Iyonke inkqubo ye-slime cyanidation yodidi olusasaziweyo lwegolide

1. intshayelelo

Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo loshishino lwemigodi yegolide, ubutyebi begolide obulungiswa ngokulula buyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda iinkqubo zokuxhamla kunye nokunyibilikiswa kweentsimbi zegolide ezikhanyelayo, ezinje ngegolide ene-arsenic - i-antimony vein - uhlobo olusasaziweyo. Ezi ore zibonakaliswa ngokugqibezela

x mieralogy, apho i-arsenopyrite kunye ne-stibnite zinxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo neeminerali ze-ganggue ngendlela esasaziweyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukutsalwa kwegolide kube ngumngeni. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-slime cyanidation yindlela eqhelekileyo yokutsalwa kwegolide, kodwa kolu hlobo lwentsimbi ekrwada, ihlala ijongana neengxaki ezifana nezinga legolide eliphantsi lokuvuzwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-reagent. Ukuphucula le nkqubo kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokusetyenziswa kobutyebi kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kwimigodi yegolide.

2. Iimpawu ze-Arsenic - i-Antimony Vein - Uhlobo olusasazwayo lwe-Gold Ores

2.1 Ukwakheka kwezimbiwa

Kwi-arsenic - i-antimony vein - i-ores yegolide yohlobo olusasazwayo, i-arsenopyrite kunye ne-stibnite yizona zimbiwa eziphambili ezichaphazela ukutsalwa kwegolide. Amasuntswana egolide endalo kwintsimbi ekrwada anobukhulu obungalinganiyo ngokugqithisileyo. Ziye zisasazwa kakhulu kwiintanda kunye nezithuba ze-granular ze-pyrite kunye ne-arsenopyrite, okanye zifakwe ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngamanye amaxesha, igolide ihlala kunye ne-stibnite, kwaye inxalenye yayo ifakwe kwiiminerali ze-ganggue ezifana ne-limonite okanye i-quartz. Inxalenye yepyrite kwintsimbi ekrwada ikhona njengoko isasazwa kakuhle kwiiminerali ze-ganggue kwaye inobudlelwane obusondeleyo be-symbiotic kunye ne-arsenopyrite kunye ne-marcasite. I-Arsenopyrite ngokuqhelekileyo inobungakanani besuntswana elincinci kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nepyrite. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi ekrwada ubukhulu becala yi-vein - isasazwa, uninzi lwe-stibnite kunye ne-arsenopyrite ekhule kunye neeminerali ze-ganggue ngendlela esasazwayo.

2.2 Izinto ezinobungozi

Ubukho be-arsenic (As) kunye ne-antimony (Sb) kwi-ore ayithandeki ngokugqithisileyo kwi-cyanidation leaching yegolide. Ezi zinto zinokusabela i-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, idla isixa esikhulu se-reagents kunye nokunciphisa izinga le-leaching yegolide. Umzekelo, i-arsenic inokwenza iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ze-arsenic kwisisombululo se-cyanide, ezingatyi nje kuphela i-cyanide kodwa zinokwenza iifilimu ezidlulayo kumphezulu wamasuntswana egolide, zithintele unxibelelwano phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide ion.

3. Iingxaki ezikhoyo kuzo zonke - Inkqubo yeSlime Cyanidation

3.1 Iqondo eliphantsi leGolide yokuLeaching

Ngqo zonke - i-slime cyanidation ye-arsenic - i-antimony vein - i-ore yegolide yodidi olusasaziweyo ihlala ikhokelela kwiqondo eliphantsi legolide lokuvuza. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-mineralogical eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nobukho bezinto ezinobungozi, igolide inzima ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo yi-cyanide. Kwezinye iintsimbi ezikrwada, iqondo elithe ngqo le-slime cyanidation recovery rate kuphela malunga nama-47.62%.

3.2 UkuSetyenziswa kwe-Reagent ephezulu

Inkqubo ye-cyanidation ifuna isixa esikhulu se-cyanide njenge-agent leaching. Nangona kunjalo, phambi kwe-arsenic, i-antimony kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwanda kakhulu. Ukongeza, ubukho bezinye iiminerali zesulfide kwi-ore bungaphinda bube ne-cyanide, okongezelelekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwe-reagent. Umzekelo, ukusabela kweeminerali ze-sulfide kunye ne-cyanide kunokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cyano-complexes, ukunciphisa ukuxinwa kwe-cyanide yasimahla kwi-slurry kunye nokubuyiswa kwegolide.

4. IziCwangciso zokuPhucula kuzo zonke-iNkqubo yeSlime Cyanidation

4.1 Iindlela zoNyango lwangaphambili

4.1.1 I-Alkaline Leaching Pretreatment

Ukusebenzisa i-NaOH njenge-alkaline leaching agent inokususa ngokufanelekileyo ezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-orthogonal factorial, kuye kwamiselwa ukuba kwezinye ii-ores, xa i-mineral grinding fineness yi-200 mesh accounting ye-85%, i-alkaline leaching concentration yi-60 kg / t, ixesha le-alkaline leaching yi-32 h, kunye nobushushu be-alkaline leaching yi-26 ° C, umphumo olandelayo unokuphucula i-cyanid. I-alkaline leaching inokunyibilikisa i-arsenic ethile - kunye ne-antimony - equkethe iiminerali ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ukunciphisa impembelelo yabo engalunganga kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation.

4.1.2 Unyango lwangaphambili lwe-Acid

Ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kwe-Acid, njengokusebenzisa i-nitric acid (HNO₃) kunye ne-hydrochloric acid (HCl), nayo inokusebenza. Ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kwe-Acid kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokunyangwa kwe-asidi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunokuncitshiswa ngo-340 - 210 mg / L ngokulandelanayo, kwaye amazinga okubuyisela igolide ahambelanayo anokunyusa ukuya kuma-98.87% kunye ne-95.11%. Ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kwe-Acid kunokunyibilikisa ezinye iiminerali ze-carbonate kunye nenxalenye yeeminerali ze-sulfide kwi-ore, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezi zimbiwa kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation.

4.1.3 Ukuqhotsa Unyango lwangaphambili

Ukuqhotsa intsimbi ekrwada kwi-600 - 1000 °C nge-0.5 - 2 h phambi kokuba i-cyanidation ifumane iziphumo ezilungileyo. Iziphumo ze-cyanidation kwiisampuli ezigcadiweyo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kuncitshiswe kakhulu nge-1150 mg / L, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela igolide linyuka nge-5.2%. Ukongeza, imixholo ye-arsenic, i-antimony, i-cadmium, kunye I-MERCURY kwisampulu egcadiweyo (eyosiwe kwi-1000 °C i-2 h) iyancipha kakhulu. Ukugcada kunokuguqula iiminerali zesulfide zibe yintsimbi oxides, nto leyo eyenza ukuba igolide ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwicyanide leaching.

4.2 UkuPhuculwa kweeMeko zeCyanidation

4.2.1 Uxinzelelo lweCyanide

Kwii-ores ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo, ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-cyanide lufuna ukumiselwa. Kuhlobo lokuqala lwesampulu ye-ore equlethe i-10.5 ppm yegolide ene-arsenic ephezulu kunye ne-antimony, i-concentration ye-cyanide efanelekileyo yi-4000 mg / L, ngelixa uhlobo lwesibini lwesampulu ye-ore kunye nomxholo wegolide ophantsi (2.5 ppm) kodwa umxholo ophezulu wesilivere (160 ppm), i-optimum cyanide concentration yi-2500 mg / L. Ukulungelelaniswa koxinzelelo lwecyanide ngokweempawu zeore kunokuqinisekisa ukuvuza kwegolide okusebenzayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa inkunkuma yeagent.

4.2.2 pH Ixabiso

Ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo se-cyanidation nalo linefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimpembelelo ye-leaching. Kwisampulu yokuqala, eyona pH iphezulu yi-11.1. kunye nesampulu yesibini, eyona pH iphezulu yi-10.5. Ukugcina ixabiso elifanelekileyo le-pH kunokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide kunye nokukhuthaza ukusabela phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide ions.

4.2.3 Ixesha leCyanidation

Ixesha le-cyanidation kufuneka liphuculwe. Kuzo zombini iindidi zeesampulu ezikhankanywe ngasentla, ixesha elifanelekileyo le-cyanidation yi-24 h. Ukolula ixesha le-cyanidation akunakunyusa kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela igolide kodwa kuya kwandisa iindleko zemveliso. Ke ngoko, ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo le-cyanidation libalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

4.2.4 Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Agents ezixutywayo

Ukusebenzisa i-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-H₂O₂ (0.015 M), umoya (0.15 L / min), okanye umxube we-H₂O₂ kunye nomoya unokuphucula i-kinetics ye-extraction yegolide. Phakathi kwabo, inaliti yomoya ineyona mpembelelo iluncedo kakhulu kwi-kinetics ye-leaching. Ii-oxidizing agents zinokuguqula ezinye izinto ezincitshisiweyo kwi-ore zibe ziifom ezine-oxidized, ezikhuthaza ukuchithwa kwegolide.

5. Imizekelo

Kumgodi wegolide eGansu, yonke inkqubo ye-slime cyanidation ye-arsenic - i-antimony vein - uhlobo lwentsimbi ekrwada esasazwayo lwaphuculwa. Ngokusebenzisa i-alkaline leaching pretreatment kunye ne-NaOH, ukwandisa ukucoleka kokusila, ukugxininiswa kwe-alkaline leaching, ixesha, kunye nobushushu, kwaye emva koko ukwenza i-cyanidation ngogxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-NaCN kunye nexesha le-cyanidation, izinga le-cyanide leaching lenyuke ukusuka kwi-47.62% yokuqala ukuya kwi-85.04%. Kwelinye icala, kwidiphozithi yegolide enokwakheka kwe-ore entsonkothileyo, emva kokunyangwa kwangaphambili kwe-asidi kunye nokuqhotswa kwangaphambili, kwaye emva koko uhlengahlengiso Iimeko zeCyanidation, izinga lokubuyisela igolide liye laphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide kwancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

6. Isiphelo

Ukuphucula yonke - inkqubo ye-slime cyanidation ye-arsenic - i-antimony vein - uhlobo lwe-ores yegolide esasazwayo yindlela esebenzayo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Ngokukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango ezinje nge-alkaline leaching, pretreatment yeasidi, kunye nokugcadiswa kwangaphambili, kunye nokuphucula iimeko zecyanidation kubandakanya ukugxilwa kwecyanide, ixabiso le-pH, ixesha le-cyanidation, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-oxidizing agents, uphuculo olubalulekileyo lunokufezekiswa kwireyithi yokuvuza kwegolide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-reagent. Imigodi yegolide eyahlukeneyo kufuneka ikhethe iindlela zokuphucula ngokweempawu zabo ze-ore ukuphumeza ezona nzuzo zingcono zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.