʻole ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kona hele ʻana, e hana ana i nā hana pale, a me ka ʻike pehea e pane ai i ka hihia o ka ʻike ʻana he mea nui ia no ka pale ʻana i ke olakino a me ka palekana o ke kanaka.