Sei Sodium Cyanide Yakanyatso Kutariswa?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yagara iri nyaya inofarirwa nevanhu vakawanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti ine chepfu yakawanda uye inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri.

Toxicity: A Lethal Threat

Sodium cyanide ine chepfu yakanyanya kuvanhu. Kunyangwe huwandu hushoma, hunosvika 5% yechipunu, hunogona kuuraya. Kana ikapinda mumuviri wemunhu, inopatsanuka kuita maion ecyanide (CN⁻). Maion aya ane hukama hwakasimba nesimbi iri mu cytochrome oxidase, enzyme inokosha pakufambisa maerekitironi mukufema kwemasero. Nekusunga kune iron, maion ecyanide anodzivirira kushanda kweenzyme, achivhara kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi uye pakupedzisira achikanganisa kugona kwemuviri kugadzira simba muchimiro cheATP. Izvi zvinotungamira mukusashanda zvakanaka kwemasero nekukurumidza, lactic acidosis (sezvo masero achichinja kuita anaerobic metabolism), uye pakupedzisira rufu. Zviratidzo zve sodium cyanide chepfu zvinosanganisira kufema, kugwinha, kurasikirwa nepfungwa, uye kumira kwemoyo. Tichifunga nezvekuuraya kwakanyanya uku, chero mukana wekusangana neSodium Cyanide , kungave mutsaona dzemaindasitiri kana dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinobva zvamutsa kunetseka kwakakomba kwehutano hwevanhu nekuchengetedzwa.

Yakapararira Industrial Applications

Ndarama Kuchera

Imwe yenzira huru dzinoshandiswa neSodium cyanide ndeyekuchera goridhe . Goridhe zhinji pasi rose hariwanikwe mumanuggets makuru asi sezvidimbu zvidiki zvakapararira mumatombo. Kuti goridhe riburitswe mumatombo aya, nzira inonzi cyanidation inowanzo shandiswa. Mushure mekunge dombo racherwa uye rakuyiwa kuita upfu hwakatsetseka, rinowedzerwa mumushonga wesodium cyanide. Goridhe rinoumba hukama hwakasimba nemamorekuru ecyanide, zvichigadzira soluble gold - cyanide complexes. Aya macomplex anogona kupatsanurwa kubva kune mamwe maminerari ari mudombo, sezvo achinyungudika mumvura. Zvadaro, zinc inowedzerwa mumushonga, iyo inopindirana negold - cyanide complexes, zvichiita kuti goridhe riite sechisimbiso. Chigadzirwa ichi chekupedzisira chinozonyungudutswa kuti chiparadzanise goridhe rakachena. Kudiwa kwegoridhe pasi rose, kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekugadzira zvishongo, kudyara mari, uye kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri , zvinoreva kuti sodium cyanide yakawanda inoshandiswa mukuchera goridhe pasi rese. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chero nyaya dzine chekuita nesodium cyanide munyaya iyi, dzakadai sekushandiswa kwayo zvakachengeteka, kuchengetwa kwayo, uye kutakurwa kwayo, zvinokwezva kutariswa kukuru nekuda kwekukosha kwehupfumi hweindasitiri.

Zvimwe Zvishandiso Zvemaindasitiri

Sodium cyanide inoitawo basa rakakosha mune mamwe maindasitiri. Mumunda we electroplating, inoshandiswa sechikamu mune mamwe mabhati ekuputira. Inobatsira mukuwana yakapfava uye yakafanana kupfekedzwa kwesimbi semhangura, sirivheri, cadmium, uye zinc pane akasiyana substrates. Mukugadzira organic makemikari, sodium cyanide inoshanda sekiyi yekutanga zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kweimwe mishonga yemishonga, inoshandiswa kuunza boka recyano (-CN) mumamolekemu ehupenyu, iyo inokosha pakuumbwa kwemishonga yakawanda inokosha yemishonga. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira shinda dzekugadzira, mapurasitiki, uye dhayi. Muindasitiri yedhayi, inosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa kwemakomisheni senge (cyanuric chloride), inova yakakosha yepakati pakugadzira madhayi anochinja uye inoshandawo sechinhu chakabikwa chekugadzira zvinopenya zvinopenya. Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwayo mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri maitiro, chero kukanganisa mukugovera, kubata, kana kuchengetedzeka kwesodium cyanide kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro inosvika kure mune zvehupfumi.

Zviitiko uye Mabatiro Azvo

Zviitiko zvepamusoro-soro zvinosanganisira sodium cyanide zvakawedzera kusimudzira mukurumbira wayo mumeso everuzhinji. Semuenzaniso, kuputika kweTianjin muna 2015 kwaiva chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chakaunza sodium cyanide muchiedza. Panzvimbo yakaputika, murwi mukuru wematani 700 esodium cyanide wakawanwa, uyo waipfuura ka70 kupfuura muganhu wepamutemo. Kuputika uku kwakasimudza kushushikana pamusoro pekugona kuburitswa kwekemikari ine muchetura mumhoteredzo. Kudai sodium cyanide yakanga yabudiswa ikasangana nemvura kana tembiricha yakakwira, ingadai yakagadzira gasi rehydrogen cyanide, chinhu chine ngozi zvikuru uye chinoputika. Hydrogen cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya kana ikafemerwa uye inogona kukurumidza kupararira mumhepo, ichiisa hupenyu hwevanhu vari panjodzi. Kunyangwe zviremera zveChinese zvakatora danho rekukasika kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, senge kurapa kurashikirwa nehydrogen peroxide kuderedza kuumbwa kwemamwe makomisheni ane njodzi, chiitiko ichi chichiri kuratidza njodzi dzakakura dzine chekuita nekuchengetedza uye kubata sodium cyanide. Kuziva kweveruzhinji nezvenjodzi dzinogona kuitika dzesodium cyanide kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye zvakakonzera kuwedzera kuongororwa kwemitemo yekuchengetedza uye maitiro mumaindasitiri anobata nekemikari iyi.

Mukupedzisa, chepfu yakanyanya ye sodium cyanide , kushandiswa kwakanyanya mumaindasitiri makuru akadai sekuchera goridhe nekugadzira makemikari, uye kubatanidzwa kwayo muzviitiko zvikuru zvese zvinoita kuti ive kemikari inotariswa zvakanyanya. Kudiwa kwekuenzanisa kushandiswa kwayo mumaindasitiri nematanho akasimba ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu nezvakatipoteredza kuchiri dambudziko guru.