Kafukufuku Woyesera pa Njira Zochiritsira za Cyanide-Poor Liquid mu Mgodi wa Golide

Introduction

Mu makampani opanga migodi ya golide, chithandizo cha madzi osauka a cyanide n'chofunika kwambiri. Madzi osauka a cyanide, monga yankho pambuyo pochotsa golide mu njira yochotsera cyanidation, ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoipitsa, makamaka mankhwala a cyanide, zomwe zingayambitse kuipitsa chilengedwe kwambiri ngati sizikukonzedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kupanga njira zochizira zamadzi osauka a cyanide ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa kafukufuku woyesera wa njira zochizira madzi osauka a cyanide mu mgodi winawake wa Golide , cholinga chake ndi kupereka chidziwitso ndi maumboni ofunikira kwa makampaniwa.

Mwachidule Njira Zothandizira Zamadzimadzi za Cyanide-Poor Liquid

Nthawi zambiri, njira zochizira zamadzimadzi osauka a cyanide zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira zoyeretsera ndi njira zochira (kubadwanso).

Njira Zoyeretsera

1.Alkali-Chlorine Oxidation Njira

• Iyi ndi njira yokhwima yowonongera cyanides m'madzi otayira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira ma electroplating, m'mafakitale opangira ma coking, ndi m'mafakitale opangira golide. Pansi pa pH 11 - 12, ma cyanides ndi ma ions achitsulo omwe ali m'madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide amasinthidwa kukhala cyanates, kenako chlorine imawonjezedwanso kachiwiri kuti iwapangitse kukhala carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni, ndi zina zotero.

• Ubwino : Njirayi ndi yokhwima pang'ono, yokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chithandizo komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Njira yochizira imatha kuchitika yokha mosavuta.

• Zoyipa : Ma Cyanide sangabwezeretsedwenso, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, ndipo sangachotse ma iron-cyanide complexes. Palinso vuto la kuipitsa kwina.

2.Sulfur Dioxide - Njira Yopangira Mpweya

• Mu chidebe chogwedezeka, madzi otayika amawonjezedwa, ndipo mpweya ndi SO₂ (madzi kapena gasi, kapena sulfite solution, kapena zopezedwa mwa kuwotcha sulfure ya elemental) zimayambitsidwa. PH imayendetsedwa pa 7 - 10. ndipo laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asawononge asidi opangidwa panthawi ya okosijeni. Zomwe zimafuna kukhalapo kwa mkuwa wosungunuka (monga chothandizira).

• Njira ya Inco - SO₂/air oxidation imatha kuwola ma cyanides onse, kuphatikiza iron-cyanides, ndi iron-cyanides amatha kuthamangitsidwa ndikuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotetezeka komanso zotsika mtengo.

3.Hydrogen Peroxide Njira

• Njirayi ndiyoyenera kuthira madzi otsika okhala ndi cyanide okhala ndi cyanide. Hydrogen peroxide imatha kuyimitsa cyanide m'michira kukhala yofooka komanso yosavuta kupanga hydrolyzed cyanic acid (HCNO), yomwe imachotsedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni winanso ndi hydrolysis.

4.Ozone Oxidation Njira

• Ozone ndi amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide, amakhala okwanira kuposa njira ya alkali-chlorine oxidation, yokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zochotsa cyanide. Pambuyo pa ozonation, mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi onyansa umawonjezeka, womwe ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ku dongosolo la cyanidation kuti libwezeretsedwe, kuwongolera kusungunuka kwa golide ndikuwongolera bwino kutulutsa golide.

• Ubwino : Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta, yosavuta kuyilamulira, ndipo mphamvu yopangira zinthu ndi yayikulu. Ozone imatha kupangidwa pamalopo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakina opangira zinthu zouma omwe ali ndi kayendedwe kosasangalatsa koma magetsi okwanira. Kuyeretsa bwino kumakhala kokwanira, ndipo palibe kuipitsa kwina komwe kumachitika.

• Zoyipa : Mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ozoni ndi zambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri.

5.Electrolytic Oxidation Njira

• Musanayambe electrolysis, choyamba kusintha pH ya madzi osauka cyanide kukhala> 7. kuwonjezera pang'ono mchere, ntchito graphite monga anode ndi titaniyamu mbale monga cathode, ndi ntchito zamchere mkuwa - nthaka amadzimadzi njira monga electrolyte. Pamene mphamvu yachindunji idutsa, mkuwa wachitsulo ndi zinki zimapangidwira pa cathode, ndipo haidrojeni imapangidwanso. Pa anode, CN⁻ imalowetsedwa mu CNO⁻, CO₂, N₂, ndipo Cl⁻ imalowetsedwa mu Cl₂, ndipo Cl₂ imalowetsa yankho kuti ipange HClO.

6.Microbial Oxidation Njira

• Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya biochemical ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti iwononge cyanides, thiocyanates, ndi iron-cyanides, kupanga ammonia, carbon dioxide, ndi sulfates, kapena hydrolyzing cyanides kukhala formamide. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mabakiteriya adsorb heavy metal ayoni, kuwachititsa kugwa ndi biofilm ndi kuchotsedwa.

• Chofunika Kwambiri : Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pamwamba pa 10℃ nthawi zonse kuti pakhale kuchuluka koyenera kochotsa cyanide.

Kubwezeretsa (Kubadwanso) Njira

1.Njira ya Acidification

• Mfundo yaikulu ya njirayi ndikuwonjezera sulfuric acid kumadzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide, kusintha pH kufika pafupifupi 1.5. ndikusintha CN⁻ kukhala HCN. Mpweya wothawa wa HCN umalowetsedwa mu chotengera ndikumwedwa ndi njira ya alkaline (sodium hydroxide kapena calcium hydroxide solution) kuti apeze yankho la 20% - 30% la cyanide, lomwe lingathe kubwezeretsedwanso.

• Ubwino : Njirayi ingathandize kwambiri kubwezeretsa ma cyanide, kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma cyanide, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.

• Zoyipa : Ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa kamodzi kokha ndi zazikulu, njira yogwirira ntchito ndi yovuta, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti madzi otsala okhala ndi cyanide omwe amakonzedwa akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsira madzi.

2.Ion Kusinthana Njira

• Pochiza madzi osauka a cyanide, utomoni wosinthanitsa ndi ion ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulemeretsa ma cyanides.

3.Adsorption Njira

• Kulowetsedwa kwa Mpweya Wogwira Ntchito : Kulowetsedwa kwa Mpweya Wogwira Ntchito kumadalira makamaka ma pores ake ambiri amkati ndi malo ake akuluakulu. Njira yolowetsedwa imaphatikizapo kulowetsedwa kwa thupi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala. Kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide makamaka kumachitika m'njira zitatu: kulowetsedwa, hydrolysis, ndi kuchotsa. Njira yayikulu ndi kuonda kwa cyanides m'madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide okhala ndi hydrogen peroxide pamwamba pa mpweya wogwira ntchito.

4.Njira Yochotsera Zosungunulira

• Zosungunulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso ma cyanides kuchokera kumadzi osauka a cyanide.

5.Liquid Membrane Njira

• Pochiza madzi osauka a cyanide, mafuta - mu - madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti: choyamba, acidify madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide kuti asinthe ma cyanide ions mmenemo kukhala HCN. HCN imadutsa mumafuta - gawo lamadzimadzi kulowa mu gawo lamadzi amkati kenako imakumana ndi NaOH kupanga NaCN.

6.Electrodialysis Njira

• Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi kuyendetsa kusamuka kwa ayoni kudzera mu nembanemba ya ion - kusinthana kuti tikwaniritse kulekanitsa ndi kuchira kwa zinthu.

Kafukufuku Woyeserera pa Mgodi Wagolide wa Cyanide-Poor Liquid

Mbiri ya Kuyesera

Madzi opanda cyanide a mu mgodi wina wa golidi amakhala ndi cyanide yochuluka kwambiri, kufika pa 13000mg/L. Cyanide yapamwamba yotereyi - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe ndipo imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Njira Zoyesera

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Adsorption Njira

• Munjira iyi, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ndi chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati okosijeni kuti azitha kutulutsa ma cyanides mu cyanide - madzi osakwanira. Kenako, activated carbon (C) adsorption ikuchitika kuti apitirize kuchotsa zowononga zotsalazo.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Catalyst “M”) + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Kusungunuka kwa Magawo Atatu : Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ndi chothandizira china chake "M" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kusungunuka kwa magawo atatu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusungunuka bwino kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana a cyanide, kuphatikizapo ma cyanide ovuta.

• Kutulutsa mpweya wa Chlorination : Pambuyo pa kusungunuka kwa magawo atatu, kutulutsa mpweya wa chlorination kumachitika. Chlorine imalowetsedwa mumadzimadzi pamene mpweya ukutuluka, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kusungunuka kwa zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi cyanide ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa zomwe zimachepetsedwa.

• C Kusakaniza : Pomaliza, kusakaniza kwa mpweya wokonzedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusakaniza zonyansa zotsala ndi zinthu zina zilizonse zokhudzana ndi cyanide kuti akwaniritse cholinga choyeretsa cyanide - madzi osauka.

Zotsatira Zoyesera ndi Kufananiza

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Adsorption Njira

• Njira imeneyi akwaniritsa mlingo wina wa sianidi kuchotsa, koma chomaliza okwana sianidi zili mu mankhwala madzi akadali ndi mkulu, kulephera kukwaniritsa okhwima dziko kumaliseche mfundo.

2.Three - Stage Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Catalyst “M”) + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Njirayi idawonetsa zotsatira zokhutiritsa. Zomaliza zomaliza za cyanide zidachepetsedwa kukhala 0.44mg / L, zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zina zolemera zinakumananso ndi zofunikira zamtundu uliwonse.

• Mtengo - Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino : Ponena za mtengo, ngakhale kuti njira yopangira okosijeni ya magawo atatu yokhala ndi chothandizira komanso mpweya wowonjezera wa chlorination imafuna ntchito zovuta kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma catalyst ena ndi chlorine, ponseponse, poyerekeza ndi njira zina zovuta kwambiri kapena zodula kwambiri, mtengo wake ndi wokwanira. Imatha kuchiza bwino cyanide yochuluka kwambiri - madzi osauka pamene ikulamulira ndalama mkati mwa malire oyenera.

Kutsiliza

Kuchiza kwa cyanide - madzi osakwanira m'migodi ya golide ndi ntchito yovuta koma yofunika kwambiri. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku woyesera pa cyanide - madzi osauka a mgodi wina wa golide, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira zimakhala ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zawo. Njira zitatu za okosijeni (H₂O₂ + chothandizira “M”) + chlorination aeration + C adsorption njira imawonetsa zotsatira zabwino zochiritsira komanso mtengo wake - mphamvu ya cyanide - madzi osakwanira okhala ndi sianidi wambiri mumgodi wagolide uyu. Komabe, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi kuwongolera zikufunikabe mtsogolomo kuti pakhale njira zochiritsira zogwira mtima, zotsika mtengo, komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika mumakampani amigodi golide.