Izisombululo eziLuhlaza kwiMigodi yeGolide: I-Sodium Cyanide Substitutes e-Indonesia

I-Indonesia lelona lizwe likhulu kwi-ASEAN, elinomhlaba ongama-1.919 ezigidi zeekhilomitha zesikwere kunye nommandla wolwandle ongama-3.16 ezigidi zeekhilomitha zesikwere (ngaphandle kwendawo yezoqoqosho ekhethekileyo). Eli lizwe lityebile kwimithombo yezimbiwa. Iiminerali eziphambili zesinyithi ziquka i-bauxite, i-nickel, isanti yesinyithi, ubhedu, i-tin, igolide, kunye nesilivere; iiminerali ezingezizo zesinyithi ziquka ikakhulu amalahle, ilimestone, kunye negranite. Kukwakho neendawo ezithile zokugcina i-zinc, i-mercury, i-manganese, i-lead, i-kaolin, i-andesite, isanti ye-quartz, i-feldspar, i-dolomite, i-bentonite, i-zeolite, i-phosphate, kunye ne-gypsum. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetekhnoloji yokuhlola i-geological endala, umsebenzi obuthathaka wezibalo, kunye nokukwazi ukuphuhlisa nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo, urhulumente akanalo ulwazi olupheleleyo ngemithombo yakhe yokugcina. Kangangexesha elide, imithombo yezimbiwa iye yaphuhliswa kwaye yasetyenziswa ziinkampani zangaphandle. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiSebe leMithombo yezaMandla neziMbiwa lase-Indonesia, iindawo zokugcina kunye nokusasazwa kwemithombo yezimbiwa zegolide zezi zilandelayo: iindawo zokugcina igolide zimalunga ne-1.91 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye neendawo zokugcina eziqinisekisiweyo ze-3.200 zeetoni, ezisasazwa kakhulu eSumatra, eSulawesi, eKalimantan, nasePapua. Ngo-2023, imveliso yayimalunga ne-132 yeetoni, kunye neekhilogram ezingama-890 zeebhari zegolide ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukwembiwa kwegolide kutsale oosomashishini abaninzi baseTshayina kunye nabatyali-mali. E-Indonesia, imigodi yegolide ngokubanzi yahlulwe yaba yimigodi yegolide ye-alluvial kunye nee-ore ezixidiweyo. Inkqubo yokukhupha i-heap esetyenziselwa ii-ore ezixidiweyo yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngenxa yotyalo-mali oluphantsi kunye nembuyekezo ekhawulezileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwe-heap leaching kuthintelwe kukuthengwa, imithombo yolwazi, kunye netekhnoloji yokwakha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni uninzi lwabanini bemigodi basebenzise iSodium cyanide ekuqaleni.

I-sodium cyanide ibangela iingxaki ezininzi e-Indonesia. Okokuqala, iindleko zokuthenga ziphezulu, ixabiso lemarike limalunga ne-50.000 ukuya kwi-60.000 RMB ngetoni. Okwesibini, i-Sodium Cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu; ukuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukufunxwa kwesikhumba kunokukhokelela kwityhefu ebukhali. Okwesithathu, i-sodium cyanide iphantsi kolawulo olungqongqo ngurhulumente wase-Indonesia, kunye neemvume ezingqongqo kunye nolawulo lokuthengisa, ukugcina, kunye nokuthutha. Le micimbi iqondwa kakuhle ngabatyali-mali bethu baseTshayina, kodwa bekusoloko kukho ukunqongophala kwezisombululo ezizezinye ezisebenzayo.

Kwangoko ngo-2016. iiarhente ezininzi zokutsalwa kwegolide ngokusingqongileyo zaphuhliswa eTshayina kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Shaanxi United Chemical yinkampani egxile kwimveliso kunye nophando lwe-hydrogen cyanide derivatives kunye ii-arhente zokumba igolide ezivumelana nokusingqongileyo. Eyona ntsebenzo ye-ejenti ye-Shaanxi United ehambelana nokusingqongileyo yokukhutshwa kwegolide ingathatha indawo ye-sodium cyanide kwaye ithengisiwe kwaye isetyenziswe kumazwe angaphezu kweshumi kwihlabathi jikelele, ifumana ukunconywa okubanzi kubathengi.

1. Iimpawu ze-Shaanxi United ye-ejenti yokuthuthwa kwegolide ehambelana nokusingqongileyo zezi zilandelayo:

2. zinobungane bendalo kunye neemveliso eziluhlaza (zivavanywa ngamasebe agunyazisiweyo, iimveliso zihlelwa njengempahla eqhelekileyo);

3. banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokubuyisela kwakhona (ukulungele ukuvuthwa kweemfumba, ukuchithwa kwe-pool, ukuvuza, njl.);

4. banozinzo olufanelekileyo (kunye ne-stabilizers esebenzayo yongezwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwizinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-S kunye ne-As);

5. banoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo (ezisetyenziswa kwi-ores yegolide ene-oxidized, i-primary ores, i-sulfuric slag, i-concentrate yegolide, i-anode mud, njl.);

6. kulula ukuyisebenzisa (ixabiso le-pH le-10-12. idosi kunye nendlela inokulungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo neenkqubo ze-cyanide);

7. zixabisa ngokufanelekileyo, zinciphisa kakhulu iindleko zotyalo-mali xa kuthelekiswa ne-sodium cyanide.

Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa

1. Umda wosetyenziso:

1. Iindidi ze-Ore eziSebenzayo: Igolide kunye nesilivere ye-oxide ores, i-ore yendalo, i-high-sulfur kunye ne-high-arsenic ores yegolide, i-cyanide tailings, i-concentrate yegolide, iintsalela ze-sulfuric acid, udaka lwe-anode, njl.

2. Iindlela Zokucubungula Izimbiwa Ezifanelekileyo: Ukucocwa kweenqwaba, ukucocwa kweedama, ukucocwa kweCarbon -in-pulp (ukucocwa okuxutyiweyo), njl.

2. Ifomu yeMveliso: Umgubo oqinileyo okanye uhlobo lwegranular

3. Indlela yokunyibilikisa: Yinyibilikise ngokupheleleyo emanzini kubushushu begumbi ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziselwe (ngokubanzi, ukunyibilikisa kunokukhawuleziswa emanzini ahambayo okanye ngokuxukuxa kakuhle; ngexesha lokuhluza inqwaba, ichibi lokulinganisa linokwakhiwa kumphetho wechibi lesisombululo esibi ukuvumela amanzi abuyele emva konyango lwekhabhoni esebenzayo ukuhlamba iarhente yokukhupha igolide kwichibi lesisombululo esibi).

4. Uhlengahlengiso lwe-pH: Ngokubanzi, ilayimu okanye i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokugcina ixabiso le-pH liphakathi kwe-10-12; xa ixabiso le-pH yamanzi abuyayo lihla, i-alkalinity kufuneka ilungiswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo; ukuba ixabiso le-pH lihlala liphezulu kakhulu (lingaphezulu kwe-12) ixesha elide, linokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwesikali se-alkaline esichaphazela ukutsalwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo okanye sibangele ukudlula kolwelo okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching.

5. Ubalo lwethamo:

1. I-dosage ingabhekiselwa kwisixa sokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe iimvavanyo zokusetyenzwa kweeminerali kwaye kubhekiselele kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-1-2 g / t ye-ores yegolide ye-oxide, kunye noxinaniso lwe-agent ye-extraction yegolide ngokubanzi igcinwe kwi-0.3-0.8 ‰, ilungelelaniswe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ore kunye namacandelo ayingozi).

2. Indlela yokubala yoThamo: Idosi eyongezelelweyo ye-arhente yokukhutshwa kwegolide = (ixabiso loxinaniso elilelona liphezulu - ixabiso elilinganisiweyo loxinzelelo lwangoku) × umthamo wamanzi kwidama lokudosa; umzekelo, ukuba elona xabiso logxininiso lwe-arhente yokutsalwa kwegolide yi-1.5 ‰ (esekelwe kumthamo wamanzi), kunye nokubuyiswa kwamanzi okubuyiswa yi-0.6 ‰, kunye ne-500 cubic metres yamanzi kwi-pool yesisombululo esibi, ngoko idosi eyongezelelweyo iya kuba: (1.5 - 0.6) × 500 = 450 kg.

6. Inkqubo Yokusetyenziswa Kwemveliso: (Ihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwiinkqubo zokukhupha i-heap kunye nokukhupha i-carbon)

1. Imfumba yemfumba kunye neNkqubo yokuLeaching echibini: Yityumza intsimbi ekrwada ekrwada, yifumba/yidibanise, ivundiswe, i-adsorb ngekhabhoni esebenzayo (i-zinc powder replacement), i-electrowinning, kunye nokunyibilikiswa.

2. Inkqubo yeCarbon-in-Pulp (I-Stirred Leaching): Yityumza intsimbi ekrwada ekrwada, yicole, i-carbon leach, i-electrowinning, kunye nokunyibilikisa.

Imeko eyimpumelelo ye-Reagent yeGolide yoMbiwa ngokuSingqongileyo

Umgodi weGolide iLingbao Wenyu eHenan wenze uvavanyo lwelebhu kunye nolwemizi-mveliso usebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha ye-reagent yokukhupha igolide engenatyhefu kwiprojekthi yayo epheleleyo ye-cyanidation yelayisi. Olu vavanyo lufumene izalathisi ezifanelekileyo zokucubungula. Xa ubuncinci bokugaywa babuyi-0.074mm kunye nomxholo ongaphezulu kwe-90%, uxinaniso lwepulp lwaluyi-40%, umlinganiselo welayisi wawuyi-3kg/t, ixesha lonyango lwe-alkaline laliyiiyure ezi-2, umlinganiselo we- arhente yokukhupha igolide enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo yayiyi-600g/t, kwaye ixesha lokukhupha laliyiiyure ezingama-24, izinga lokukhupha igolide lifikelele kwi-95.60%. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba le reagent ingathatha indawo ye-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide. Okwangoku, i-reagent isetyenzisiwe. Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhupha i-cyanide, izinga lokukhupha ilayisi linyuke nge-1.4%, umlinganiselo we-reagent uncitshiswe yi-200g/t, kwaye ixesha lokukhupha ilayisi lifinyezwe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-12. Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwetyhefu yokutsalwa kweentsila ezivela kwiarhente yokutsalwa kwegolide enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo lubonise ukuba amaxabiso etyhefu yokutsalwa kwe-cyanide, i-copper, i-lead, i-zinc, kunye ne-arsenic kwiintsila zonke zazingaphakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kwesidingo sonyango lokukhupha ubuthi.

Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwe iarhente yokukhetha igolide ehambelana nokusingqongileyos, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingcali yobugcisa iqhube iimvavanyo kwizigaba zokuqala zemigodi. Oku kungenxa yokuba imimandla yemigodi eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ekrwada ziya kunika iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kunye neearhente zokukhetha. Idosi efanelekileyo kunye nokuba yongezwe ezinye izinto zekhemikhali kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lokuqala. Ngeli xesha, Shaanxi United Chemical iya kubonelela ngazo zonke iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ukukunceda ekugqibezeleni iimvavanyo.

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