Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o Sodium Ferrocyanide a me Sodium Cyanide

Ma ke kahua o ke kemika, ʻo Sodium Ferrocyanide a me Sodium Cyanide he mau hui ʻelua, ʻoiai ke kaʻana like nei i kekahi mau mea haku mele, he mau ʻano like ʻole ko lāua. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa, inā paha ma nā noi ʻoihana, noiʻi ʻepekema, a i ʻole nā ​​​​noʻonoʻo palekana.

Nā Hana Hana a me nā ʻano hoʻohālike

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Loaʻa i ka sodium ferrocyanide ke ʻano kemika Na₄Fe(CN)₆. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻātoma hao waena (Fe) i hui pū ʻia me nā ligands cyanide (CN) ʻeono, a ʻehā mau ion sodium (Na⁺) ke kaulike i ka hoʻoili ʻino ʻole o ka anion paʻakikī [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻. Ma kona ʻano hydrated, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Na₄Fe(CN)₆·10H₂O. Hāʻawi kēia paʻakikī hoʻohui i ka sodium ferrocyanide kūikawā a me nā waiwai kino.

ʻO ka sodium Cyanide

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, me ke ʻano NaCN, he pūhui ionic maʻalahi loa. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ion sodium (Na⁺) a me kahi ion cyanide (CN⁻). ʻO ka cyanide ion he ʻano ʻano hoʻopiʻi nui loa, kahi i hāʻawi nui i nā waiwai o ka pūhui, ʻoi aku kona ʻona.

Nā Kino

Keʻano

ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia ka sodium ferrocyanide ma ke ʻano he mau mea paʻa crystalline melemele. ʻO ke kala melemele ke ʻano o ka anion ferrocyanide. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mau mea paʻa crystalline keʻokeʻo, pinepine i ke ʻano o nā granules a i ʻole ka pauka.

Palekana

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium ferrocyanide i ka wai, akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waiʻona. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā ion constituent, me ka anion paʻakikī [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻. ʻO ka sodium cyanide, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar e like me ka ethanol. Hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ia i loko o ka wai e hoʻokuʻu i nā ion sodium a me nā ion cyanide, kahi mea koʻikoʻi i kāna hana ʻana a me ka ʻona.

Lae hehee a me ka paila

ʻAʻohe wahi heheʻe i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia ka sodium ferrocyanide ma ke ʻano kuʻuna. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia, loaʻa ka dehydration. No ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ia e nalowale i nā molekala wai ma kahi o 50 ° C, a ma 81.5 ° C, lilo ia i anhydrous. ʻO ka hoʻomehana hou a hiki i 435 ° C ke alakaʻi i kona decomposition. He 564°C ka helu hehee o ka sodium cyanide a he 1469°C. ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ma muli o nā paʻa ionic ikaika i loko o ka pūhui.

Hoʻo·kino kimika

ʻO ka hana hou me nā waika

He paʻa loa ka sodium ferrocyanide i ke alo o nā waikawa dilute, ʻaʻole hoʻomehana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i nā waikawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e paila ana, hiki iā ia ke palaho e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide manuahi. No ka laʻana, i loko o kahi ʻano waikawa ikaika, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia hopena: Na₄Fe(CN)₆ + 6H₂SO₄ (paʻa, paila) → 6HCN + 2FeSO₄ + 3Na₂SO₄ + 6H₂O. He pane nui loa ka sodium cyanide me nā waikawa. Hiki i nā waikawa nāwaliwali ke pane pū me ia e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide, he mea ʻawahia loa ia. Penei ka hopena: NaCN + HCl → NaCl + HCN↑. ʻO kēia pane kiʻekiʻe me nā waikawa e hoʻolilo ai i ka Sodium cyanide i mea weliweli loa i ke alo o nā mea waikawa.

ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻemi ʻana

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium ferrocyanide ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. I ke alo o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā hui hao (III) e like me ka ferricyanide. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hopena me kahi oxidant kūpono ke hoʻololi i ka [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ i [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻. Hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke komo i nā hopena oxidation. I ke alo o ka oxygen a me kekahi mau mea hoʻouluulu, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea ʻawahia ʻole. No ka laʻana, i ke alo o ka hydrogen peroxide, hiki i ka hopena ke: NaCN + H₂O₂ → NaCNO + H₂O (i ka wā e kaupalena ʻia ai ka hydrogen peroxide). Hiki i ka hopena hou me ka hydrogen peroxide ke hoʻololi i ka sodium cyanate (NaCNO) i ka sodium bi Carbon ate (NaHCO₃) a me ka ammonia (NH₃).

Hoʻokumu paʻakikī

ʻO ka sodium ferrocyanide ponoʻī he hui paʻakikī. Hiki iā ia ke hana hou aku me nā ion metala ʻē aʻe e hana i nā hui hoʻohui hou. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana me nā paʻakai hao(III), hana ia i kahi puaʻa uliuli hohonu i kapa ʻia ʻo Prussian blue, me ke ʻano kemika Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃. Hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hana i nā paʻakikī me nā ion metala like ʻole. I ka unuhi ʻana o ke gula a me ke kālā, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala - cyanide complexes. Hoʻopili ke gula (Au) me ka sodium cyanide i mua o ka oxygen e hana i ka ion paʻakikī [Au(CN)₂]⁻: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH.

Paʻi

Sodium Ferrocyanide

ʻOiai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ligands cyanide, ʻo ka sodium ferrocyanide he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻoholo ka World Health Organization a me ka Food and Agriculture Organization i ka ʻai ʻana o ka sodium ferrocyanide i kēlā me kēia lā he 0 - 0.025 mg/kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino. ʻO ke kumu o kona ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia ka paʻa paʻa ʻana o nā ligands cyanide i ka sodium ferrocyanide i ka ʻātoma hao waena i ka anion paʻakikī. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu koke i nā ion cyanide manuahi, ʻo ia nā ʻano mea ʻona loa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke alo o nā waikawa ikaika a i ʻole ma lalo o ke kukui ultraviolet, hiki iā ia ke decompose e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide, he mea ʻawaʻawa loa.

ʻO ka sodium Cyanide

ʻO ka sodium cyanide kekahi o nā mea ʻawaʻawa i ʻike ʻia. He mea make loa ia i na kanaka a me na holoholona. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia, inhaled, a i ʻole ʻia i loko o ka ʻili, hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hoʻokuʻu i nā ion cyanide (CN⁻) i loko o ke kino. Hiki i kēia mau ʻona cyanide ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻātoma hao i loko o ka cytochrome c oxidase, he enzyme i komo i ka hanu ʻana o ke kelepona. Hoʻopaʻa kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hana o ka enzyme, pale i nā cell mai ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka oxygen, e alakaʻi ana i ka asphyxiation cellular. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi, e like me 0.1 - 0.3 grams, hiki ke make i ke kanaka.

noi

Sodium Ferrocyanide

• ʻOihana Meaʻai : Ma nā ʻāina he nui, me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā mea ma ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium ferrocyanide ma ke ʻano he mea anti-caking i ka paʻakai papaʻaina. Kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakai manuahi ma ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu. ʻOkoʻa ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa o ka sodium ferrocyanide i ka paʻakai ma kēlā me kēia ʻāina akā ua hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia e hōʻoia i ka palekana.

• Nā Hana ʻOihana : Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa no ka uhi ʻana ma nā koʻokoʻo wili. I ka ʻoihana ʻaila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i nā mercaptans, he mau pūhui i loaʻa ka sulfur e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole a me nā pilikia pala.

• Hana Kemika : Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium ferrocyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana o nā hui paʻakikī a me nā pigments ʻē aʻe, e like me ka Prussian blue.

ʻO ka sodium Cyanide

• ʻOihana Mining : Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula a me ke kālā. I ke kaʻina hana cyanidation, mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana gula a me ke kālā me kahi hopena hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka sodium cyanide. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke gula a me ke kālā i loko o ka hopena cyanide ma ke ʻano he metala - nā hui cyanide, a laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hana hou ʻia e loaʻa ai nā metala maʻemaʻe.

• Hana Kemika : Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano hui organik like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokomo i kahi hui cyanide (-CN) i loko o nā molekala organik, a laila hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia i nā hui hana ʻē aʻe e like me nā waikawa carboxylic, amines, a i ʻole aldehydes ma o nā hopena ma hope.

• Electroplating : I nā kaʻina hana electroplating, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohuihui. Kōkua ia i ka kaohi ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o nā ion metala ma luna o ka substrate, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kahi plating laumania a like. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona ʻawahia kiʻekiʻe, ke hoʻomohala nui ʻia nei nā kaʻina hana electroplating ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole cyanide.

Ka palekana a me ka lawelawe ʻana

Sodium Ferrocyanide

I ka lawelawe ʻana i ka sodium ferrocyanide, pono e hahai ʻia nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻina hana palekana. Pono nā mea hana e hoʻokomo i nā lako pale pilikino kūpono, e like me nā mīkina lima a me nā makaaniani palekana. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa kona ʻona ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, pono e mālama ʻia ma kahi maloʻo a maloʻo ma kahi mamao o nā waikawa a me nā kumu o ke kukui ultraviolet e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide. Inā loaʻa ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​maka, pono e holoi ʻia ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ka wai, a pono e ʻimi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā mau ka huhū.

ʻO ka sodium Cyanide

Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka sodium cyanide i nā hana palekana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻawaʻawa loa, a ua hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻia kona mālama ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono nā limahana e ʻaʻahu i nā lole pale kūikawā, e komo pū me nā mea hana hanu, nā lole pale kemika, a me nā mīkina lima. Pono e mālama ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma kahi paʻa a me ka makani maikaʻi ma kahi mamao mai nā waikawa, nā mea hoʻoneʻe, a me nā kumu wela. I ka wā o ka hū a hoʻokuʻu paha, pono e haʻalele koke ʻia ka wahi, a pono e kāhea ʻia nā hui pane pilikia. Pono e hahai ʻia nā kaʻina hana kūikawā, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide e hoʻokaʻawale i ka sodium cyanide i ka wā o ke kahe, e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide ʻona.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka sodium ferrocyanide a me ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā mea pili cyanide ʻelua, he ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau ʻano kemika, nā waiwai kino a me nā mea kemika, nā pae ʻona, nā noi, a me nā koi palekana. Pono ka hoʻomaopopo a me ka lawelawe ʻana i kēia mau pūhui ma nā ʻano āpau e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka hoʻohana pono.