Theknoloji e Ncha ea Khauta ea Khauta: Khatello Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

1. Selelekela

Khauta esale e na le boleng bo boholo mafapheng a fapaneng, ho tloha ho ho etsa mabenyane ho isa ho tsa elektroniki le tsa lichelete. Ho fata khauta ho tsoa lirapeng tsa eona ka bokhabane le ka moruo ke ntlha ea bohlokoa indastering ea merafo ea khauta. Ea setso Cyanidation ts'ebetso, e sebelisang cyanide e le moemeli oa ho qhaqha khauta ho tloha ore, e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la sekhahla sa eona se phahameng sa leaching le khetho e ntle. Leha ho le joalo, e boetse e na le mefokolo, haholo-holo ha e sebetsana le eona Ore ea khauta e refractory. Ores ea khauta ea refractory ke eo khauta e atisang ho amahanngoa le liminerale tsa sulfide, 'me mokhoa oa setso oa cyanidation o ke ke oa ntša khauta ho bona ka katleho. Sena se lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea mahlale a macha, ao khatello ea oxidation - cyanidation process e hlahelletseng.

2. Molao-motheo oa Khatello ea Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

2.1 Khatello Oxidation

Mohato oa pele oa ts'ebetso ena e ncha ke khatello ea oxidation. Ka ores ea khauta e hanyetsang, khauta e atisa ho kenngoa ka har'a liminerale tsa sulfide tse kang pyrite le arsenopyrite. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, cyanide ha e khone ho fumana khauta ka katleho. Khatello oxidation e etsoa ka autoclave ka mocheso o phahameng (hangata 120 - 220 ° C) le likhatello (li-atmospheres tse 'maloa). Sebakeng sena sa mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng, liminerale tsa sulfide li na le oxidized. Ts'ebetso ena ea oxidation e senya liminerale tsa sulfide, e lokolla khauta e kentsoeng le ho etsa hore e fihlellehe haholoanyane bakeng sa mohato o latelang oa cyanidation.

2.2 Cyanidation

Ka mor'a khatello ea oxidation, slurry ea ore e kenngoa ts'ebetsong ea cyanidation. Li-ion tsa cyanide li sebetsana le khauta boteng ba oksijene. Khauta e etsa motsoako o qhibilihang o nang le li-ion tsa cyanide, tseo ka nako eo li ka aroloang ho likarolo tse setseng tsa ore ka mekhoa e kang ho arohana ha metsi a tiileng.

3. Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

3.1 Tokiso ea Ore

Mokhahlelo oa pele ke oa ho lokisa tšepe. Ore e tala ea khauta ea refractory e qala ho siloa ebe e siloa ka boholo bo botle. Sena se eketsa bokaholimo ba ore, e leng molemo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea khatello ea oxidation le cyanidation. Sepheo ke ho finyella boholo ba likaroloana tse lumellang hore ho be le lik'hemik'hale tse sebetsang hantle ha li ntse li laoloa mehatong e latelang ea ts'ebetso.

3.2 Mokhahlelo oa Khatello ea Oxidation

Joale ore e fatše e tšeloa ka har'a autoclave. Oksijene e kenngoa ka har'a autoclave, 'me mocheso le khatello li fetoloa ho ea maemong a loketseng. Nako ea ho lula ka har'a autoclave e fapana ho latela mofuta oa ore empa hangata ke lihora tse 'maloa. Nakong ena, liminerale tsa sulfide ka har'a ore li na le oxidized. Kamora hore ts'ebetso ea oxidation ea khatello e felile, slurry e ntšoa ho autoclave.

3.3 Sethala sa Cyanidation

Oxidized ore slurry e pholisitsoe ebe e fetisetsoa tanka ea cyanidation. Tharollo ea cyanide, hangata Sodium cyanide, e kenngoa ka tanka. The slurry e ferekanngoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho kopana ho hotle pakeng tsa tharollo ea cyanide le likaroloana tsa ore. Khauta e ka har'a ore e kopana le li-ion tsa cyanide ho etsa motsoako o qhibilihang. Ts'ebetso ea cyanidation hangata e nka lihora tse 'maloa ho fihla holimo Khauta e ntšoang tekanyo.

3.4 Ho Khutlisa Khauta

Kamora ts'ebetso ea cyanidation, mohato o latelang ke ho fumana khauta ho tsoa tharollong ea cyanide. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke k'habone - ka hare ho pulp (CIP) kapa ts'ebetso ea carbon-in-leach (CIL). Khabone e sebetsang e eketsoa tharollong ea cyanide, 'me motsoako oa khauta oa cyanide o monngoa holim'a E entsoe ka Carbon. Khabone e nang le khauta e amohuoang e aroloa ho tsoa tharollong. Mokhoa o mong ke ho fafatsa ka zinki, moo phofo ea zinki e eketsoang tharollong ea cyanide. Zinki e tlosa khauta sebakeng sa motsoako, e etsa khauta ea tšepe, e ka sefshoang le ho hloekisoa haholoanyane.

3.5 Kalafo ea Mehatla

Seretse se setseng ka mor'a ho hlaphoheloa ha khauta ke mehatla. Kaha mehatla e ka 'na ea e-ba le cyanide le lintho tse ling tse kotsi, ho hlokahala phekolo e nepahetseng. Hangata li-tailings li tlas'a mekhoa ea ho tlosa chefo ho senya cyanide e setseng. Sena se ka finyelloa ka mekhoa e kang k'hemik'hale ea oxidation kapa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko. Ka mor'a detoxification, mehatla e ka lahloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.

4. Melemo ea Khatello ea Oxidation - Cyanidation Process

4.1 Sekhahla se Phahameng sa Pholiso ea Khauta

Bakeng sa li-ores tsa khauta tse refractory, khatello ea oxidation - cyanidation process e ka fihlela litekanyetso tse phahameng haholo tsa ho khutlisa khauta ha li bapisoa le cyanidation ea setso. Maemong a mang, sekhahla sa ho khutlisa khauta se ka fihla ho feta 90%, athe cyanidation ea setso e ka fihlela 30 - 60% feela bakeng sa ores e tšoanang ea refractory. Sena se bakoa ke hore mohato oa khatello ea oxidation o lokolla khauta hantle ho liminerale tsa sulfide, e lumellang cyanide ho sebetsana le eona hantle.

4.2 Ho Ikamahanya le Maemo a Fapaneng

Ts'ebetso ena e ka sebetsana le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lirafshoa tsa khauta tse refractory, ebang li na le liminerale tse ngata tsa sulfide kapa likarolo tse ling tse rarahaneng. E fana ka maemo a feto-fetohang khethong ea tšepe bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa merafo, kaha ha li felle feela ho sebetsa habonolo - li-ores tse ka phekolehang.

4.3 Litšenyehelo - Ho sebetsa ka katleho ka nako e telele

Le hoja letsete la pele la ho aha khatello ea oxidation - semela sa cyanidation se batla se le holimo ka lebaka la tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse kang li-autoclaves, ha nako e ntse e ea, e ka ba litšenyehelo - e sebetsa hantle. Sekhahla se phahameng sa ho khutlisa khauta se bolela hore khauta e ngata e ka hlahisoa ho tsoa ho ore e lekanang, ho eketsa chelete. Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso e batlang e tsitsitse e fokotsa kotsi ea tahlehelo ea tlhahiso ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle.

5. Mathata le Litharollo

5.1 Matsete a Phahameng a Phahameng

Ho hahoa ha khatello ea oxidation - semela sa cyanidation se hloka chelete e ngata ea matsete a lichelete. Li-autoclave, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea khatello ea oxidation, li theko e boima ho li reka le ho li kenya. Ho rarolla phephetso ena, lik'hamphani tsa merafo li ka nahana ka mekhoa e kopanetsoeng - ea khoebo kapa ea nako e telele ea lichelete. Ba ka boela ba etsa liphuputso tse hlakileng tsa ho khoneha pele ba tsetela ho netefatsa katleho ea moruo ea morero.

5.2 Matšoenyeho a Tikoloho le Polokeho

Cyanide ke ntho e chefo haholo, 'me ho lutla hofe kapa hofe kapa ho lahloa ho sa nepahalang ho ka baka mathata a tebileng a tikoloho le polokeho. Ka khatello ea oxidation - ts'ebetso ea cyanidation, mehato e tiileng ea tšireletso e tlameha ho ba teng. Sena se kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lutla - lisebelisoa tsa bopaki, lits'ebetso tse koetsoeng - tsa loop bakeng sa phallo ea tharollo ea cyanide, le ho beha leihlo khafetsa maemo a cyanide tikolohong. Bakeng sa kalafo ea mesela, ho lokela ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho tlosa chefo ho etsa bonnete ba hore mehatla e lokolotsoeng ha e be kotsi tikolohong.

5.3 Mathata a Theknoloji

Ts'ebetso ea khatello ea oxidation - ts'ebetso ea cyanidation e hloka boemo bo phahameng ba boiphihlelo ba tekheniki. Basebeletsi ba hloka ho koetlisoa hantle ho sebetsa ka autoclave, ho laola mocheso le khatello, le ho netefatsa ho eketsoa ka nepo ha li-reagents ts'ebetsong ea cyanidation. Likhamphani tsa merafo li ka tsetela mananeong a koetliso bakeng sa basebetsi ba tsona kapa tsa hira litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo. Ba ka boela ba theha maqhama le litsi tsa lipatlisiso ho tsamaisana le lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tsa theknoloji le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso.

6. Qetello

Khatello ea oxidation - ts'ebetso ea cyanidation ke tsoelo-pele e kholo lefapheng la ho ntšoa ha khauta, haholo-holo bakeng sa lirafshoa tsa khauta tse refractory. E fana ka litefiso tse phahameng tsa ho khutlisa khauta, ho ikamahanya le maemo ho li-ores tse fapaneng, le litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele - katleho. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka thekenoloji efe kapa efe, e boetse e tobane le mathata a kang matsete a phahameng a lichelete, mathata a tikoloho le polokeho, le ho rarahana ha tekheniki. Ka ho rarolla mathata ana ka moralo o nepahetseng, matsete a polokeho le koetliso, le boiqapelo bo tsoelang pele ba thekenoloji, khatello ea oxidation - cyanidation process e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo nts'etsopeleng ea moshoelella ea indasteri ea merafo ea khauta.