Kupanga kwa Mercury (Hg), Magwero & Zambiri Zamakampani | United Chemical

Introduction

Mercury (Hg) ndi chitsulo chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri koma chowopsa kwambiri. Zake zapadera katundu - madzi kutentha firiji, mkulu madutsidwe magetsi ndi alloying luso - zinachititsa lonse mafakitale ntchito m'mbuyomu. Kudziwitsa zambiri za kuopsa kwa chilengedwe ndi thanzi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mercury zachititsa kuti mayiko achitepo kanthu monga Minamata Convention kuletsa kapena kuthetsa ambiri CHIFUNDO kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa kubwezereranso ndi kuwononga chilengedwe.

Nkhani ya kampaniyi ndi United Chemical imapereka chidule chomveka bwino cha akatswiri Mercury magwero ndi njira zobwezeretsera, mawonekedwe amtundu wazinthu ndi kufananitsa ndi gwero, unyolo wamtengo wapatali wamakampani, mawonekedwe owongolera ndi malonda, ndi malingaliro othandizira kutsata kwamakampani ndikuwongolera zoopsa.

Chitetezo chidziwitso: Mercury ndi mankhwala ake ndi neurotoxic ndi kulimbikira chilengedwe. Kagwiridwe kalikonse, kuchira, kunyamula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kutsatira malamulo adziko, misonkhano yapadziko lonse ndi malamulo a zinthu zowopsa. 

1. Kodi mercury ndi chiyani? (Mwachidule)

Elemental mercury (Hg) ndi chitsulo chowundana chamadzimadzi pamalo ozungulira ndipo chimatha kusungunuka ndikubalalika m'chilengedwe. Mercury imapezeka m'njira zingapo:

• Elemental mercury (Hg⁰) - zitsulo, zosakhazikika;

• Inorganic mercury salt - mwachitsanzo, mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• Organic mercury - monga methylmercury, yomwe imadziunjikira m'maketani a chakudya ndipo imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha thanzi.

Mercury yotulutsidwa mumlengalenga ndi m'madzi imatha kusinthidwa ndikuwunjikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zachilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.

2. Magwero akuluakulu ndi magulu obwezeretsa (chidule chapamwamba)

Global mercury supply imachokera ku migodi yoyamba (cinnabar/HgS) ndi zobwezerezedwanso (zopangidwa ndi mafakitale ndi zinyalala zosonkhanitsidwa). Magulu oyambira ndi awa:

1. Migodi yoyambira ndi kusungunula (cinnabar)

• mwachidule: Mbiri yakale ya cinnabar (HgS) migodi ndi zokolola zosungunula elemental mercury ndi kutentha ndi condensation. Malo amakono ovomerezeka amatha kupanga mercury yoyera kwambiri potsatira chithandizo chokwanira.

• Zovuta: Kusungunula kwapang'ono kosalamuliridwa kumabweretsa kuipitsa kwakukulu ndi kuopsa kwa thanzi; maiko ambiri amaletsa kapena kuletsa zinthu zoterezi.

2. Industrial by-product recovery and regulated recycling

• mwachidule: Mercury ikuchulukirachulukira kuchokera ku mitsinje yosonkhanitsidwa - nyali za fulorosenti, ma switch ndi ma relay, zida zamankhwala, zamagetsi ndi zinyalala za labu - ndiye amayeretsedwa m'malo olamulidwa.

• ubwino: Kubwezeretsanso kumachepetsa kulemedwa ndi chilengedwe komanso kumapangitsa kuti anthu azitsatira komanso kutsatira malamulo.

3. Migodi ya golide ya Artisanal ndi yaing'ono (ASGM)

• mwachidule: M'madera ena ASGM imagwiritsa ntchito mercury kupanga amalgams kuti golide abweze. 

• Policy: Kugwiritsa ntchito mercury kwa ASGM ndi cholinga chachikulu chochepetsera pansi pa Msonkhano wa Minamata ndi mapulogalamu adziko lonse omwe amalimbikitsa njira zina.

4. Kugwetsa masheya akale ndi zida

• mwachidule: Kuyimitsidwa kwa zida zakale ndikutaya zinthu zakale kumabweretsanso mercury, koma mbiri yabwino komanso zoyipa zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimafunikira kukonzedwa mosamala.

3. Kufananitsa kwachitsime/chinthu ndi ma metrics ofunikira

Magulu ogula ndi kutsatira ayenera kuika patsogolo ma metrics otsatirawa mu Zikalata Zowunika (COA):

• Zomwe zili mu Hg / chiyero choyambirira (%);

• Organic mercury (methylmercury) zotsalira;

• Kusasunthika ndi magawo achitetezo okhudzana ndi mpweya wa mpweya;

• Zosakhazikika (As, Pb, S compounds, particulates);

• Chinyezi ndi makina oipitsa;

• Mawonekedwe ndi ma CD (zoyambira zamadzimadzi Hg, mchere, ma aloyi; zofunikira zachidebe).

Kuyerekeza kwapamwamba ndi gwero:

• Migodi yoyambira (zomera zovomerezeka): Chiyero chachikulu chotheka ngati utsi ndi zinyalala zikuwongoleredwa; kutsata malamulo ndikofunikira.

• Kubwezeretsanso moyenera: Ndi kuyengedwa kwamakono, zobwezerezedwanso mercury imatha kukumana ndi kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu ndipo imakondedwa chifukwa cha chilengedwe.

• Mbiri yakale/kuchotsa magwero: Mtundu wosinthika; nthawi zambiri amafuna kuyeretsedwa kwina.

• Zithunzi za ASGM: Zowonongeka kwambiri komanso zosavomerezeka pamaketani ovomerezeka.

4. Chuma chamtengo wapatali (kumtunda - pakati - kunsi kwa mtsinje)

Kumtunda - magwero & zida

• magwero: miyala ya cinnabar, zinyalala zamafakitale (nyali, masiwichi, zida zamankhwala), masheya akale.

• Zida & ntchito: makina otsekedwa a condensation / Capture, ma adsorption / mayamwidwe mayunitsi, zida zoyenga, ma lab ovomerezeka oyezetsa, kulongedza katundu wowopsa ndi mayendedwe.

Midstream - kuyenga, kuyesa & malonda

• Nchito: kusungunula/kuyenga, kuyezetsa ma labotale (COA/MSDS), kulongedza ndi kulemba zilembo, kutsata malamulo otumiza kunja ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu.

• Zinthu zovuta: zilolezo, kuwongolera kutulutsa mpweya, kasamalidwe kaumoyo wapantchito ndi kutsata zoyendera.

Downstream - ntchito & zosintha m'malo

• Mapulogalamu: zida za niche zapamwamba kwambiri, zopangira mankhwala ena, kafukufuku; mbiri mu kuyatsa ndi masiwichi (tsopano kwambiri m'malo).

• Machitidwe: kutengera mwachangu matekinoloje a mercury-free (ma LED, masiwichi olimba, zopangira zina) ndikutuluka koyendetsedwa ndi malamulo pamagwiritsidwe ambiri.

5. Zowongolera & mawonekedwe amalonda (mwachidule)

• Minamata Convention: malamulo ofunikira apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amafunikira njira zochepetsera ndikuchotsa kutulutsa kwa mercury, kulimbikitsa kukonzanso ndi kusamalira masheya.

• Msika wamakono: kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa mercury yoyamba ndi kudalira kowonjezereka kwa magwero obwezerezedwanso, ogwirizana; malonda a mercury osaloledwa ndi ASGM yanthawi zonse imakhalabe patsogolo.

• Chenjezo la malonda: zotumiza kunja zikuyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe dziko likupita, malamulo otengera zinthu zowopsa (IATA/IMDG), komanso kutsatiridwa kwa komwe adachokera.

6. Zowopsa zamakampani, zofunikira pakutsata & malingaliro

1. Compliance: khalani ogwirizana kwathunthu ndi Msonkhano wa Minamata ndi malamulo amderalo—zolembedwa zotsatiridwa ndi magwero a mercury ndi kopita.

2. Limbikitsani zobwezeretsanso: khazikitsani ndalama zosonkhanitsira zoyendetsedwa bwino ndikuyengedwa kuti mupereke mercury yogwiritsidwanso ntchito.

3. Tetezani thanzi ndi chilengedwe: kukakamiza kuyang'anira ntchito, kupewa kutayikira, kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi komanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi anthu.

4. Thandizo m'malo: Gwirani ntchito ndi makasitomala kuti agwiritse ntchito matekinoloje opanda mercury ndikupereka chithandizo chochotsa / kubwezeretsanso katundu.

5. Quality control & traceability: perekani COA/MSDS ndi kutumiza kulikonse ndikuwonetsetsa kutsata kwa batch.

6. Kusintha kwangozi: khazikitsani inshuwaransi yoyenera yokhudzana ndi chilengedwe komanso inshuwaransi yamayendedwe.

Pomaliza - United Chemicalkudzipereka

United Chemical akudzipereka kuchitapo kanthu moyenera, kutsata komanso kusamala zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi mercury. Zomwe timayika patsogolo zikuphatikizapo:

• kuika patsogolo kubwezeredwanso kovomerezeka ndi kuchepetsa kudalira m'zigawo zoyambirira;

• kusunga mosamalitsa kuwongolera khalidwe, zolemba ndi kufufuza;

• kupatsa makasitomala zolembedwa zamalamulo, upangiri waukadaulo ndi maphunziro oyendetsa bwino;

• kuyanjana kuti apititse patsogolo njira zina ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa mercury m'mafakitale akumunsi.