Nnyocha na ụzọ mgbake nke ọla kọpa na Cyanide Copper Plating Wastewater

1. Okwu Mmalite

Ịmepụta ụdị electroplating dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi na nke na-echekwa akụrụngwa bụ isi ihe abụọ dị mkpa maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ọrụ electroplating. N'ihe gbasara ụkọ akụrụngwa ígwè na-abụghị ferrous n'ụwa na mmụba na-aga n'ihu na ọnụ ahịa nke ihe metal electroplating, nnabata nke teknụzụ electroplating na-echekwa akụrụngwa adọtala ọtụtụ mmasị. Ụlọ ọrụ electroplating China nwere obere akụkọ mmepe. Na mbido mmepe, enwere ụkọ ego na teknụzụ azụ. Ọtụtụ obere ụlọ ọrụ electroplating enweghị mmata maka mgbake nke ihe metal na electroplating mmiri mkpofu, ma e wezụga nnyocha na ụzọ mgbake. Maka cyanide copper plating na copper alloy electroplating mmiri mkpofu, ihe ndị na-akpata site na divalent copper mgbe cyanide gbawara bụ obere ihe, na-ebute mmiri ozuzo siri ike na nkewa na ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịmụ usoro mgbake ọhụrụ.

2. Usoro Usoro

2.1 Ọgwụgwọ nke Cyanide ọla kọpa na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa

N'usoro ịgbawa cyanide ọdịnala site na iji sodium hypochlorite, a ga-agbanwe pH nke mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide ka ọ bụrụ 11 - 12. nke a na-ejikarị etinye sodium hydroxide. N'oge usoro ịgbawa cyanide, a na-agbanwe cyanide ka ọ bụrụ Carbon dioxide na nitrogen, a na-agbanwekwa ion copper monovalent ka ọ bụrụ ion copper divalent, nke na-etolite obere obere nke copper carbonate dị mkpa nke a kwụgidere na mmiri mkpofu. Ndekọ eke na-ewe ihe karịrị otu ụbọchị zuru oke ma ọ ka nweghị ike iru mmiri zuru oke. A chọrọ nnukwu enyemaka coagulant na flocculant iji nweta mmiri ozuzo zuru oke na nkewa. N'oge gara aga, mgbe a na-enwetaghị copper, a na-agwakọta mmiri mkpofu mgbe cyanide gbawara n'ime mmiri mkpofu zuru oke nke nwere acid, nke a na-agwọ site na usoro lime. A na-etinye copper carbonate dị mkpa n'elu mmiri mkpofu zuru oke na mmiri mkpofu zuru oke ma mechaa kpọpụta ma kewaa ya.

Usoro nbibi cyanide ọhụrụ bụ ịgbakwunye lime iji dozie pH. Carbon dioxide a na-emepụta n'oge cyanide na-agbaji na-emeghachi omume na calcium oxide iji mepụta calcium carbonate. N'otu oge ahụ, isi ọla kọpa carbonate co-precipitates na calcium carbonate na-etolite nnukwu urughuru precipitates.

2.2 Ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa ndị ọzọ

ions ọla kọpa divalent dị na acidic na-egbukepụ egbukepụ ọla kọpa na-etinye mmiri mkpofu na-emeghachi omume na lime ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa hydroxide, na sulfuric acid na-eji lime emeghachi omume iji mepụta calcium sulfate na mmiri. Na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu, pyrophosphate radical na ọla kọpa ion dị n'ụdị mgbagwoju. Mgbe ejiri wayo na-agwọ ya, pyrophosphate radical na-emeghachi omume na calcium oxide iji mee ka calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, na ion ọla kọpa na-emeghachi omume na calcium oxide iji mepụta ọla kọpa hydroxide.

3. Usoro mgbake

3.1 Ngwakọta mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa

Mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche dịka mkpuchi ọla kọpa cyanide, mkpuchi ọla kọpa-zinc, mkpuchi ọla kọpa-tin, mkpuchi ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke acidic, na mkpuchi mmiri mkpofu nke ọla kọpa pyrophosphate. Ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa Cyanide, mkpuchi ọla kọpa-zinc, na mmiri mkpofu nke ọla kọpa-tin na-abanye n'ime tankị nhazi mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide, ebe mkpuchi ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke acidic na mkpuchi ọla kọpa pyrophosphate na-abanye n'ime tankị nhazi mmiri mkpofu nke nwere ọla kọpa. Ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa Cyanide na mmiri mkpofu nke ọla kọpa nwere ihe ndị na-eme mgbagwoju anya dịka Sodium cyanide , potassium sodium tartrate, na ammonium thiocyanate, nke na-emepụta mgbagwoju anya na ion ọla kọpa. Mmiri mkpofu nke ọla kọpa pyrophosphate nwere mgbagwoju anya pyrophosphate ọla kọpa. Ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa Cyanide na mmiri mkpofu nke ọla kọpa bụ ihe dị ka 90% nke mmiri mkpofu zuru oke nke nwere ọla kọpa, ebe mkpuchi ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke acidic na mkpuchi ọla kọpa pyrophosphate bụ ihe dị ka 10%.

3.2 Usoro Oxidation nke Ọla kọpa

Tupu mgbake ọla kọpa, ọ dị mkpa ịgbaji ogige ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu electroplating na oxidize Cu⁺ ion n'ime ion Cu²⁺. A na-eji usoro ngwakọta nke ngwọta sodium hypochlorite na hydrogen peroxide mebie cyanide na ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka potassium sodium tartrate. Enwere tankị na-agbaji cyanide atọ. A na-agbanye mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa n'ime tankị nke na-agbaji cyanide nke mbụ. A na-agbakwunye mmiri ara ehi lime iji dozie pH na 11 - 12. na mgbakwunye nke mmiri ara ehi lime na-edozi site na usoro nchịkwa pH. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-agbakwunye sodium hypochlorite ngwọta iji mebie cyanide. A na-agbakwunye hydrogen peroxide na tank nke na-agbaji cyanide nke abụọ iji gaa n'ihu na-agbaji cyanide na oxidizing ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka potassium sodium tartrate. N'ihi mmeghachi omume na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, a na-agbakwunye tankị nke cyanide nke ọkwa nke atọ. Na ọkwa nke atọ nke cyanide-breaking tank, a na-enyocha mwepụ nke cyanide na ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka potassium sodium tartrate dị ka data nyocha kemịkalụ na ahụmahụ. Na mmecha nke mmeghachi omume oxidation, Cu⁺ dị na mmiri mkpofu na-agbanwe kpamkpam ka ọ bụrụ Cu²⁺, a na-emepụtakwa carbonate ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa hydroxide. N'oge usoro a, mgbe ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu na-emeghachi omume na lime, mgbagwoju anya nke ọla kọpa na pyrophosphate radical kpụrụ na-agbaji, na ọla kọpa hydroxide na-etolite. Ihe ndekọ nyocha na-egosi na usoro a nwere ike ime ka mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nkwụsị. Ịgbakwunye lime iji dozie pH na ion ọla kọpa na-ebuli na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ, na wayo na-arụkwa ọrụ nke enyemaka coagulant ma na-ebuli radical pyrophosphate kpamkpam.

3.3 mgbake ọla kọpa

N'ime usoro a dị n'elu, ions ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu electroplating na-atụgharị ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ọla kọpa carbonate. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke lime agbakwunyere buru ibu, ion ọla kọpa nwekwara ike gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa hydroxide precipitates. Ebe ọ bụ na a chọrọ lime ka ọ na-ebuli pyrophosphate radical na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu, ọnụọgụ lime agbakwunyere enweghị ike ịdị ntakịrị. Ọnụ ego lime dị nnọọ ala, a pụkwara ịgbakwunye ya na ngafe kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ.

Mgbe a gwọchara mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide na ọla kọpa n'ime tankị cyanide na-agbaji okpukpu atọ, ha na-abanye n'ime tankị flocculation. A na-agbakwunye sodium pyrosulfite na tank flocculation iji belata oke hydrogen peroxide, na-agbakwunye polyacrylamide flocculant iji mee ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na-asọpụta na-eto eto. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyeghị sodium pyrosulfite na tank flocculation, hydrogen peroxide fọdụrụ mgbe cyanide mebiri emebi na-emepụta oxygen, nke a na-agbanye n'elu ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri. Ọnụ ego nke sodium pyrosulfite agbakwunyere kwesịrị ịdị ka nke a na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịfe n'elu, a na-anabatakwa oke kwesịrị ekwesị.

Mgbe ị gafechara site na tank flocculation, mmiri mkpofu na-asọba n'ime tank nke sedimentation tube na-achọsi ike. Mgbe a na-ekewapụ ihe ndị ahụ na mmiri, ha na-abanye na tankị na-eme ka sedimentation, wee na-enyocha ya site na nzacha nzacha. A na-enwetakwa achicha nzacha, na nzacha ahụ na-alaghachi na tankị ngbanwe. A na-azụta achicha nzacha nke nwere ọla kọpa a na-enweta site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ọkachamara wee zigara onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ọla kọpa sulfate ma ọ bụ nwee ike iji ya mepụta ọla kọpa electrolytic.

4. Uru

A na-emepụta mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ anọ na-arụ ọrụ electroplating. Data nyocha na nlekota na-egosi na nkezi mkpokọta oke ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu Cyanide copper plating bụ 345mg/L, ya bụ, tọn mmiri mkpofu ọ bụla nwere 0.345kg nke ọla kọpa. Ngụkọta mmiri mkpofu nke cyanide copper plating kwa ọnwa dị ihe dị ka 4600t, nwere 1587kg nke ọla kọpa. Tinyere ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu ndị ọzọ nwere ọla kọpa, enwere ike nweta ihe dị ka 1700kg nke ọla kọpa kwa ọnwa. Ego ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enweta kwa ọnwa site na ire sludge nwere ọla kọpa bụ RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Nweghachi nke ọla kọpa site na mmiri mkpofu electroplating na-ezere oriri ọla kọpa na-adịghị mma, ọ bụghị naanị na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa electroplating kamakwa na-ebelata mmetọ nke abụọ nke sludge electroplating na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-enweta ezigbo uru akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

5. Mmechi

Ụlọ ọrụ electroplating bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emetọ nke ukwuu. N'ọnọdụ dị ugbu a ebe usoro ọgwụgwọ na teknụzụ maka electroplating mmiri mkpofu na China dịtụ azụ azụ, na-amụsi ike na-amụ ụzọ mgbake nke ọla ndị na-abụghị ferrous na electroplating mmiri mkpofu bụ nke dị oke mkpa maka iguzobe ọnọdụ nchekwa akụ na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi na ịnọgide na-enwe mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ọrụ electroplating. Usoro ọgwụgwọ cyanide ọla kọpa plating na ọla kọpa ndị ọzọ na-ekpofu mmiri iji nwetaghachi ọla kọpa site na iji lime a na-amụ n'akwụkwọ a egosila ezigbo nsonaazụ na ngwa ndị bara uru, na-enye ụzọ dị irè maka mmepe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ụlọ ọrụ electroplating.