ʻO Sodium Cyanide: He Kemika Pono i loko o ka ʻoihana

Introduction

ʻO ka sodium cyanide (NaCN) kahi pūhui inorganic koʻikoʻi i loko o ke aupuni nui o nā mea kemika. Me kona mau waiwai kemika kū hoʻokahi, he hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana he nui. Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i nā waiwai, nā noi, nā hana, a me nā ʻano palekana o ʻO Sodium cyanide, me ka manaʻo e hāʻawi i ka ʻike piha o kēia mea kemika koʻikoʻi.

Nā waiwai o ka Sodium Cyanide

Nā Kino

Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he paʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻōpala, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pauka. He hygroscopic a he ʻala ʻalemona ʻawaʻawa. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, me ka 0.4 kg o ka paʻa ʻO ka sodium Cyanide hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i 1 kg o ka wai ma 30 °C. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi solubility i ka ethanol. He 49.007 g/mol ke kaumaha o ka hui, he helu hehee o 564 °C, a he wahi paila o 1469 °C, me ke kaomi mahu o 0.1 kPa ma 800°C.

Nā Pono Kemika

He kumu ikaika ka sodium cyanide - paʻakai ʻakika nāwaliwali. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kona ʻano wai ka sodium cyanide hydrates i loaʻa hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau mole wai ma lalo o 1.34 °C. Ke piʻi ka mahana ma mua o 34.7 °C, nalowale ka wai crystallization a lilo i ka paʻakai anhydrous. Hiki ke hana me nā ʻakika, ʻoiai nā ʻakika nāwaliwali loa. ʻO nā metala e like me ka hao, zinc, nickel, copper, cobalt, silver, a me cadmium hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka sodium cyanide solutions, ka hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea like. cyanides. Ma ke alo o ka oxygen, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā metala makamae e like me ke gula a me ke kālā e hana i nā paʻakai paʻakikī. ʻAʻole kūpono ia me nā waikawa a hiki ke hana me ke kalapona kalapona. I ka ea haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka wai, hiki ke pala. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia i mua o ka oxygen, hoʻopuka ia i nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa e like me ka hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, a me nā nitrogen oxides. Hoʻopili ikaika ia me nā nitrates, nitrites, a me nā chlorates, e hōʻike ana i kahi pilikia pahū.

Nā noi no ka Sodium Cyanide

ʻOihana hoʻouku

I ka ʻOihana mining, ʻoi loa i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā metala makamae e like me ke gula a me ke kālā, ʻo ka sodium cyanide ka mea nui loa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana cyanidation, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide solutions e hoʻopau i ke gula a me ke kālā mai nā ores, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma muli o kona maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. No kēlā me kēia kilokani gula i hana ʻia, ma kahi o ʻehā a ʻelima mau tona o ka sodium cyanide e koi ʻia. ʻO ke koi no ka sodium cyanide ma kēia kahua pili pili i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā metala makamae i ka mākeke honua. Ke hoʻi hou ka hoʻokele waiwai honua a piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai metala makamae, hoʻonui nā hana mining e alakaʻi i kahi koi kiʻekiʻe no ka sodium cyanide.

Kemikala kemikala

1.Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Hana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea waiwai nui i ka synthesis lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai e like me penicillin, vitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, a me ka caffeine. I ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo kāna kuleana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hana kemika kūikawā i loko o nā molekala lāʻau he mea nui ia, e hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā maʻi like ʻole.

2.Pesticide Production

I ka ʻoihana pesticide, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hana i nā pesticides maʻamau e like me glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, a me isoprothiolane. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau pesticides i ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā pests a me nā nāhelehele, e hōʻoia ana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā ala synthetic e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide hiki ke hana i nā pūhui pesticidal kūpono me nā waiwai kemika kikoʻī.

3.Synthesis o nā Hui Kemika ʻē aʻe

He kahua kūkulu kumu ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me ka organik Cyanides. Me ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana i ka sodium cyanide, nā cyanides inorganic koʻikoʻi e like me ka sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, a me potassium thiocyanate hiki ke hana ʻia. I loko o ke aupuni o nā cyanides organik, hoʻohui ʻia nā pūhui e like me ka cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, a me ka cyanuric chloride. Eia kekahi, ma o ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen cyanide mai ka sodium cyanide, hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā huahana e like me methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, a me glycolonitrile. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau pūhui i ka hana ʻana i nā mea synthetic, me nā plastics, rubber, a me nā fibers.

ʻOihana Electroplating

I ka electroplating, he mea nui ka sodium cyanide i ka ʻauʻau electroplating no nā metala e like me ke keleawe, ke kālā, ka cadmium, a me ka zinc. Hiki iā ia ke ho'ēmi i ka hopena polarization anodic, e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻopau maʻamau o ka anode. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka hopena cathodic polarization, e kōkua ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka uhi metala like ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka mea hana. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ke kūpaʻa corrosion o nā ʻāpana metala akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ko lākou helehelena, e hana ana i nā huahana electroplated i ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka lōʻihi.

Ka hana ʻana o ka Sodium Cyanide

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide he hana kemika paʻakikī. ʻO kahi ala maʻamau ʻo ke kaʻina Andrussow, e pili ana i ka hopena o ka methane, ammonia, a me ka oxygen ma luna o ka platinum - rhodium catalyst ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe ʻo ke kaʻina Castner, e hoʻohana ana i ka hopena o ka sodium amide me ke kalapona i loko o ka umu uila. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā pōʻino kūlohelohe o ka sodium cyanide, ua hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia kāna hana e nā keʻena aupuni kūpono a puni ka honua. Pono nā mea hana e hoʻokō i nā kūlana palekana palekana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni e hōʻoia i ka hana palekana a hoʻomau i kēia kemika.

Palekana a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka Sodium Cyanide

Paʻi

He mea ʻawaʻawa loa ka sodium cyanide. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ma kahi liʻiliʻi e like me 100 - 200 mg, hiki ke make ke ʻai ʻia, inhaled, a komo i loko o ka ʻili. Ke komo ʻo ia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i nā ion cyanide (CN-), nona ka pilina ikaika no nā ion hao i loko o nā pūnaewele. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ke kaʻina hana oxidation maʻamau i loko o nā pūnaewele, e alakaʻi ana i ka asphyxiation cell a me ka hypoxia kiko, i ka hopena i ka make. Hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona e like me ka nāwaliwali, ka noʻonoʻo, ke poʻo, ka nausea, ka paʻa o ka umauma, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu, ka palpitations, a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike.

Nā kūkākana palekana

1. hale mālama

Pono e mālama ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma kahi ʻoluʻolu, maloʻo, hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia, kahi mamao mai nā kumu wela, ʻā, a me nā waikawa. Pono e mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia me nā mea kūpono e pale ai i ka leakage a me ka hopena me ke kaiapuni. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā hale mālama me nā ʻōnaehana hōʻiliʻili leak a me nā hōʻailona hōʻailona e pale aku i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia.

2.Kae

I ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, pono e hoʻokō ka sodium cyanide i nā lula koʻikoʻi. Pono nā kaʻa halihali kūikawā me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana kūpono. Pono e nānā pono ʻia ke kaʻina kaʻa no ka pale ʻana i nā kahe a i ʻole nā ​​pōʻino. Pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hoʻolālā a me nā mea hana no ka ulia pōpilikia inā loaʻa nā kūlana i ʻike ʻole ʻia.

3.Handling in Industrial Settings

Pono nā limahana e lawelawe ana i ka sodium cyanide i nā mea kanu ʻoihana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono i ka palekana. Pono lākou e ʻaʻahu i nā lako pale pilikino kūpono, me nā respirator, nā lole pale, nā mīkina lima, a me nā maka. Pono nā hana i loko o ka mea kanu e hahai i nā kaʻina hana maʻamau e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka ʻike. I ka hihia o ke kahe a i ʻole ka leak, pono e lawe koke ʻia nā hana pane ulia pōpilikia, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide e hoʻopau i ka sodium cyanide.

Ka hopena o ka nohona

ʻO ka hoʻolei pono ʻole ʻia o ka sodium cyanide a i ʻole kāna mau mea ʻōpala hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka Cyanide - hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ka lepo a me nā kumu wai i loko o ka wai ʻōpala a me nā koena ʻōpala, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke ola o nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, ​​a me nā mea ola wai. I ka ʻoihana eli gula, no ka laʻana, hana ʻia ka nui o ka cyanide - loaʻa nā huelo i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēia mau huelo, inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā pōʻino kaiapuni no ka wā lōʻihi. No laila, he mea nui nā hana palekana kūlohelohe a me nā ʻenehana mālama ʻōpala e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o nā hana pili sodium cyanide.

Panina

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai kona ʻona kiʻekiʻe, he kemika koʻikoʻi i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻO kāna mau waiwai kemika kūʻokoʻa hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka unuhi metala makamae, ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kemika, a me ka electroplating. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona mau pilikia i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni, pono e mālama ʻia nā lula palekana palekana a me nā kaʻina hana kūpono i ka wā o kāna hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana, pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia e hoʻomohala i nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kaiapuni a me ka palekana a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻina hana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi a me nā pilikia e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide oiai e hoʻokō mau ana i nā pono o ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana.