Mekhoa ea ho phekola mehatla ea cyanide ka hydrogen peroxide

Selelekela

Li-tailings tsa cyanide ke lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang merafong ea khauta le liindastering tse ling tse sebelisang cyanide ts'ebetsong ea ho ntša. Ka lebaka la boteng ba metsoako e chefo ea cyanide, li-tailings tsa cyanide li baka tšokelo e kholo tikolohong. Kalafo ea hydrogen peroxide ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho sebetsana le li-tailings tsena. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba mokhoa ona oa kalafo ka botlalo.

Molao-motheo oa Phekolo ea Hydrogen Peroxide

Peroxide ea haedrojene (H₂O₂) ke sesebelisoa se matla sa ho oksida. Ha ho phekoloa li-tailings tsa cyanide, molao-motheo oa mantlha ke hore peroxide ea haedrojene e arabela le metsoako ea cyanide tikolohong ea alkaline (hangata e nang le pH ea 10 - 11). Ha e kopantsoe ke lintho (hangata li-ion tsa koporo, Cu²⁺), liketso tse latelang lia etsahala:

Cyanide (CN⁻) e na le oxidized ho cyanate (CNO⁻). Karabelo e ka hlalosoa feela ka tsela e latelang:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Tlas'a maemo a itseng, cyanate e ka arabela le ho bola ho ba dintho tse seng kotsi hakaalo, tse kang ammonia (NH₃), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), le naetrojene (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Ka mor'a moo, ammonia e ka boela ea e-ba oxidized kapa ea senyeha tlas'a maemo a loketseng a tikoloho.

Mehato ea Phekolo

Tokisetso ea Lerōle la Masalela : Taba ea pele, masalela a cyanide a hloka ho etsoa lerōle. Hangata sena se etsoa ka ho eketsa metsi masalela le ho a kopanya hantle ka setshelong se loketseng (joalo ka tanka e kholo ea ho kopanya). Ho tsitsa ha lerōle ho lokisoa ho netefatsa hore na hydrogen peroxide le likaroloana tse nang le cyanide li kopana hantle hakae.

Phetoho ea pH : PH ea slurry ea cyanide tailings e fetoloa ho ea ka tekanyo e loketseng ea alkaline, hangata pH 10 - 11. Mohato ona o bohlokoa hobane karabelo ea oxidation ea hydrogen peroxide ka cyanide e itšetlehile haholo ka boleng ba pH. Kalaka (Ca(OH)₂) kapa sodium hydroxide (NaOH) hangata e sebelisoa ho eketsa pH.

Ho Eketsa Catalyst : Li-catalyst tse thehiloeng koporong, tse kang copper sulfate (CuSO₄), li eketsoa ho slurry. Li-ion tsa koporo li ka susumetsa karabelo pakeng tsa hydrogen peroxide le cyanide, e leng se potlakisang sekhahla sa karabelo haholo. Khatello ea li-ion tsa koporo ka har'a slurry hangata e laoloa ho hoo e ka bang 50 mg/L. Leha ho le joalo, haeba mesaletsa e se e ntse e na le koporo e lekaneng kapa lintho tse ling tse susumetsang, ho eketsa catalyst ho ka 'na ha se ke ha hlokahala.

Ho Eketsa Hydrogen Peroxide : Ebe, hydrogen peroxide e eketsoa lerōleng. Bongata ba hydrogen peroxide e eketsoang bo itšetlehile ka bongata ba cyanide mesaleng. Karolelano ea molar ea hydrogen peroxide ho cyanide hangata e pakeng tsa 3:1 - 8:1. Mohlala, haeba litaba tsa cyanide mesaleng li le holimo, ho hlokahala karolelano e phahameng ea hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide e lokela ho eketsoa butle-butle ka ho hlohlelletsa ho tsoelang pele ho netefatsa kabo e ts'oanang le karabelo e felletseng.

Karabelo le ho Hlohlelletsa : Lerotholi le hlohlelletsoa khafetsa nakong ea karabelo ho netefatsa hore ho na le kamano e lekaneng pakeng tsa li-reactant. Nako ea karabelo e fapana ho latela mahloriso a pele a cyanide le sepheo sa kalafo, ka kakaretso eseng ka tlase ho lihora tse 1 - 2. Nakong ena, hydrogen peroxide e kopanya cyanide hore e be lihlahisoa tse seng kotsi haholo.

Karohano ea Metsi a Tiileng : Kamora hore karabelo e phethehe, karohano ea metsi a tiileng le a tiileng e etsoa holim'a seretse se phekotsoeng. Sena se ka finyelloa ka mekhoa e kang ho sedimentation ka har'a setenya se lateloang ke ho sefa ho sebelisoa mochine oa ho sefa. Se tiileng se arohaneng (ke hore, masala a phekotsoeng) se ka lahleloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, mohlala, se bolokiloe ka letamong le nang le masala a koahetsoeng hantle le le hlokometsoeng. Filtrate, e nang le mahloriso a fokotsehileng a cyanide le lintho tse ling, e ka phekoloa hape kapa ea sebelisoa hape ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso haeba maemo a lumela.

Lintlha tse Amang Sebetsa sa Kalafo

Ho ba le Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration : Ha ho ba le hydrogen peroxide e ngata, phello ea oxidation ho cyanide e ba betere. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e feteletseng ea hydrogen peroxide ha e eketse litšenyehelo feela empa e ka boela ea baka likarabelo tse mpe le mathata a ka bang teng tikolohong.

Boleng ba pH : Jwalo ka ha ho boletswe ka hodimo, boleng ba pH ba sistimi ya karabelo bo na le tshusumetso e kgolo hodima sekgahla sa karabelo le bokgoni. Ho kheloha ho tloha ho mefuta e metle ya pH ya 10 - 11 ho tla diehisa karabelo ya oxidation ya cyanide ka hydrogen peroxide.

Ho Hlohlelletsa ha Catalyst : Ho hlohlelletsa ha catalyst e thehiloeng koporong ho ama sekhahla sa karabelo. Haeba ho hlohlelletsa ha catalyst ho le tlase haholo, karabelo e ka ba butle haholo; haeba e le holimo haholo, e ka baka liketso tse ling tse rarahaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale 'me ea eketsa litšenyehelo.

Nako ea Karabelo : Ho hlokahala nako e lekaneng ea karabelo ho netefatsa hore cyanide e na le oxidation e felletseng ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Nako e sa lekaneng ea karabelo e tla fella ka cyanide e setseng mesaletseng e phekotsoeng.

Khatello ea Cyanide ea Pele : Ha khatello ea cyanide ea pele e phahame mesaleng, ho ba thata le ho feta ho fihlela phekolo e felletseng, 'me ho ka hlokahala hydrogen peroxide e ngata le linako tse telele tsa karabelo.

Melemo ea Phekolo ea Hydrogen Peroxide

Bokgoni bo Phahameng ba ho Oxidation : Hydrogen peroxide e ka oxidation ka katleho mefuta e fapaneng ya cyanide, ho kenyeletswa le cyanide e lokolohileng le metsoako e meng ya tshepe ya cyanide, e fokotsang chefo ya mesaletsa ya cyanide haholo.

Mokhoa o Bonolo Haholo : Ha o bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea kalafo ea cyanide (joalo ka mekhoa e rarahaneng ea ho ntša metsi ka lik'hemik'hale kapa ea phekolo ea baeloji), mokhoa oa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide o utloahala habonolo ebile o bonolo ho o sebelisa.

Kotsi e Tlase ea Tšilafalo ea Bobeli : Lihlahisoa tse tsoang ho karabelo ea oxidation ea hydrogen peroxide ha li na kotsi e kaalo. Cyanate ea sehlahisoa se mahareng e ka fetoloa lintho tse seng chefo, 'me hydrogen peroxide ka boeona e bola ka metsing le oksijene, e leng se fokotsang kotsi ea tšilafalo ea bobeli.

Tšebeliso e Pharaletseng : Mokhoa ona o sebetsa mesebetsing ea merafo e menyenyane le lifemeng tse kholo tsa indasteri, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho phekola mesaletsa ea cyanide.

Case Studies

Khamphani ea Merafo ea Khauta : Khamphani ea merafo ea khauta e fumanehang [sebakeng se itseng] e ne e e-na le palo e kholo ea li-tailings tsa cyanide tse nang le cyanide e ngata. Ba ile ba amohela mokhoa oa kalafo ea hydrogen peroxide. Ka ho ntlafatsa liparamente tsa ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsoa ho fetola pH ho ea ho 10.5. ho eketsa sulfate ea koporo ka har'a 50 mg/L e le catalyst, ba sebelisa karolelano ea hydrogen peroxide - ho - cyanide molar ea 5:1. le ho etsa karabelo ea lihora tse 1.5, ba ile ba fokotsa ka katleho khatello ea cyanide li-tailings ho ea maemong a ka tlase ho maemo a taolo. Li-tailings tse phekotsoeng li ile tsa bolokoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng letamong la li-tailings, 'me filtrate e ile ea sebelisoa hape ts'ebetsong ea merafo, ea fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi.

Ts'ebetso ea Merafo e Menyenyane : Ts'ebetso ea merafo e menyenyane ea khauta sebakeng se hōle le eona e tobane le bothata ba mesaletsa e nang le cyanide. Ka lebaka la mehloli e fokolang, ha ho nahanoa ka bonolo ba ts'ebetso ea eona, ba ile ba khetha mokhoa oa kalafo ea hydrogen peroxide. Ka ho laola ka hloko bongata ba hydrogen peroxide e ekelitsoeng ho latela litaba tse hakantsoeng tsa cyanide mesaletsang, ho lokisa pH ka lime e fumanehang sebakeng seo, le ho sebelisa mochini o bonolo oa ho kopanya, ba ile ba fokotsa chefo ea cyanide ea mesaletsa ka katleho. Le hoja sekala sa kalafo se ne se le senyenyane, se ne se lekane ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tikoloho tsa lehae bakeng sa ho lahla mesaletsa, ho sireletsa tikoloho e potolohileng tšilafalo e ka bang teng ea cyanide.

Litlhokomelo

Ho Sebetsana ka Polokeho le Peroxide ea Haedrojene : Peroxide ea Haedrojene ke sesebelisoa se matla sa ho eketsa oksijene 'me e ka ba kotsi haholo haeba e sa tšoaroe hantle. Basebetsi ba amehang ts'ebetsong ea kalafo ba lokela ho apara lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa tšireletso, tse kang liatlana, likhalase tsa mahlo le liaparo tse sireletsang. Polokelo ea hydrogen peroxide e lokela ho latela melao ea polokeho ka tieo ho thibela ho bola ka phoso kapa ho kopana le lintho tse tukang.

Tlhokomelo e Nepahetseng : Tlhokomelo e tswelang pele ya tshebetso ya karabelo e bohlokwa. Sena se kenyeletsa ho lekola boleng ba pH ba slurry nakong ya karabelo, mahloriso a hydrogen peroxide le cyanide, hammoho le mocheso wa karabelo. Ho lokela ho etswa disampole le tlhahlobo ya kamehla ho netefatsa hore tshebetso ya kalafo e tswela pele kamoo ho lebelletsweng le ho etsa diphetoho ka nako haeba ho hlokahala.

Ho Lahla Masalla a Phekotsoeng : Esita le ka mora kalafo, masalla a tiileng a lokela ho bolokoa ka letamong le tloaelehileng la masalla le fihlelang maemo a tikoloho. Letangoana la masalla a lokela ho ba le sebopeho se loketseng sa lesela ho thibela ho dutla ha dintho tse kotsi tse setseng mobung le metsing a ka tlase ho lefatshe.

Tlhahlobo ea Tšusumetso Tikolohong : Pele ho kenngoa tšebetsong mokhoa oa kalafo ea hydrogen peroxide, ho lokela ho etsoa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea tšusumetso tikolohong ho lekola litlamorao tse ka bang teng moeeng, metsing le boleng ba mobu, hammoho le tikolohong e potolohileng. Tlhahlobo ena e thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kalafo le ho netefatsa hore ho latela melaoana ea tikoloho.

Qetellong, mokhoa oa phekolo ea hydrogen peroxide o fana ka tharollo e sebetsang le e sebetsang bakeng sa phekolo ea mehatla ea cyanide. Ka ho utloisisa molao-motheo oa eona, ho latela mehato e nepahetseng ea phekolo, ho nahana ka lintlha tse susumetsang, le ho nka mehato e hlokahalang ea ho itšireletsa, mokhoa ona o ka fokotsa haholo likotsi tsa tikoloho tse bakoang ke mehatla ea cyanide, e leng se tlatsetsang ntlafatsong e tsitsitseng ea indasteri ea merafo le tšireletso ea tikoloho.