Isi ihe dị na Cyanide Leaching Usoro: Otu Ha si emetụta mgbake ọla edo

Na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ, ndị cyanideusoro leaching ka bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị ewepụta ọla edo n'ọla. Usoro a na-adabere n'ikike nke ion cyanide na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya na ọla edo, na-ekwe ka ọ kewapụ ya na matrix ore. Otú ọ dị, arụmọrụ nke usoro a, karịsịa mgbake nke ọla edo, na-adabere na ọtụtụ isi ihe. Ịghọta paramita ndị a na mmetụta ha na mgbake ọla edo dị oké mkpa maka ịkwalite usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ cyanide na ịhụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume akụ na ụba.

Ntụkwasị Cyanide

Ntinye nke cyanide na ngwọta leaching bụ ihe dị mkpa nke na-emetụta mgbake ọla edo. Nke dị elu ntinye nke cyanide n'ozuzu na-eduga na a ngwa ngwa mgbasa ọnụego nke ọla edo. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ụbara mkpokọta cyanide na-enyekwu ion cyanide dịnụ iji meghachi omume na ọla edo, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-aga n'ihu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na sistemụ leaching cyanide na-ahụkarị, ịba ụba nke cyanide site na 0.05% ruo 0.1% nwere ike ibute mmụba pụtara ìhè na ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo. Agbanyeghị, enwere mkpokọta cyanide kacha mma karịa nke mmụba ọzọ anaghị eme ka mgbake ọla edo dị oke nha. Ịta ụbara nke cyanide nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ nsogbu. Nke mbụ, ọ nwere ike ime ka e guzobe mmeghachi omume akụkụ na-achọghị. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, ọla ndị ọzọ dị na ọla, dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, na ígwè, nwekwara ike imeghachi omume na cyanide, na-eri cyanide ma na-ebelata ohere ọ nwere maka mmịpụta ọla edo. Nke abuo, akwa cyanide dị elu na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa nke usoro ahụ n'ihi mkpa nke reagent cyanide ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-ebute ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi dịka cyanide bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, yana itinye uche dị elu chọrọ nchekwa siri ike na usoro nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi.

Uru PH

PH nke ngwọta leaching na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro leaching cyanide. PH kacha mma maka cyanidation ọla edo na-adịkarị site na 9.5 ruo 11. N'oge pH alkaline a, cyanide dị n'ụdị ion cyanide n'efu (CN-), nke bụ ụdị kachasị arụ ọrụ maka mgbasa ọla edo. Ịdebe pH kwesịrị ekwesị dị oké mkpa n'ihi na n'ọnọdụ acidic, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas nwere ike ịmepụta. HCN na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ukwuu na-egbu egbu, ọ bụghị naanị na-etinye nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nchekwa nye ndị ọrụ kamakwa na-ebelata ọnụọgụ cyanide dị maka mmịpụta ọla edo. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na pH dị oke elu, solubility nke ụfọdụ hydroxides metal nwere ike ịba ụba, nke nwere ike iduga n'ichepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nke nwere ike ikpuchi ihe ndị ahụ ọla edo, na-egbochi njikọ dị n'etiti cyanide na ọla edo ma si otú a belata ọnụego mgbake ọla edo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ọla ndị nwere nnukwu ígwè, na ụkpụrụ pH dị elu, iron hydroxide precipitates nwere ike ịmalite ma na-ekpuchi akụkụ ọla edo, na-eme ka ha ghara ịnweta cyanide.

Oge nkuzi

Ogologo oge nlegharị anya bụ oke ọzọ dị oke egwu nke na-emetụta mgbake ọla edo ozugbo. N'ozuzu, ka oge nkwụsịtụ na-abawanye, ọla edo na-agbaze ma nwetaghachi ya. Na mbụ, ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo na-adị ngwa ngwa ka cyanide ọhụrụ na-emeghachi omume na elu ọla edo ekpughere. Agbanyeghị, ka oge na-aga, ọnụego mmịpụta ọla edo ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu, ụmụ irighiri ọla edo na-adị ntakịrị, ebe elu dị maka mmeghachi omume na-ebelata. Ọzọkwa, ntinye nke cyanide na ngwọta na-ebelata ka a na-eri ya na mmeghachi omume, na nchịkọta nke ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume kwụsịlata. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na sekit cyanide leaching nke a haziri nke ọma, ọ nwere ike were awa 24-48 iji nweta ọkwa dị elu nke mgbake ọla edo. Mana ọ bụrụ na oge mkpofu ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, nnukwu ọla edo nwere ike ịpụpụghị. N'aka nke ọzọ, ịgbatị oge nkwụsịtụ gafere ebe kachasị mma nwere ike ọ gaghị eme ka mmụba dị ukwuu na mgbake ọla edo mana ọ ga-abawanye ụgwọ ọrụ, dị ka ike oriri maka mkpasu iwe na mgbapụta, ma nwekwara ike iduga mmebi nke ngwọta cyanide n'ihi ogologo oge ikuku na ihe ndị ọzọ gburugburu ebe obibi.

okpomọkụ

Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke usoro leaching na-emetụtakwa ọnụego mgbake ọla edo. Ịbawanye okpomọkụ n'ozuzu na-eme ka mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị n'etiti cyanide na ọla edo na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu, na-eduga n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mgbasa ọla edo dị elu. Okpomọkụ dị elu na-abawanye ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe na-emeghachi omume, na-enye ha ohere ịgbakọ ugboro ugboro na ike ka ukwuu, si otú ahụ na-akwalite mmeghachi omume ahụ. Otú ọ dị, mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na-adaberekwa na njedebe. Na omume, a na-edobe okpomọkụ n'ime oke oke, na-abụkarị ihe dịka 20 - 30 Celsius. Nke a bụ n'ihi na iwelite okpomọkụ nke ukwuu chọrọ ntinye ume ọzọ, nke na-abawanye ụgwọ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, na okpomọkụ dị elu, mmụgharị nke cyanide na-abawanye, na-eduga na nnukwu mfu nke cyanide site na evaporation. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ore, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume dị n'akụkụ na-eri cyanide ma belata arụmọrụ nke mmịpụta ọla edo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ ọla ndị nwere mineral sulfide, okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ime ka oxidation nke sulfides, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eri oxygen na cyanide kamakwa nwere ike ịmepụta sulfuric acid, nke nwere ike belata pH nke ngwọta leaching ma mebie usoro cyanidation.

Nnweta oxygen

Oxygen bụ ihe dị mkpa na cyanide leaching nke ọla edo. Mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo, cyanide, na oxygen nwere ike ịnọchite anya ya site na nhazi kemịkalụ ndị a: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ịnweta oxygen zuru oke dị mkpa maka ịkwalite mmeghachi omume a n'ihu. N'ime usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ, enwere ike iwebata oxygen site na ikuku ikuku, ma ọ bụ site na ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ ikuku oxygen dị ọcha n'ime ihe ngwọta nke leaching. Ọnụego nke nnyefe oxygen na saịtị mmeghachi omume na-emetụta ọnụego nke mgbasa ọla edo. Ọ bụrụ na ikuku oxygen ezughị oke, mmeghachi omume ahụ ga-adị oke, na mgbake ọla edo ga-ebelata. Agbanyeghị, oke ikuku oxygen nwekwara ike ibute nsogbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, oke ikuku oxygen nwere ike ime ka oxidation nke cyanide na cyanate (CNO⁻) ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu - oxidation - ogige steeti, na-ebelata ego nke cyanide dị maka mmepụta ọla edo. Na mgbakwunye, n'ime ores nwere ụfọdụ ụdị mineral sulfide, oke ikuku oxygen nwere ike ime ka oxidation nke sulfide, nke nwere ike iwepụta sulfuric acid na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nwere ike igbochi usoro cyanidation.

N'ikpeazụ, usoro cyanide leaching maka mmịpụta ọla edo bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya nke ọtụtụ isi ihe na-emetụta. Ntinye uche nke Cyanide, uru pH, oge mkpofu, okpomọkụ na ikuku oxygen na-emekọrịta ihe iji chọpụta ịrụ ọrụ mgbake ọla edo. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe kwesịrị iji nlezianya kwalite paramita ndị a dabere na njirimara nke ọla a na-edozi. Site n'ịchịkwa ihe ndị a nke ọma, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịbawanye mgbake ọla edo ka ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ahụ na ọ ga-adịte aka nke ọrụ ngwupụta ọla edo.p.