Daim ntawv thov thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm Sodium Cyanide hauv Kub Ore Extraction

sodium cyanide (NaCN), raws li ib tug tseem ceeb reagent rau kub extraction, tau dominated lub ntiaj teb no kub mining kev lag luam vim nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm zoo dissolving kub. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov txheej txheem cyanidation ib txwm tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem ntawm tus nqi, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav sib sib zog nqus soj ntsuam daim ntawv thov mechanism ntawm Sodium Cyanide in Gold Ore Extraction thiab tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tau tsav kev lag luam hloov pauv hauv xyoo tas los no.

I. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb thiab Kev Thov Tam Sim No ntawm Cyanidation Method

1. Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Sodium cyanide dissolves kub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline (pH 10-11), thiab cov khoom siv oxygen tas mus li yuav tsum tau tswj hwm lub xeev oxidation ntawm kub. Txawm hais tias qhov kub rov qab ntawm txoj kev cyanidation yog siab li ntau dua 90%, nws cov tshuaj lom thiab ib puag ncig txaus ntshai tau ua rau kev lag luam nrhiav kev txhim kho.

2. Cov lus qhia rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws

• Tsawg-concentration Cyanide txheej txheem: Txo cov cyanide concentration los ntawm 0.1% mus rau 0.01% -0.03%, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev noj cov tshuaj reagents thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm to;

• Txhim kho Leaching Efficiency: Pretreating ores los ntawm ultrasonic los yog microwave technology, los yog ntxiv catalysts (xws li lead ntsev) kom ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;

• Kaw-loop Circulation System: Ua tiav qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm ntau dua 95% rau cov tshuaj cyanide thiab txo qis emissions.

II. Technological Challenges ntsib los ntawm Cyanidation Method

1. Kev nyuaj ntawm Ores

• Refractory Ores: Sulfide ores uas muaj arsenic thiab sulfur yuav tsum tau ua ntej oxidation (xws li roasting los yog siab oxidation), nce nqi;

• Kev cuam tshuam ntawm impurities: Hlau ions xws li tooj liab thiab hlau siv cyanide, ua rau 30% -50% nce ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj reagents.

2. Ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb siab

• Risk ntawm Cyanide Leakage: Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, muaj txog 20 cyanide leakage xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo, hem cov dej thiab ecosystem;

• Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv Pretreatment: Lub zog noj ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidation ib txwm suav nrog ntau dua 40% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi.

III. Technological Innovations: Los ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Cov Txheej Txheem Ntsuab

1. Kev tawg ntawm Cyanide-free Leaching Technologies

• Thiourea Leaching Method: Siv cov tshuaj acidic thiourea (pH 1.5-2.5) kom yaj kub, nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mis:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Qhov zoo: Tsis muaj tshuaj lom, haum rau qib qis oxidized ores;

Kev txwv: Cov kua qaub yuav ua rau cov khoom siv corrode, thiab tus nqi yog 15% -20% siab dua li ntawm txoj kev cyanidation.

• Bromination Leaching Method: Kev siv cov tshuaj sodium bromide / potassium bromate system, nrog rau qhov kub rov qab txog li 92%, thiab qhov leaching tus nqi yog 3 zaug sai dua li ntawm txoj kev cyanidation.

2. Biological Leaching thiab Nanotechnology

• Kev kho mob microbial: Siv Thiobacillus ferrooxidans los decompose sulfide ores, tso kub los ntawm cov ntxhia encapsulation thiab txo lub zog noj ntawm pre-oxidation los ntawm 30%;

• Adsorption los ntawm Nanomaterials: Graphene oxide tuaj yeem xaiv adsorb Au (CN) ₂⁻, nrog lub peev xwm adsorption txog li 500 mg / g, uas yog 3 zaug siab dua li cov pa roj carbon activated.

3. Kev hloov kho digital thiab txawj ntse

• Kev twv ua ntej ntawm Slurry Concentration los ntawm AI: Optimizing slurry concentration los ntawm lub tshuab kev kawm qauv, txo cov pov tseg ntawm cyanide los ntawm 10% -15%;

• Traceability ntawm Blockchain: Sau tag nrho lub neej voj voog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cyanide txhawm rau txhim kho qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev saib xyuas.

IV. Cov xwm txheej thiab cov kev coj ua hauv kev lag luam

1. Newmont Corporation hauv Canada

• innovation: Txais cov thev naus laus zis ntawm "Biological Leaching + kev sib cais ntawm daim nyias nyias" los kho cov pob zeb refractory;

• Achievements: Txo qhov noj ntawm cyanide los ntawm 60% thiab nce tus nqi rov qab mus rau 94%.

2. Zijin Mining Group hauv Suav teb

• technology: Kev ywj pheej tsim cov "tsawg-cyanide thiab high-efficiency kub leaching tus neeg saib xyuas", txo qhov ntau npaum ntawm cyanide los ntawm 40%;

• Daim ntawv thov: Txhawb nqa nws hauv qee qhov kub kub hauv Guizhou, txuag tshaj 20 lab yuan hauv cov nqi txhua xyoo.

V. Yav Tom Ntej Trends and Prospects

1. Dominance ntawm Green Processes: Nws xav tias los ntawm 2030. Cyanide-free leaching technologies yuav suav txog 30% ntawm kev ua lag luam;

2. Intelligent Mines: AI thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT) yuav ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem, txo qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm 80%;

3. Circular Economy Model: Txhim kho tus nqi rov qab ntawm cyanide los ntawm tam sim no 60% mus rau 90%, thiab siv cov khoom lag luam (xws li ammonium sulfate) rau kev rov ua dua tshiab.

xaus

Daim ntawv thov sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv kub ore extraction yog undergoing ib tug transformation ntawm ib tug "high-pollution" mus rau ib tug "high-technology" mus kom ze. Txawm hais tias txoj kev cyanidation tseem yuav ua tus thawj tswj hwm nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm cyanide-free leaching, biological engineering, thiab digital technologies qhia tau hais tias cov mining kub yuav nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab ruaj khov dua. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis thiab cov kev taw qhia txoj cai yuav hloov kho cov kev lag luam toj roob hauv pes, ua tiav qhov kev yeej-yeej ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv ecological.