Likarolo tse akaretsang tsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ke life?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke motsoako o chefo haholo o sa pheleng o nang le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse ngata. Ho sa tsotellehe tlhaho ea eona e kotsi, litšobotsi tsa eona tse ikhethang tsa lik'hemik'hale li e etsa hore e be sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa indasteri. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba masimo a fapaneng ao Sodium cyanide e sebelisoang ho 'ona.

Indasteri ea Meepo

E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse tsebahalang haholo tsa Sodium Cyanide ke indastering ea Merafo , haholo-holo bakeng sa ho ntša litšepe tsa bohlokoa. Khauta le silevera, tse atisang ho fumanoa litšepeng tse tlaase, li ka aroloa ka katleho le lefika le potolohileng ho sebelisoa mokhoa o bitsoang cyanidation. Ha oksijene le metsi li le teng, sodium cyanide e arabela le khauta kapa silevera ho etsa metsoako ea cyanide ea tšepe e qhibilihang. Mohlala, karabelo le khauta e ka emeloa e le:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Ts'ebetso ena e etsa hore ho khonehe ho khutlisa litšepe tsa bohlokoa ho tsoa ho ore e ngata. Cyanidation e boetse e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ntša litšepe tse ling tse kang koporo, zinki le platinum - litšepe tsa sehlopha maemong a mang. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la chefo ea cyanide, mehato e tiileng ea tikoloho le polokeho e teng ho thibela ho lokolloa ha cyanide - e nang le litšila tse tsoang tikolohong.

Electroplating le Phekolo ea Bokaholimo

Sodium cyanide e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa Electroplating . E sebelisoa e le karolo ea bohlokoa libateng tsa electroplating bakeng sa ho kenya litšepe tse kang koporo, silevera, cadmium le zinki holim'a li-substrate tse fapaneng. Tharollong ea electroplating, li-ion tsa cyanide li sebetsa ka litsela tse 'maloa. Li thusa ho fokotsa polarization ea anode, li netefatsa ho qhibiliha ho boreleli ha tšepe ea anode. Sena se fella ka phepelo e tsitsitseng le e tsitsitseng ea li-ion tsa tšepe ka har'a tharollo. Ho feta moo, li-ion tsa cyanide li eketsa polarization ea cathode, e leng se khothalletsang ho beoa ha tšepe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang holim'a cathode, e leng se lebisang qetellong ea boleng bo holimo, e koahetsoeng ka ho lekana. Mohlala, ho electroplating ea silevera, tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ka bateng ea plating e thusa ho fihlela seaparo se khanyang le se khomarelang sa silevera linthong tse kang mabenyane le likhokahano tsa motlakase.

K'hemik'hale ea Lik'hemik'hale

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Sodium cyanide e sebetsa e le thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kopanya li-cyanide tse ngata tse sa tloaelehang . Mohlala, e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa potassium cyanide (KCN), e sebelisoang haholo liindastering tse fapaneng. Ka ho kopanya sodium cyanide le letsoai la potassium ka mekhoa ea metathesis, potassium cyanide e ka fumanoa. Li-Cyanide tse ling tsa bohlokoa tse sa tloaelehang tse kang zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), tse sebelisoang ho electroplating le e le catalyst liketsong tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale, le copper(I) cyanide (CuCN), tse sebelisoang ho organic synthesis le electroplating, le tsona li hlahisoa ho tsoa ho sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

Ka k'hemistri ea lintho tse phelang, sodium cyanide ke nucleophile e matla. E ka kenya letsoho liketsong tse kang nucleophilic substitution reactions le alkyl halides. Boitšoaro bona, bo tsejoang e le Kolbe nitrile synthesis, ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho lelefatsa liketane tsa carbon. Ka mohlala, ha alkyl halide (R - X) e arabela ka sodium cyanide, alkyl nitrile (R - CN) e thehoa:

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Li-nitrile tse hlahisoang li ka fetoloa hape ho ba metsoako e meng ea bohlokoa ea manyolo. Li ka etsoa ka hydrolyzed ho etsa li-carboxylic acid kapa tsa fokotsoa ho etsa li-amine, tseo e leng litšiea tsa bohlokoa tsa ho aha motsoako oa meriana, li-polymers le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa manyolo.

Indasteri ea Meriana

Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-intermediates tse 'maloa tsa meriana. Ka mohlala, e ameha tlhahisong ea metsoako e kang cyanacetic acid le lihlahisoa tsa eona. Cyanacetic acid e ka sebelisoa ho kopanya lithethefatsi tse kang barbiturates, tse sebelisoang e le sedative le hypnotics. Mohlala o mong ke ho qaptjoa ha liasiti tse itseng tsa amino, tseo e leng likarolo tsa motheo tsa liprotheine. Li-amino acid tse ling li hlahisoa ka litsela tsa maiketsetso tse kenyelletsang tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide e le ntho e qalang kapa reagent mehatong ea bohlokoa ea ho itšoara. Joale li-amino acid tsena li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa metsoako ea lijo le ha ho etsoa meriana e meng.

Indasteri ea dae le ea masela

1.Dye Manufacture

Indastering ea dae, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lidae tse itseng le liphatlalatso tsa dae. Ka mohlala, e kenyelelitsoe tlhahisong ea cyanuric chloride, e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho hlahisa lidae tse sebetsang. Li-dyes tse sebetsang li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea masela ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ntle ea ho boloka mebala. Cyanuric chloride e ka sebetsana le metsoako e fapaneng ea manyolo ho theha mefuta e mengata ea dae e ka tlamahang ka mahlahahlaha ho likhoele tsa masela, e fana ka mebala e tšoarellang nako e telele.

2.Textile Processing

Indastering ea masela, sodium cyanide e ka sebelisoa e le mordant lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa ho daea. Mordant e thusa ho ntlafatsa ho tlama ha dae lesela, ho matlafatsa matla a 'mala le ho tšoarella ha thepa e dailoeng. Ntle le moo, e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa kalafo ea masela, joalo ka likarolo tsa mochini oa masela o thehiloeng ka tšepe moo e ka amehang lits'ebetsong tse kang carburizing le nitriding ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala le ho roala - ho hanyetsa likarolo tsa tšepe.

Taolo ea Likokoana-hloko le ho Fumigation

Ka lebaka la chefo e ngata, sodium cyanide e 'nile ea sebelisoa ho laola likokoanyana, haholo-holo nakong e fetileng bakeng sa merero ea ho tsuba. Libakeng tse koaletsoeng joalo ka matlo a polokelo kapa libaka tsa polokelo, lifumigants tse thehiloeng ho cyanide tse nang le sodium cyanide li ka sebelisoa ho bolaea likokoanyana, litoeba le li-fungus tse itseng. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide taolong ea likokoanyana e fokotsehile haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e feteletseng le nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e meng, e seng kotsi haholo ea ho laola likokoanyana. Melao e matla ea polokeho hona joale e laola tšebeliso ea eona sebakeng sena ho thibela ho pepesehela batho ka phoso le lintho tseo e seng liphofu.

Qetellong, sodium cyanide, ho sa tsotellehe chefo ea eona, ke lik'hemik'hale tsa bohlokoa tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa liindastering tse kang tsa merafo, electroplating, lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, meriana, dae le masela, le taolo ea likokoanyana. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea eona le ts'ebeliso ea eona e hloka ho latela melao ea polokeho le tikoloho ho fokotsa likotsi ho bophelo ba batho le tikoloho.