Iyiphi ikhemikhali edla kakhulu?

Embonini yamakhemikhali, ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amakhemikhali agqwala kakhulu kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni okuphephile nasekugcinweni kwemishini. Lesi sihloko sizogxila embuzweni othi "yimaphi amakhemikhali agqwala kakhulu", sihlaziye amakhemikhali amaningana agqwala kakhulu kanye nezici zawo, futhi sikusize ukwazi kangcono ulwazi olufanele.

1. I-Hydrofluoric Acid

I-Hydrofluoric acid ingenye yamakhemikhali aziwa kakhulu aqothulayo. Ayigcini nje ngokuncibilikisa ingilazi, kodwa futhi ihlasela cishe zonke izinsimbi. Ukuqothula kwe- Hydrofluoric Acid kuvela emsebenzini ophezulu kakhulu wama-ion e-fluoride (F⁻), akwazi ukuphula izibopho zamakhemikhali zezinto ze-silicate, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwengilazi namaminerali amaningi. I-Hydrofluoric acid iqothulayo kakhulu esikhumbeni nasezicutshini zabantu, futhi ukuthintana kwayo kungabangela ukusha okukhulu kwamakhemikhali futhi kube nemiphumela ebhubhisayo emathanjeni.

2. I-Sulfur Acid

I-Sulfuric acid iyikhemikhali evamile kodwa egqwalisayo kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. I-Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ingamunca amanzi ngokushesha futhi ikhiphe amanzi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo, okwenza igqwalise kakhulu ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo. I-Sulfuric acid ingasabela nezinsimbi eziningi ukuze ikhiqize usawoti we-hydrogen kanye nensimbi, okusheshisa inqubo yokugqwala. I-Sulfuric acid igqwalisa kakhulu imishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kuthathwe isivikelo esikhethekile lapho uyisebenzisa.

3. Igesi Ye-Chlorine

I-Chlorine iyigesi enobuthi ephuzi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho izinga lokushisa legumbi kanye nengcindezi, futhi igqwala kakhulu. I-Chlorine ingasabela namanzi ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-hypochlorous acid, zombili eziyizinto ezigqwala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-hydrochloric acid, enomthelela omkhulu wokugqwala ezinsimbini. I-Chlorine ingasabela ngqo nezinsimbi eziningi ukuze ikhiqize ama-chloride ensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise umonakalo wokugqwala kwemishini. Ekukhiqizweni Kwamakhemikhali , ukuvuza kwe- Chlorine kuyingozi enkulu yokuphepha, futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela.

4. I-Nitric Acid

I-nitric acid ingenye ikhemikhali edla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi efomini eligxilile. Kuyi-oxidizing eqinile futhi ihlangana nezinsimbi eziningi ukwenza ama-nitrate futhi ikhiphe igesi ye-nitrogen dioxide enobuthi. I-nitric acid iphinde ihlasele izinto eziningi eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate, okwenza idle kakhulu izicubu zezinto eziphilayo. I-nitric acid ingabangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali anobudlova lapho uthintana nezinto ezithile, okudala ingozi yokuqhuma.

5. I-Sodium Hydroxide

Nakuba i-Sodium Hydroxide iyi-alkali, ukugqwala kwayo akufanele kuthathwe kancane. Ingagqwala kakhulu izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi i-aluminium ne-zinc, futhi ingagqwala nezinto eziningi eziphilayo ezifana namaprotheni namafutha, okubangela ukusha okukhulu kwamakhemikhali. I-Sodium hydroxide nayo inomphumela othile wokugqwala engilazini nasezitsheni zobumba ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka izinto ezikhethekile ezimelana ne-alkali ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuphathwe.

Isifinyezo

Ngombuzo othi "yimuphi umakhemikhali oqothula kakhulu", singabona ukuthi i-hydrofluoric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-chlorine, i-Nitric Acid kanye ne-sodium hydroxide konke kungamakhemikhali aqothula kakhulu. Izindlela zawo zokuqothula kanye nezinhloso zihlukile, kodwa iphuzu elivamile ukuthi zinomonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu, imishini kanye nemvelo. Enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa nokucubungula amakhemikhali, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa amakhemikhali aqothulayo.