Ukukhulisa Isivuno Esivela Kuma-ore Egolide Ase-Cupriferous aseZambia: Izixazululo Ezithuthukisiwe Ze-Reagent
IZambia idume umhlaba wonke ngengcebo yayo enkulu yethusi, kodwa umkhakha wayo wegolide ukhula ngokushesha. Kusukela emibuthanweni emikhulu yokubuyisa igolide emikhiqizweni emikhulu njengeMayini iKansanshi yeFirst Quantum eSolwezi (eSifundazweni saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga), kuya kumaphrojekthi egolide ayinhloko ezifundeni zaseMumbwa, eKasenseli, naseRufuna. Kodwa-ke, ukuvula igolide endaweni ye-geological yaseZambia kuveza izithiyo ezinkulu zensimbi nezokuthutha ezidinga amasu akhethekile kakhulu okuvuselela igolide.
Kwabaqondisi Bensimbi Abayinhloko kanye Nabaqondisi Bokuthengwa Kwempahla eZambia, izindawo ezintathu ezibuhlungu kakhulu zibusa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Okokuqala, Ama-Ore Ane-Cupriferous Ores (Ama-Cyanicides Ethusi-Igolide): Iningi legolide laseZambia ligcinwe kuma-matrices acebile ngethusi. Amaminerali ethusi (njenge-chalcocite, i-bornite, kanye ne-malachite) asebenza njenge-"cyanicides" enamandla, okusho ukuthi adla ngokushesha inani elikhulu le -cyanide yamahhala ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukuncibilikisa igolide. Lokhu kwandisa izindleko ze-reagent futhi kunciphisa isivuno segolide. Okwesibili, Ukungena Okuvaliwe Nokuvinjelwa Kwemingcele: Njengesizwe esivaliwe, ukungeniswa kwamakhemikhali kumele kudlule echwebeni laseDar es Salaam (eTanzania), eBeira (eMozambique), noma eDurban (eNingizimu Afrika). Ukususa Izimpahla Eziyingozi Zekilasi 6.1 (NaCN) ngezindawo zomngcele ezidumile njengeNakonde/Tunduma noma eKasumbalesa kuvame ukubangela ukulibaziseka kwamasonto. Okwesithathu, Imithethonqubo Eqinile ye-ZEMA: I-Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) iphoqelela imithethonqubo eqinile kakhulu ekukhishweni kwe-cyanide kanye nokugcinwa kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi, ifuna izinqubo zokuthobela ezibizayo ezivela kubasebenzi bezimayini.
United Chemical uklame i-reagent matrix eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuxazulula izinselele ze-ore eziqinile zaseZambia kanye nezokuhlela. Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezicwebezelayo ezihlanzekile kakhulu, kusebenze amandla okumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. I-Carbonkanye nezinye izindlela zokukhipha indle ezingeyona ingozi, sinika amandla izimayini zaseZambia ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, ukuqeda ukubambezeleka kwemingcele, kanye nokufeza ukuvuselelwa okuphezulu kwensimbi.
I-Chemical Matrix Eyenzelwe Izitshalo Zethusi Negolide ZaseZambia
I-AuCyan™ Sodium Cyanide NaCN (≥98.3%)
Lapho kucutshungulwa ama-ore acebile ngethusi ezifundazweni zaseCopperbelt naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, ukugcina ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-cyanide yamahhala esebenzayo akunakwenzeka ukuze kunqotshwe ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi eyisisekelo.
Ukunqoba Ama-Cyanicides e-Cupriferous: I-AuCyan™ inesiqinisekiso sokuthi ihlanzekile esingu-≥98.3%. Lokhu kuhlanzekile okuphezulu kakhulu kunikeza ukugcwala okukhulu kwama-ion e-CN⁻, okwanelisa ukwakheka kwe-copper-cyanide okusheshayo [Cu(CN)₃²⁻] kokuqala ngenkathi kushiya i-cyanide yamahhala esebenzayo eyanele ukuqhuba ukuncibilika kwegolide okusheshayo [Au(CN)₂⁻], ekugcineni kuvimbele ukudlula kwegolide futhi kuthuthukise ukululama okuphelele.
Ukupakishwa Okuqinile Okuwela Umngcele: Ukuze usinde ekuhambeni okude nokuqinile okuvela eDar es Salaam noma eThekwini, i-AuCyan™ iboshwe ngama-drum ensimbi aqinile aqinisekiswe yi-UN anezingqimba eziningi zangaphakathi ezingangeni manzi, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bomkhiqizo lapho ufika eNdola noma eSolwezi.
I-AuCarb™ Gold Recovery Coconut Shell Activated Carbon (≥99% Ubulukhuni)
Izitshalo zaseZambia ze-CIL/CIP zivame ukubhekana nodaka oluminyene, olunamandla aphezulu. I-activated carbon kumele ibe namandla amakhulu okusebenza ukuze ivimbele ukuqhekeka nokulahleka kwegolide.
Akukho Kuncipha Kwama-slurries Aminyene: Yakhiwe ngama -Coconut Shell ase-Indonesia akhethwe ngokucophelela ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza komusi okushisa okuphezulu, i-AuCarb™ inesilinganiso sokuqina esimangalisayo esingu-≥99%. Imelana namandla anamandla okukhuhla okuphakathi kwezigaba kanye nokushukuma okukhulu, ivimbela ukwakheka kwezinhlawulo zekhabhoni ezigcwele igolide ezibalekela emadamini aseZambia.
Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Kwe-Elution: Isakhiwo se-macro kanye ne-mesopore se-AuCarb esilinganiswe kahle sivumela ukulayisha okunamandla kusekethe ye-CIL kanye nokuphuma kwegolide okusheshayo, okuphelele kumasekethe e-AARL noma e-Zadra elution kanye ne-electrowinning.
I-AuLeach™ Gold Leaching Agent (GDA) - Ayiyona Ingozi
EZambia evaliwe, ukubambezeleka kwezingozi zemingcele kuyingozi enkulu yokusebenza. I-AuLeach™ inikeza indlela ehambisana ne-ZEMA, engeyona ingozi edlula ngokuphelele izithiyo zemingcele.
Ukulibaziseka Komngcele we-Hazmat: Ngenxa yokuthi i-AuLeach™ ihlukaniswa njengezimpahla zezimboni ezivamile, ayidingi izimvume eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-Class 6.1, ukuphelezelwa ngamaphoyisa, noma amadokhumenti okuthutha akhethekile. Isula imingcele ye-Nakonde/Tunduma ne-Chirundu ngokushesha, isindisa amasonto esikhathi sokuhamba futhi inciphise kakhulu izindleko zokuthutha ngaphakathi ezweni.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yezemvelo ye-ZEMA: Njenge-reagent engenayo i-cyanide, i-AuLeach™ yenza lula kakhulu ubudlelwano bakho ne-Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA). Iqeda isidingo sezitshalo ezibizayo zokususa ubuthi be-INCO cyanide futhi ithola amalayisense okusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kosongo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba endawo.
Ukulethwa Kwezinto Ezithembekile Nokuthuthwa Kwechweba Elihlelekile
United Chemical ibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokucaca ochungechungeni lwethu lokuhlinzeka. Sigxile ekuthuthweni kwempahla okuqinile nobungcweti okwenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-reagent akho afinyelela emachwebeni angena ngokuthembekile nangokuphephile.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthutha Emhlabeni Wonke: Sisebenzisa imigqa yokuthumela ebaluleke kakhulu emachwebeni amakhulu aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika, okuhlanganisa iTheku laseDar es Salaam kanye neTheku laseDurban, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-oda lakho liphathwa ngezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokuphepha kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-CIF kanye ne-FOB: Sinikeza izinketho zokulethwa ze-CIF (Izindleko, Umshuwalense, kanye Nempahla) ezincintisanayo nezithembekile kanye ne-FOB (Mahhala Ebhodini) ezenzelwe izidingo zakho ezithile zochungechunge lokuphakelwa.
Ukudluliselwa Okungenamthungo: Sigxila ekuletheni amakhemikhali ahlanzekile kakhulu echwebeni lokungena ngendlela ephumelelayo, sihlinzeka ngawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo ukusekela inqubo yokudluliselwa ebushelelezi kwabathumeli bempahla bendawo yakho ukuze baphathe ukuthutha kokugcina endaweni yakho yemayini.
Nqoba Ukusetshenziswa Okuphezulu Kwe-Cyanicide Namuhla
Ingabe amaminerali ethusi akhuphula izindleko zakho ze-reagent? Simema Abaphathi Bezitshalo kanye Nochwepheshe Bensimbi kulo lonke elaseZambia ukuthi bacele amasampula wamahhala e-AuCyan™, AuCarb™, noma i-AuLeach™ ukuze kuhlolwe i-bottle-roll kanye ne-adsorption kinetic endaweni.
Cela Amasampula Elabhorethri Amahhala Manje
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Amakhemikhali Okumbiwa Kwegolide eZambia
1. I-AuCyan™ ibhekana kanjani namatshe egolide acwebezelayo (acebile ngethusi) avamile eZambia?
Amaminerali ethusi asebenza njenge-cyanicides, amunca i-cyanide ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba igolide lincibilike. I-AuCyan™ (≥98.3% ubumsulwa) inikeza ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwama-ion e-CN⁻ amahhala. Ngokusebenzisa amasu afana nokukhuculula i-ammonia-cyanide noma ukugcina amazinga aphezulu e-cyanide asebenzayo, i-AuCyan™ iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabela kokuncibilika kwegolide akuncishiswa ukuphazamiseka kwethusi.
2. Ukusebenzisa i-AuLeach™ kuxazulula kanjani ukubambezeleka kwezokuthutha kwamanye amazwe emngceleni waseNakonde?
Ukuthutha i-Sodium Cyanide (Class 6.1) kusuka eDar es Salaam kuya eZambia kudinga izimvume eziqinile ze-hazmat kanye nabaphelezeli, okuvame ukubangela ukubambezeleka kwamasonto ezindaweni zomngcele njengeNakonde/Tunduma. I-AuLeach™ GDA ayiyona ingozi futhi ayihlukaniswanga. Ihlanza amasiko njengempahla ejwayelekile, inciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba futhi inciphise kakhulu izindleko zempahla.
3. Ingabe i-AuLeach™ iyahambisana nezindinganiso ze-Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA)?
Impela. I-AuLeach™ ayinayo i-cyanide futhi inobungani nemvelo. Inciphisa kakhulu ubuthi ezindaweni zokugcina imfucuza (TSF), ihambisana kahle nemiyalelo eqinile yokuvikela imvelo ye-ZEMA futhi yenza kube lula ukuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho kwemayini yakho.
4. Kungani ikhabhoni kakhukhunathi ye-AuCarb™ ingcono kunekhabhoni yamalahle yendawo yezitshalo ze-CIP zaseZambia?
Amasekethe e-CIP aseZambia avame ukuba nama-slurry aminyene, anokujiya okuphezulu asebenzisa amandla amakhulu okucheba ezinhlayiyeni zekhabhoni. Ikhabhoni esekelwe emalahleni ithambile futhi iyaphuka kalula, okubangela ukulahleka kwegolide. I-AuCarb™ (≥99% ubulukhuni) yenziwe ngamagobolondo kakhukhunathi aqinile, okwenza ivikeleke cishe ekuqhekekeni kwama-agitators aqinile.
5. Ingabe i-AuLeach™ iyahambisana nezitshalo zegolide ezikhona ezifundeni zaseSolwezi noma zaseRufuna?
Yebo, kuyindlela yokufaka esikhundleni. I-AuLeach™ GDA isebenzisa amathangi afanayo okukhipha amanzi, amazinga e-pH (10.5-11.5), kanye namasekethe okufaka amanzi/okususa i-Activated Carbon njenge -Sodium Cyanide . Akudingeki zindleko ezinkulu noma ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo.
6. Yimiphi imizila yokuthutha enconyiwe yokuthumela amakhemikhali eCopperbelt yaseZambia?
Imizila esebenza kahle kakhulu yeCopperbelt (Ndola, Kitwe) kanye nesifundazwe saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga (Solwezi) idlula echwebeni laseDar es Salaam (Tanzania) isebenzisa umgwaqo omkhulu weTANZAM, noma idlula echwebeni laseDurban (Ningizimu Afrika) idlula enyakatho idlula eZimbabwe (umngcele waseChirundu).
7. Imvula enkulu yesizini eZambia ikuthinta kanjani ukugcinwa kwe-AuCyan™?
IZambia ibhekene nezinkathi zemvula ezinamandla. I-AuCyan™ ipakishwe ezigubhuni zensimbi ezivalwe kahle, eziqinisekiswe yi-UN eziqukethe izikhwama ze-PVC ezijiyile, ezingangeni manzi zangaphakathi. Uma nje zigcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla emboziwe, eyomile, nengenisa umoya, azithinteki nhlobo umswakama ozungezile kanye nezimvula zesizini.
8. Ingabe i-AuCarb™ ingakwazi ukukhumula igolide ngempumelelo kumasekethe okuwina ngogesi e-Zadra?
Yebo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-AuCarb™ inenqubo yokuqalisa elawulwa ngokucophelela, igcina isakhiwo esiqinile sembobo yangaphakathi. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi imunce igolide ngokushesha esigabeni se-CIL, kodwa futhi iyikhulule ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokususwa kwengcindezi yokushisa okuphezulu (izinqubo ze-Zadra noma ze-AARL).
9. Abavukuzi bezimayini abangochwepheshe nabaphakathi eZambia bashintshela kanjani ekusebenziseni i-AuLeach™?
Ukuze kukhule imisebenzi ye-ASM efuna ukwenza kube semthethweni futhi yamukele ukugeleza kwe-vat noma izitshalo ezincane ze-CIP, i-AuLeach™ iyindawo yokungena ephephile. Iqeda izingozi ezibulalayo ezihlobene nokuphatha i-cyanide ngaphandle kwemishini yokuphepha ethuthukisiwe, okuvumela ukukhuliswa okuphephile kokukhiqizwa kwegolide.
10. Ochwepheshe bezinsimbi baseZambia bangazithola kanjani izinsiza zokuhlola ilabhorethri?
Abasebenzi bezimayini baseZambia bangaxhumana nathi ngewebhusayithi yethu ukuze bacele i- Free Lab Sample Kit . Sizohlela ukulethwa kwe-AuCyan™, AuCarb™, noma i-AuLeach™ ngqo elabhorethri yakho yensimbi eZambia ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwe-bottle-roll noma i-column leach okuzimele.
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