Ke lintho life tse tsoang ho lik'hemik'hale tse ka sebelisoang ho lokisa sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke thepa e tala e chefo haholo empa e le ea bohlokoa ea lik'hemik'hale. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng tse hlahisoang ke lik'hemik'hale ka lebaka la karabelo ea sehlopha sa cyanide (-CN). Mona ke tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa bohlokoa tse ka lokisoang ho sebelisoa Sodium cyanide :

Lintho tse tsoang ho Cyanide tse sa tloaelehang

1. Ferro cyanides : Sodium cyanide e arabela le letsoai la tšepe ho hlahisa ferro Cyanides . Mohlala, karabelo ea Sodium Cyanide ka ferrous sulfate e ka hlahisa sodium ferrocyanide (Na₄[Fe(CN)₆]). Motsoako ona o sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea mebala e putsoa joalo ka Prussian blue, 'me o boetse o na le lits'ebetso indastering ea lijo e le moemeli oa ho thibela letsoai. Karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e ka emeloa e le:

6NaCN + FeSO₄ → Na₄[Fe(CN)₆] + Na₂SO₄

2. Metswako ya Sianide ya Ditshepe : Sianide ya sodium e ka etsa dikompone tse nang le di-ion tse ngata tsa tshepe. Mohlala, ha ho ntshuwa kgauta le silefera, ha ho na le oksijene, kgauta le silefera di arabela le sianide ya sodium ho etsa dikompone tsa sianide ya tshepe e qhibilihang. Bakeng sa kgauta, karabelo e tjena:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Lisebelisoa tsena tsa tšepe - cyanide li ntse li sebetsoa hape ho fumana litšepe tse hloekileng. Ntle le khauta le silevera, sodium cyanide e ka boela ea etsa li-complexes tse nang le tšepe tse kang koporo, zinki le nickel, tse nang le lisebelisoa ho electroplating le liindasteri tse ling. Ka mohlala, ho electroplating, li-complexes tsa cyanide li sebelisoa e le li-electrolyte ho etsa bonnete ba ho behoa ha tšepe ka mokhoa o boreleli le o ts'oanang oa tšepe holim'a substrate.

Lintho tse tsoang ho Organic Cyanide

1. Li-Derivative tsa Asiti ea Malonic : Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ho etseng metsoako ea asiti ea malonic. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke ho sebetsana le sodium cyanide le asiti ea chloroacetic ho theha asiti ea cyanoacetic pele. Karabelo ke:

ClCH₂COOH + NaCN → NCCH₂COOH + NaCl

Cyanoacetic acid e ka boela ea etsoa esterified ho hlahisa malonic acid ester, joalo ka diethyl malonate. Li-derivatives tsa Malonic acid ke litšiea tsa bohlokoa tsa ho aha ka har'a organic synthesis, haholoholo ho kopanngoeng ha meriana, dae le litatso. Hangata li sebelisoa ho Knoevenagel condensation le liketso tse ling ho haha ​​​​limolek'hule tse rarahaneng tsa tlhaho.

2. Metswako ya Nitrile : Sodium cyanide e ka sebediswa ho fetola di-haloalkanes kapa di-aryl halides hore e be di-nitrile ka di-reaction tsa nucleophilic substitution. Mohlala, ha bromoethane e arabela le sodium cyanide, propionitrile e a thehwa:

CH₃CH₂Br + NaCN → CH₃CH₂CN + NaBr

Li-nitriles ke metsoako e mengata e fapaneng. Li ka etsoa ka hydrolyzed ho etsa li-carboxylic acid, tsa fokotsoa hore e be li-amine, kapa tsa sebelisoa ha ho etsoa metsoako ea heterocyclic. Lefapheng la meriana, lithethefatsi tse ngata li na le lihlopha tse sebetsang tsa nitrile, 'me tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ka har'a motsoako oa nitriles e fana ka tsela ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lokisoa ha lithethefatsi tsena.

3. Li-Cyanohydrin : Li-Aldehyde le li-ketone li ka arabela le sodium cyanide ha ho na le catalyst ea asiti ho etsa li-cyanohydrin. Mohlala, karabelo ea acetone le sodium cyanide:

(CH₃)₂CO + NaCN + H⁺ → (CH₃)₂C(OH)CN + Na⁺

Li-cyanohydrin ke li-intermediate tse sebetsang ho organic synthesis. Li ka fetoloa ho ea ho lihlopha tse fapaneng tse sebetsang, joalo ka li-carboxylic acid, li-amine le li-alcohol, ka liphetoho tse nepahetseng tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho le meriana, li-cyanohydrins li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho aheng masapo a carbon le ho hlahisa lihlopha tse sebetsang.

4. Li-Derivative tsa Triazine : Tlhahisong ea metsoako e kang melamine, sodium cyanide e ka ameha marangrang a karabelo. Le hoja karabelo e tobileng e ka ba e rarahaneng 'me hangata e kenyelletsa mehato e mengata, sehlopha sa cyanide se tsoang ho sodium cyanide se thusa ho thehoeng ha sebopeho sa lesale la triazine. Melamine e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea polasetiki, likhomaretsi le lipente. Mohlala o mong ke tlhahiso ea cyanuric chloride (trichlorotriazine), e leng karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le lidae tse arabelang. Ho hlophisoa ha cyanuric chloride ho tsoa ho sodium cyanide hangata ho kenyelletsa letoto la liketso ho kenyeletsoa le chlorination ea lintho tse ka pele tse amanang le cyanide.

5. Li-Amino Acids le Li-Derivatives tsa Tsona : Mekhoeng e meng ea maiketsetso bakeng sa li-amino acid, sodium cyanide e ka sebelisoa. Mohlala, tlhahisong ea Strecker ea li-amino acid, aldehyde kapa ketone e arabela le ammonia le sodium cyanide ho theha aminonitrile intermediate, e ntan'o hydrolyzed ho amino acid e tsamaellanang. Ho qala ka aldehyde RCHO, liketso ke tse latelang:

RCHO + NH₃ + NaCN → RCH(NH₂)CN + NaOH

RCH(NH₂)CN + 2H₂O + H⁺ → RCH(NH₃⁺)COOH + Cl⁻

Li-amino acid ke lintho tse ahang liprotheine 'me li sebelisoa ka bongata indastering ea lijo, ea meriana le ea litlolo.

E lokela ho totobatsoa hore ka lebaka la chefo e phahameng ea sodium cyanide, mehato e tiileng ea tšireletso le mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le eona e tlameha ho lateloa nakong ea tšebeliso ea eona ha ho lokisoa lihlahisoa tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi le tikoloho.