Sodium Cyanide (NaCN): Tlhahiso le Likopo tse sa tšoaneng

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o nang le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng. Bohlokoa ba eona bo holim'a litšobotsi tsa eona tse ikhethang tsa lik'hemik'hale tse e nolofalletsang ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse kang tlhahiso ea lintho tse phelang, ho hloekisa tšepe le tse ling.

I. Likopo tsa NaCN

A. Organic Synthesis

NaCN e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea lintho tse phelang. E sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho thehoeng ha litlamo tsa khabone le khabone, e lumellang litsebi tsa lik'hemistri ho theha limolek'hule tse rarahaneng tsa lintho tse phelang. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana, lik'hemik'hale tse ntle le metsoako e meng e mengata ea lintho tse phelang. Mohlala, tlhahisong ea meriana e itseng, NaCN e sebelisoa ho hlahisa lihlopha tse itseng tse sebetsang, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa katleho ea moriana.

B. Ho Hloekisa Khauta le Silevera

Indastering ea merafo, NaCN e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšeng le ho hloekiseng khauta le silevera. Ts'ebetso ena, e tsejoang e le cyanidation, e kenyelletsa ho qhala khauta le silevera ho tsoa lirafshoeng tsa tsona ka tharollo ea Sodium Cyanide . Mokhoa ona o sebetsa hantle haholo 'me o sebelisoa haholo mesebetsing e meholo ea merafo lefatšeng ka bophara. E lumella karohano ea litšepe tsa bohlokoa ho liminerale tse ling tse teng ka har'a lerafshoa, e leng se lebisang tlhahisong ea khauta le silevera tse hloekileng haholo.

C. Electroplating

NaCN e boetse ke karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa electroplating. E thusa ho beha lera le tšesaane la tšepe holim'a substrate. Ka electroplating, li-ion tsa cyanide tse NaCN tse rarahaneng tse nang le li-ion tsa tšepe, tse nolofatsang ho behoa ha tsona ka mokhoa o tšoanang holim'a ntho e pentiloeng. Sena se fella ka ho roala tšepe e boreleli le e khomarelang, e sebelisetsoang merero ea ho khabisa, tšireletso ea kutu, le ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea motlakase ea ntho e pentiloeng.

D. Lisebelisoa tse ling

Ho phaella ho tse ka holimo, NaCN e sebelisoa kalafo ea mocheso oa tšepe ho fetola thepa ea holim'a tšepe. E boetse e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lidae, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, e le sethibela-mafu ho flotation ea tšepe e seng ferrous, ha ho etsoa methyl methacrylate resin, le ho etsa potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash).

II. Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa Raw bakeng sa Tlhahiso ea NaCN

A. Hydrocyanic Acid

E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa mantlha bakeng sa tlhahiso ea NaCN ke hydrocyanic acid (HCN). Hona joale, karolo e kholo ea hydrocyanic acid e fumanoa e le sehlahisoa se tsoang tlhahisong ea acrylonitrile (CH₂=CHCN). Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile, bongata ba hydrocyanic acid ea sehlahisoa se seng ke hoo e ka bang 10% ea bophahamo ba tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile. Sehlahisoa sena se seng se sebetsoa ho hlahisa NaCN.

B. Mehloli e meng

Libakeng tseo maemo a leng matle, hydrocyanic acid e ka boela ea etsoa ka khase ea tlhaho le ammonia. Mokhoa ona o mong o fana ka mohloli o eketsehileng oa hydrocyanic acid bakeng sa tlhahiso ea NaCN. Ho qaptjoa ha hydrocyanic acid ho tsoa linthong tsena tse tala ho kenyelletsa liphetoho tse rarahaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlokang maemo a itseng a karabelo le li-catalysts.

Qetellong, sodium cyanide ke k'hemik'hale e feto-fetohang e nang le lits'ebetso tse pharaletseng liindastering tse ngata. Tlhahiso ea NaCN e amana haufi-ufi le ho fumaneha ha thepa ea bohlokoa e tala, haholo-holo hydrocyanic acid, e ka fumanoang ho tsoa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa acrylonitrile kapa ea etsoa ka khase ea tlhaho le ammonia. Ha liindasteri li ntse li tsoela pele ho fetoha, bohlokoa ba NaCN ho nolofatseng lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale bo ka 'na ba tsoela pele.