Faragelinta caadiga ah ee Falanqaynta Titration Sodium Cyanide

Hordhac

Falanqaynta titration ee sodium cyanide waa hab muhiim u ah kimisteriga gorfaynta, gaar ahaan warshadaha sida macdanta, korantada, iyo soosaarka kiimikada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, joogitaanka walxaha kala duwan ee faragelinta ayaa si weyn u saameyn kara saxnaanta iyo isku halaynta natiijooyinka titration. Fahamka faragelintan caadiga ah waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay helitaanka xog sax ah oo la aamini karo.

Birta Iions sida Walxaha Fargaliya

Biraha culus

Aions bir culus sida naxaas (Cu²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), iyo nikkel (Ni²⁺) waxay samayn karaan dhismayaal deggan cyanide ions Tusaale ahaan, ion copper waxay la falgalaan cyanide si ay u sameeyaan dhismayaal cyanide naxaas ah sida [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ iyo [Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Dareen-celintan qalafsan ee samaynta waxay cunaan ion cyanide, taasoo horseedaysa in la dhayalsado xaqiiqda Sodium cyanide content inta lagu jiro titration. In xal electroplating, kuwaas oo inta badan ka kooban copper iyo zinc oo ay la socdaan Sodium cyanide, faragelintan ayaa si gaar ah loogu dhawaaqi karaa.

Iron Iions

Irnada birta (Fe³⁺ iyo Fe²⁺) waxay sidoo kale faragelin karaan titration sodium cyanide. Dhexdhexaad acidic ah, Fe³⁺ waxay la falgali kartaa ion cyanide si ay u sameeyaan bir kala duwan - dhismooyinka cyanide, sida buluugga Prussian-ka si fiican loo yaqaan - sida xeryahooda. Dareen-celintani waxay cuni kartaa ion cyanide waxayna carqaladayn kartaa stoichiometry falcelinta titration ee u dhaxaysa ion silver (sida badan loo isticmaalo titration cyanide) iyo ion cyanide. Intaa waxaa dheer, joogitaanka oksijiin, Fe²⁺ waxaa lagu oksijiin karaa Fe³, taas oo sii adkeynaysa xaaladda faragelinta.

Faragelinta Anionic

Sulfide Iions

Sulfide ions (S²⁻) waa maaddooyinka faragelinta caadiga ah ee titration sodium cyanide. Dhexdhexaadka alkaline, haddii sulfide uu jiro, waxay la falcelin kartaa ion hydrogen ka xaaladaha acidic ee loo isticmaalo hababka titration qaarkood (ama samee gaaska hydrogen sulfide kaas oo ka falcelin kara). Tan ka sii muhiimsan, sulfide waxay kaga falcelin kartaa ion silver (oo loo isticmaalo silver-nitrate-ku salaysan titration cyanide) si loo sameeyo sulfide silver (Ag₂S) Tani ma aha oo kaliya inay isticmaasho ions qalinka laakiin sidoo kale waxay qarinaysaa meesha ugu dambeysa ee titration, maadaama samaynta qulqulka Ag₂S madow ay faragelin karto ogaanshaha muuqaalka ee qalinka - cyanide complex - dhamaadka ku salaysan.

Thiocyanate Iions

Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) waxay u jiri karaan faragelin ahaan, gaar ahaan shaybaarada halkaas oo ay jireen dhinac - falcelin ama faddarayn. Auniyooyinka Thiocyanate waxay kaga falcelin karaan ion silver si ay u sameeyaan thiocyanate silver (AgSCN). Titration sodium cyanide ah halkaas oo nitrate silver loo isticmaalo titrant ahaan, samaynta AgSCN waxay u horseedi kartaa in ka badan - qiyaasida waxa ku jira cyanide haddii aan si sax ah loo xisaabin, sida ions qalinka ah ayaa lagu wada baabbi'iyey samaynta labadaba qalin - dhismayaasha cyanide iyo silver thiocyanate precipitate.

Walxaha kale ee Fargaliya

Isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah

Qaar ka mid ah xeryahooda organic waxay faragelin kartaa titration sodium cyanide. Tusaale ahaan, aldehydes iyo ketones qaarkood waxay kaga falcelin karaan ion cyanide ee falcelinta dheeraadka ah ee nucleophilic ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha ku habboon. Dareen-celintani waxay cunaysaa ion cyanide oo sidaas awgeed waxay saamaysaa natiijooyinka titration. Muunado laga soo qaaday geeddi-socodyada warshaduhu ay ku jiraan walxaha dabiiciga ah, sida qaar ka mid ah biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka yimaadda dhirta kiimikaad ee laga yaabo inay ku jiraan labadaba sodium cyanide iyo wasakhowga organic, faragelinta xeryahooda organic waxay u baahan yihiin in si taxadar leh loo tixgeliyo.

Oxidization and Yaraynta Wakiilada

Waxyaalaha ogsidhiyeyaashu waxay oksijiyeen ion cyanide. Tusaale ahaan, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) waxay la falgali kartaa ions cyanide si ay u sameeyaan ion cyanate (CNO⁻) ama alaabo kale oo oksaydhaysan. Dareen-celinta oksaydhisku waxay yaraynaysaa xaddiga cyanide ee loo heli karo titration, taasoo keentay cabbir aan sax ahayn oo ku jira maadada sodium cyanide. Dhanka kale, wakiilada dhimista ayaa sidoo kale faragelin kara. Tusaale ahaan, maaddooyinka sida sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) waxay la falcelin karaan ions qalinka ah ee silver - nitrate - titration ku salaysan, iyaga oo yareynaya birta qalinka ah ama ka hooseeya - oxidation - noocyada lacagta gobolka, taas oo carqaladaynaysa habka titration caadiga ah.

Ugu Dambeyn

In sodium cyanide falanqaynta titration, ion bir ah, anions sida sulfide iyo thiocyanate, xeryahooda organic, iyo oxidizing ama wakiilada yaraynta waa maaddooyinka faragelinta caadiga ah. Si loo helo natiijooyinka titration sax ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la qaado tillaabooyin ku habboon si loo baabi'iyo ama loo yareeyo saameynta faragelintan. Tani waxa ay ku lug yeelan kartaa muunado farsamooyinka daawaynta ka hor sida shaandhaynta, saarista, ama isticmaalka walxaha waji-xidhka. Fahamka faragelintan waa tallaabada ugu horreysa ee lagu hagaajinayo saxnaanta iyo isku halaynta falanqaynta titration sodium cyanide ee codsiyada warshadaha iyo falanqaynta ee kala duwan.