Izisombululo eziLuhlaza kwiMigodi yeGolide: I-Sodium Cyanide Substitutes e-Indonesia

I-Indonesia lelona lizwe likhulu kwi-ASEAN, kunye nommandla womhlaba we-1.919 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha kunye nommandla wolwandle we-3.16 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha (ngaphandle kwendawo yoqoqosho olulodwa). Ilizwe lityebile ngemithombo yezimbiwa. Iiminerali ezinkulu zesinyithi ziquka i-bauxite, i-nickel, isanti yentsimbi, ubhedu, i-tin, igolide kunye nesilivere; iiminerali ezingezizo ezentsimbi ikakhulu ziquka amalahle, ikalika, kunye negranite. Kukho noovimba abathile be-zinc, I-MERCURY, manganese, ilothe, kaolin, andesite, isanti yequartz, feldspar, dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphate, kunye negypsum. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetekhnoloji yokuphononongwa kwejoloji ephelelwe lixesha, umsebenzi obuthathaka weenkcukacha-manani, kunye nophuhliso olulambathayo lwezibonelelo kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa, urhulumente unolwazi olungaphelelanga lwemithombo yakhe yovimba. Ixesha elide, izixhobo zezimbiwa ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zisetyenziswa ziinkampani zangaphandle. Ngokwezibalo zoMphathiswa wezaMandla kunye neMineral Resources yase-Indonesia, iindawo zokugcina izimbiwa zegolide kunye nokuhanjiswa zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: oovimba begolide bamalunga ne-1.91 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nokugcinwa okuqinisekisiweyo kweetoni ezi-3.200, ezisasazwa kakhulu eSumatra, eSulawesi, eKalimantan nasePapua. Ngo-2023. imveliso yayimalunga neetoni ezili-132, malunga neekhilogram ezingama-890 zeebha zegolide ezithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle. Ukwembiwa kwegolide kuye kwatsala oosomashishini abaninzi baseTshayina nabatyali-mali. E-Indonesia, imigodi yegolide ihlelwa ngokubanzi ngokwemigodi yegolide e-alluvial kunye ne-ores ene-oxidized. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwemfumba esetyenziselwa iore oxidized yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yotyalo-mali oluphantsi kunye nembuyekezo ekhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwemfumba kunyanzeliswa kukuthengwa kwempahla, imithombo yolwazi, kunye netekhnoloji yokwakha, ekhokelela uninzi lwabanini migodi ukuba baqale basebenzise. Isodium cyanide.

Sodium i-cyanide ibeka imiba emininzi eIndonesia. Okokuqala, iindleko zokuthenga ziphezulu, ngexabiso lemarike malunga ne-50.000 ukuya kwi-60.000 RMB ngetoni. Isibini, Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu; Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukufunxwa kwesikhumba kunokukhokelela kwityhefu ebukhali. Isithathu, sodium cyanide iphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lukarhulumente wase-Indonesia, kunye nemvume engqongqo kunye nolawulo lokuthengisa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthutha. Le miba iqondwa kakuhle ngabatyali-mali bethu baseTshayina, kodwa bekusoloko kukho ukunqongophala kwezisombululo ezisebenzayo.

Kwangoko ngo-2016. iiarhente ezininzi zokutsalwa kwegolide ngokusingqongileyo zaphuhliswa eTshayina kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Shaanxi United Chemical yinkampani egxile kwimveliso kunye nophando lwe-hydrogen cyanide derivatives kunye ii-arhente zokumba igolide ezivumelana nokusingqongileyo. Eyona ntsebenzo ye-ejenti ye-Shaanxi United ehambelana nokusingqongileyo yokukhutshwa kwegolide ingathatha indawo ye-sodium cyanide kwaye ithengisiwe kwaye isetyenziswe kumazwe angaphezu kweshumi kwihlabathi jikelele, ifumana ukunconywa okubanzi kubathengi.

1. Iimpawu ze-Shaanxi United ye-ejenti yokuthuthwa kwegolide ehambelana nokusingqongileyo zezi zilandelayo:

2. zinobungane bendalo kunye neemveliso eziluhlaza (zivavanywa ngamasebe agunyazisiweyo, iimveliso zihlelwa njengempahla eqhelekileyo);

3. banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokubuyisela kwakhona (ukulungele ukuvuthwa kweemfumba, ukuchithwa kwe-pool, ukuvuza, njl.);

4. banozinzo olufanelekileyo (kunye ne-stabilizers esebenzayo yongezwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwizinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-S kunye ne-As);

5. banoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo (ezisetyenziswa kwi-ores yegolide ene-oxidized, i-primary ores, i-sulfuric slag, i-concentrate yegolide, i-anode mud, njl.);

6. kulula ukuyisebenzisa (ixabiso le-pH le-10-12. idosi kunye nendlela inokulungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo neenkqubo ze-cyanide);

7. zixabisa ngokufanelekileyo, zinciphisa kakhulu iindleko zotyalo-mali xa kuthelekiswa ne-sodium cyanide.

Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa

1. Umda wosetyenziso:

1. Iindidi ze-Ore eziSebenzayo: Igolide kunye nesilivere ye-oxide ores, i-ore yendalo, i-high-sulfur kunye ne-high-arsenic ores yegolide, i-cyanide tailings, i-concentrate yegolide, iintsalela ze-sulfuric acid, udaka lwe-anode, njl.

2. IiNdlela eziSebenzayo zokuLungisa iiMinerali: Imfumba yemfumba, i-pond leaching, i-carbon-in-pulp (i-stirred leaching), njl.

2. Ifom yeMveliso: Umgubo oqinileyo okanye ifom yegranular

3. Indlela Yokuphelisa: Ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo emanzini kwindawo yobushushu begumbi ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa (ngokubanzi, ukunyibilika kunokukhawuleziswa kumanzi aqukuqelayo okanye ngokushukumisa ngokucokisekileyo; ngexesha leemfumba, idama lokudosa linokwakhiwa kumda wechibi lesisombululo esibi ukuvumela ukubuya kwamanzi emva konyango lwekhabhoni esebenzayo ukuhlamba iarhente yokutsalwa kwegolide kwichibi lesisombululo esibi).

4. Uhlengahlengiso lwe-pH: Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-lime okanye i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa nokugcina ixabiso le-pH phakathi kwe-10-12; xa ixabiso le-pH lamanzi liyancipha, i-alkalinity kufuneka ilungiswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo; ukuba ixabiso le-pH lihlala liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-12) ixesha elide, kunokukhokelela ekwenziweni kwesikali se-alkaline esichaphazela i-carbon adsorption esebenzayo okanye kubangele ukugqithiswa kwamanzi okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle.

5. Ubalo lwethamo:

1. I-dosage ingabhekiselwa kwisixa sokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe iimvavanyo zokusetyenzwa kweeminerali kwaye kubhekiselele kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-1-2 g / t ye-ores yegolide ye-oxide, kunye noxinaniso lwe-agent ye-extraction yegolide ngokubanzi igcinwe kwi-0.3-0.8 ‰, ilungelelaniswe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ore kunye namacandelo ayingozi).

2. Indlela yokubala yoThamo: Idosi eyongezelelweyo ye-arhente yokukhutshwa kwegolide = (ixabiso loxinaniso elilelona liphezulu - ixabiso elilinganisiweyo loxinzelelo lwangoku) × umthamo wamanzi kwidama lokudosa; umzekelo, ukuba elona xabiso logxininiso lwe-arhente yokutsalwa kwegolide yi-1.5 ‰ (esekelwe kumthamo wamanzi), kunye nokubuyiswa kwamanzi okubuyiswa yi-0.6 ‰, kunye ne-500 cubic metres yamanzi kwi-pool yesisombululo esibi, ngoko idosi eyongezelelweyo iya kuba: (1.5 - 0.6) × 500 = 450 kg.

6. Inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kweMveliso: (Ngokungqinelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimfumba ye-leaching kunye ne-carbon leaching process)

1. Imfumba yemfumba kunye neNkqubo yokuLeaching echibini: Yityumza intsimbi ekrwada ekrwada, yifumba/yidibanise, ivundiswe, i-adsorb ngekhabhoni esebenzayo (i-zinc powder replacement), i-electrowinning, kunye nokunyibilikiswa.

2. Inkqubo yeCarbon-in-Pulp (I-Stirred Leaching): Yityumza intsimbi ekrwada ekrwada, yicole, i-carbon leach, i-electrowinning, kunye nokunyibilikisa.

Imeko eyimpumelelo ye-Reagent yeGolide yoMbiwa ngokuSingqongileyo

Umgodi weGolide weLingbao Wenyu eHenan wenze iimvavanyo zaselabhorethri kunye neshishini kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha obunetyhefu obuncinci be-reagent ye-reagent yegolide kwiprojekthi yayo epheleleyo ye-lime cyanidation. Uvavanyo lufezekise izikhombisi ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza. Xa i-fineness yokusila yayiyi-0.074mm enomxholo omkhulu kune-90%, i-pulp concentration yayiyi-40%, i-lime dosage yayiyi-3kg / t, ixesha lokunyangwa kwe-alkaline yayiziiyure ze-2, umthamo we i-arhente yokutshiza igolide ehambelana nokusingqongileyo yayiyi-600g/t, kwaye ixesha lokuvuza yayiziiyure ezingama-24, izinga legolide lokuvuza lafikelela kuma-95.60%. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba le reagent ingathatha indawo yesodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide. Okwangoku, i-reagent isetyenzisiwe. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-cyanide leaching, izinga le-leaching landa ngo-1.4%, i-dosage ye-reagent yancitshiswa nge-200g / t, kwaye ixesha lokucoca lancitshiswa ngaphezu kweeyure ze-12. Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwetyhefu ye-leaching ye-tailings evela kwi-ejenti ye-leaching yegolide ehambelana nokusingqongileyo ibonise ukuba ixabiso letyhefu ye-cyanide, ubhedu, ilothe, i-zinc, kunye ne-arsenic kwi-tailings zonke zazingaphakathi kwimida eqhelekileyo, evumela ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kwesidingo sonyango lwe-detoxification.

Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwe iarhente yokukhetha igolide ehambelana nokusingqongileyos, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingcali yobugcisa iqhube iimvavanyo kwizigaba zokuqala zemigodi. Oku kungenxa yokuba imimandla yemigodi eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ekrwada ziya kunika iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kunye neearhente zokukhetha. Idosi efanelekileyo kunye nokuba yongezwe ezinye izinto zekhemikhali kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lokuqala. Ngeli xesha, Shaanxi United Chemical iya kubonelela ngazo zonke iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ukukunceda ekugqibezeleni iimvavanyo.

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