Mekhoa ea ho phekola mehatla ea cyanide ka hydrogen peroxide

Selelekela

Li-cyanide tailings li entsoe ka lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang merafong ea khauta le liindasteri tse ling tse sebelisang cyanide mothating wa ho ntsha. Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha metsoako e chefo ea cyanide, Lihlahisoa tsa cyanide e beha kotsi e tebileng tikolohong. Phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho sebetsana le mehatla ena. Sehlooho sena se tla hlahloba mokhoa ona oa phekolo ka ho qaqileng.

Molao-motheo oa Phekolo ea Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ke ntho e matla ea oxidizing. Ha u phekola mehatla ea cyanide, molao-motheo oa mantlha ke hore Hyrogen e peroxide e sebetsana le metsoako ea cyanide tikolohong ea alkaline (hangata e nang le pH ea 10 - 11). E hlohlelletsoa ke lintho (hangata li-ion tsa koporo, Cu²⁺), maikutlo a latelang a etsahala:

Cyanide (CN⁻) e na le oxidized ho cyanate (CNO⁻). Karabelo e ka hlalosoa feela ka tsela e latelang:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Tlas'a maemo a itseng, cyanate e ka arabela le ho bola ho ba dintho tse seng kotsi hakaalo, tse kang ammonia (NH₃), k'habone dioksidese (CO₂), le naetrojene (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Ka mor'a moo, ammonia e ka boela ea e-ba oxidized kapa ea senyeha tlas'a maemo a loketseng a tikoloho.

Mehato ea Phekolo

Tailings Slurry Tokisetso: Taba ea pele, mehatla ea cyanide e hloka ho etsoa slurry. Hangata sena se etsoa ka ho eketsa metsi ho mehatla le ho a tsoaka ka botlalo ka har'a sets'oants'o se loketseng (joaloka tanka e kholo ea ho kopanya). Ho lumellana ha slurry ho lokisoa ho netefatsa hore ho na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa hydrogen peroxide le cyanide - e nang le likaroloana.

PH Phetoho: The pH ea cyanide tailings slurry e fetotsoe ho ea ho alkaline e loketseng mefuta e fapaneng, hangata pH 10 - 11. Mohato ona ke oa bohlokoa hobane karabelo ea oxidation ea hydrogen peroxide ka cyanide e itšetlehile haholo ka boleng ba pH. Lime (Ca(OH) ₂) kapa sodium hydroxide (NaOH) hangata e sebelisoa ho eketsa pH.

Keketso ea Catalyst: Li-catalysts tse thehiloeng koporo, tse kang koporo sulfate (CuSO₄), li kenngoa ho slurry. Li-ion tsa koporo li ka susumetsa karabelo lipakeng tsa hydrogen peroxide le cyanide, tsa potlakisa sekhahla sa karabelo. Bongata ba li-ion tsa koporo ka har'a slurry hangata bo laoloa ke hoo e ka bang 50 mg/L. Leha ho le joalo, haeba mehatla e se e ntse e e-na le koporo e lekaneng kapa lintho tse ling tse thusang, ho kenyeletsoa ho eketsehileng ho ka 'na ha se ke ha hlokahala.

Ho eketsoa ha hydrogen peroxide: Ka mor'a moo, hydrogen peroxide e eketsoa ho slurry. Palo ea hydrogen peroxide e kenyellelitsoeng ho latela bongata ba cyanide mehatleng. Karolelano ea molar ea hydrogen peroxide ho cyanide hangata e maemong a 3:1 - 8:1. Ka mohlala, haeba cyanide e ka har'a mehatla e phahame, ho hlokahala tekanyo e phahameng ea hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide e lokela ho eketsoa butle ka ho sisinyeha ho tsoelang pele ho etsa bonnete ba kabo e tšoanang le karabelo e felletseng.

Boitšoaro le ho susumetsa: The slurry e tsoela pele ho tsosoa nakong ea karabelo ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho kopana ho lekaneng pakeng tsa li-reactants. Nako ea karabelo e fapana ho latela mohopolo oa pele oa cyanide le sepheo sa kalafo, hangata eseng ka tlase ho lihora tse 1 - 2. Nakong ena, hydrogen peroxide oxidize cyanide lihlahisoa tse seng kotsi haholo.

Tiileng - Karohano ea Mokelikeli: Ka mor'a hore karabelo e phethoe, karohano e tiileng ea metsi e etsoa holim'a slurry e tšoaroang. Sena se ka finyelloa ka mekhoa e kang sedimentation ka har'a motenya o lateloa ke ho sefa ka mochine o hatisang. Se tiileng se arohaneng (ke hore, mehatla e phekotsoeng) e ka lahloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, mohlala, ho bolokoa ka har'a letamo la mehatla le nang le mela e behiloeng hantle. Filtrate, e nang le likhahla tse fokotsehileng tsa cyanide le lintho tse ling, e ka phekoloa kapa ea sebelisoa hape ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso haeba maemo a lumela.

Lintlha tse Amang Sebetsa sa Kalafo

Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration: Ha palo ea hydrogen peroxide e eketsoa ka bongata, phello e ntle ea oxidation ho cyanide. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e feteletseng ea hydrogen peroxide ha e ekelle litšenyehelo feela empa e ka boela ea baka maikutlo le mathata a ka ’nang a hlaha tikolohong.

boleng ba pH: Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, boleng ba pH ba sistimi ea karabelo bo na le tšusumetso e kholo ho sekhahla sa karabelo le katleho. Ho kheloha ho tloha boemong bo nepahetseng ba pH ba 10 - 11 ho tla liehisa karabelo ea oxidation ea cyanide ka hydrogen peroxide.

Mahlohonolo a Catalyst: Khatello ea copper-based catalyst e ama sekhahla sa karabelo. Haeba mohopolo oa catalyst o le tlase haholo, karabelo e kanna ea lieha haholo; haeba e phahame haholo, e ka baka lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse rarahaneng le ho eketsa litšenyehelo.

Nako ea Ts'ebetso: Ho hlokahala nako e lekaneng ea ho arabela ho netefatsa hore oxidation e feletseng ea cyanide ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Nako e sa lekaneng ea karabelo e tla fella ka masala a cyanide mehatleng e phekotsoeng.

Tšebeliso ea pele ea Cyanide: Ha palo ea pele ea cyanide e le holimo ho mehatla, ho thata le ho feta ho fumana phekolo e feletseng, 'me ho ka hlokahala ho feta hydrogen peroxide le nako e telele ea ho itšoara.

Melemo ea Phekolo ea Hydrogen Peroxide

Katleho e Phahameng ea Oxidation: Hydrogen peroxide e ka oxidize ka katleho mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea cyanide, ho akarelletsa le cyanide e sa lefelloeng le mefuta e meng ea tšepe - cyanide, e fokotsa haholo chefo ea mehatla ea cyanide.

Mokhoa o Batlang o Bonolo: Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea kalafo ea cyanide (joalo ka ho na ka lebaka la pula e rarahaneng ea lik'hemik'hale kapa mekhoa ea kalafo ea bioloji), mokhoa oa kalafo oa hydrogen peroxide o batla o le bonolo ebile o sebetsa habonolo.

Kotsi e Tlase ea Tšilafalo ea Bobeli: Lihlahisoa tsa hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction ha li kotsi hakaalo. Sehlahisoa sa cyanate se bohareng se ka boela sa bola ho ba lintho tse seng chefo, 'me hydrogen peroxide ka boeona e senyeha ho ba metsi le oksijene, e fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo ea bobeli.

Ho Sebetsa ka bophara: Mokhoa ona o sebetsa mesebetsing ea merafo e menyenyane le ea liindasteri tse kholo, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e fapaneng ea ho phekola mesaletsa ea cyanide.

Case Studies

Khampani ea Meepo ea Khauta: K'hamphani ea merafo ea khauta e [sebakeng se itseng] e ne e na le mesaletsa e mengata ea cyanide e nang le cyanide e ngata. Ba ile ba sebelisa mokhoa oa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide. Ka ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, ho kenyelletsa le ho fetola pH ho 10.5. phaella ka ho re koporo sulfate ka mahloriso ea 50 mg/L e le catalyst, sebelisa peroxide hydrogen - ho - cyanide molar karo-karolelano ea 5:1. 'me ba etsa karabelo ea lihora tse 1.5, ba atlehile ho fokotsa khatello ea cyanide mehatleng ho ea maemong a tlase haholo ho litekanyetso tsa taolo. Mehatla e hloekisitsoeng e ne e bolokoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka letamong la li-tailings, 'me filtrate e ile ea sebelisoa hape ts'ebetsong ea merafo, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi.

Ts'ebetso ea Meepo e Nyenyane: Ts'ebetso e nyane ea merafo ea khauta sebakeng se hole le eona e ile ea tobana le bothata ba cyanide - e nang le mehatla. Ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse fokolang, ho nahanoa ka mokhoa o bonolo oa ts'ebetso, ba ile ba khetha mokhoa oa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide. Ka ho laola ka hloko palo ea peroxide ea hydrogen e kenyellelitsoeng ho latela likhakanyo tse hakantsoeng tsa cyanide ka mehatla, ho lokisa pH ka lime e fumanehang sebakeng sa heno, le ho sebelisa mochine o bonolo oa mochine bakeng sa ho kopanya, ba atlehile ho fokotsa chefo ea cyanide ea mehatla. Leha sekala sa kalafo se ne se le nyane, se ne se lekane ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tikoloho ea lehae bakeng sa ho lahla mehatla, ho sireletsa tikoloho e haufi le tšilafalo e ka bang teng ea cyanide.

Litlhokomelo

Tšebeliso e Sireletsehileng ea Hydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide ke ntho e matla ea oxidizing 'me e ka ba kotsi haholo haeba e sa tšoaroe hantle. Basebetsi ba amehang tšebetsong ea phekolo ba lokela ho apara lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho itšireletsa, tse kang liatlana, likhalase le liaparo tsa tšireletso. Ho boloka hydrogen peroxide ho boetse ho lokela ho lumellana ka tieo le melao ea ts'ireletso ho thibela ho bola ka phoso kapa ho kopana le lintho tse tukang.

Tlhokomelo e Nepahetseng: Tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo e bohlokoa. Sena se kenyelletsa ho lekola boleng ba pH ba slurry nakong ea karabelo, likhakanyo tsa hydrogen peroxide le cyanide, hammoho le mocheso oa karabelo. Ho lokela ho etsoa lisampole le tlhahlobo khafetsa ho netefatsa hore ts'ebetso ea kalafo e tsoela pele joalo ka ha ho lebelletsoe le ho etsa liphetoho tse nakong haeba ho hlokahala.

Ho lahleha ha Mehatla e Tlisoang: Esita le ka mor'a phekolo, mehatla e tiileng e lokela ho bolokoa ka letamong le tloaelehileng la tailings le finyellang litekanyetso tsa tikoloho. Letamo la li-tailings le lokela ho ba le sebopeho se loketseng sa lesela ho thibela ho lutla ha lintho tse kotsi tse setseng mobung le metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše.

Tlhahlobo ea Phello ea Tikoloho: Pele o kenya tšebetsong mokhoa oa ho phekola ka hydrogen peroxide, ho lokela ho etsoe tlhahlobo e felletseng ea phello ea tikoloho ho lekola litlamorao tse ka bang teng moeeng, metsi le boleng ba mobu, hammoho le tikolohong e potolohileng. Tekanyetso ena e thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kalafo le ho netefatsa ho latela melao ea tikoloho.

Qetellong, mokhoa oa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide o fana ka tharollo e sebetsang le e sebetsang bakeng sa phekolo ea mehatla ea cyanide. Ka ho utloisisa molao-motheo oa eona, ho latela mehato e nepahetseng ea phekolo, ho nahana ka lintlha tse susumetsang, le ho nka mehato e hlokahalang ea ho itšireletsa, mokhoa ona o ka fokotsa haholo likotsi tsa tikoloho tse bakoang ke mehatla ea cyanide, e leng se tlatsetsang ntlafatsong e tsitsitseng ea indasteri ea merafo le tšireletso ea tikoloho.