Yakakurumbira Sayenzi paMakemikari Ane Njodzi: Sodium Cyanide

1. Nhanganyaya yeSodium Cyanide

Cubic crystal system, chena crystalline zvimedu kana hupfu, zviri nyore kuita deliquesce, nekufenda kunhuhwirira kwemaarumondi anovava. Muchetura wakanyanya, kubata nemaronda eganda, kufemera pamusoro, uye kupinza twumwero zvinogona kukonzera chepfu uye kufa. Chemical formula ndeye NaCN, melting point 563.7 ℃, inofashaira poindi 1496 ℃. Iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura, nyore hydrolyzed kuita haidrojeni cyanide, aqueous solution ine alkaline yakasimba, yakakosha kemikari mbishi zvinhu, inoshandiswa mukutanga makemikari synthesis, electroplating, metallurgy uye organic synthesis mushonga, mishonga yezvipembenene uye kurapwa kwesimbi. Complexing agent, masking agent.

2. Zvinhu zvemuviri

Iyo cubic crystal system, chena crystalline granules kana hupfu, nyore kutetepa, nekufenda kunhuhwirira kwearumondi. Inonyungudika mumvura, ammonia, ethanol uye methanol.

3. Kushanda kunokosha

Kuvhara zvakasimba, kupa yakakwana eposi yemunharaunda uye kufefetedza kwese. Mechanize uye otomatiki iko kushanda zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Vashandi vanofanira kunge vakanyatsodzidziswa uye kunyatsotevedzera maitiro ekushanda. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandisi vapfeke hood-mhando yemagetsi emagetsi ekupa mafirita eguruva, imwe-chidimbu rubberized anti-chepfu zvipfeko, uye magurovhosi erabha. Dzivisa kugadzira huruva. Dzivisa kusangana neoxidants uye acids. Takura uye uturure zvinyoro-nyoro panguva yekufambisa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekurongedza uye midziyo. Equip with leakage emergency treatment equipment. Mudziyo usina chinhu unogona kunge uine zvinhu zvinokuvadza.

4. Ngozi dzoutano

Inodzivisa kufema ma enzymes, zvichiita kuti intracellular asphyxiation. Inhalation, kutonga nemuromo kana percutaneous absorption kunogona kukonzera acute chepfu. Oral administration ye50-100 mg inogona kukonzera kufa kamwe kamwe. Rufu rusina-kamwe kamwe rwakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina: danho reprodromal rine mucosal irritation, kukurumidza uye kudzika kufema, kuneta, uye musoro; oral administration ine chiveve chemuromo werurimi nemuromo, etc. The dyspnea stage ine dyspnea, kuwedzerwa kweropa, uye ganda rakatsvuka uye mucous membranes. Kugwinya danho rine kugwinha, pakoma, uye kutadza kufema. Kuoma mitezo ine muviri wese mhasuru kuzorora, kufema uye kurova kwemoyo, uye kufa. Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune zvidiki zve cyanide zvinogona kukonzera neurasthenia syndrome, ziso uye yekumusoro kufema turakiti kushatirwa. Inogona kukonzera rash.

5. Emergency Response

Chengetedza nzvimbo yakasvibiswa uye rambidza kupinda. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandi vekukurumidzira vapfeke masks eguruva (masiki akazara kumeso) uye masutu ekurwisa gasi. Usasangana zvakananga nezvinhu zvakadeuka.

Kudonha kudiki: Rega kugadzira huruva uye unganidza mvura yacho mumudziyo wakaoma, wakachena une foshoro yakachena.

Kudonhedza kwakakura: Fukidza nepepa repurasitiki kana canvas, wozounganidza kuti udzokororwe kana kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekurasa marara.

6. Matanho ekubatsira kwekutanga

Kubata ganda: Bvisa mbatya dzine utachiona nekukasika wonyatsogeza nemvura inoyerera kana 5% sodium thiosulfate solution kwemaminitsi angaite makumi maviri. Tsvaka kurapwa.

Kutarisana neziso: Simudza pakarepo maziso uye wonyatsogeza nemvura inoyerera yakawanda kana saline kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu. Tsvaka kurapwa.

Kufema: Ibva panzvimbo nekukurumidza kune mweya mutsva. Chengetedza nzira yemhepo yakazaruka. Kana kufema kwakaoma, ipa oxygen. Kana kufema uye kurova kwemoyo zvikamira, pakarepo ita kufema kwemaitiro (usashandise muromo-ku-muromo) uye kunze kwekumanikidza kwechipfuva. Ipa inhaled amyl nitrite uye tsvaga kurapwa.

Kudya: Inwa mvura yakawanda inodziya uye ita kuti munhu arutse. Geza dumbu ne1:5000 potassium permanganate kana 5% sodium thiosulfate solution. Tsvaka kurapwa.

7. Matanho ekudzima moto

Nzira yekudzima moto: Chigadzirwa ichi hachibati. Kana pakaitika moto, edzai kuchengetedza chigadzirwa ichi kudzivirira kuti paki yacho isakuvadzwe uye isakonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Vanodzima moto vanofanira kupfeka mamasiki egasi uye zvipfeko zvemoto zvinofukidza muviri wese uye vodzima moto wacho vachienda kumhepo. Chinhu chinodzima moto: hupfu hwakaoma, jecha nevhu. Hazvibvumirwi kushandisa kabhoni zvinodzima moto zvine dioksijeni neacid-base zvinodzima moto.

8. Kuchengeta zvinhu

Chengeta muimba yekuchengetera inotonhorera, yakaoma, ine mhepo yakanaka. Ramba kure nemoto nekupisa. Hunyoro hunyoro mudura haifanire kudarika 80%. Iyo package inofanira kuvharwa. Inofanira kuchengetwa zvakasiyana kubva kune oxidants, acids, uye makemikari anodyiwa, uye haifaniri kusanganiswa. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nezvinhu zvakakodzera kuti ive neinodonha. Iyo "maviri maviri" manejimendi sisitimu yezvinhu zvine muchetura zvakanyanya inofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo.

9. Mashoko Ekufambisa

Kurongedza nzira: Isa mumabhegi epurasitiki, isa chisimbiso muromo webhegi, wozoisa mugomba rakasimba resimbi rine ukobvu husingasviki 0.75 mm. Chifukidziro chebhari chakasungwa zvakasimba. Huremu hwemambure egaba rimwe nerimwe i50 kg; mabhodhoro egirazi ane threaded, iron-capped glass bottles, mabhodhoro epurasitiki kana simbi

Izvo zviri pamusoro apa ndedzimwe ruzivo rwekutanga nezve Sodium cyanide. Ndapota nyatsoiverenga kana uchiida.