Ko te Tukatuka Matua o te Rewharewha o te Cyanidation i roto i nga Maina Koura

Kupu Whakataki

Ko te tango i te wai mā te whakamahi i te cyanidation, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi mai i te tau 1887, he Tukanga Tango Kohuke e whakamahi ana i ngā otinga Cyanide hei kai tango koura me te hiriwa mai i te koura me ngā rauemi mata kohuke kei roto he hiriwa. Ko te tango i te cyanidation whakaohooho tētahi o ngā tikanga nui i roto i te tango cyanidation, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga keri koura.

Te Kaupapa o te Agitation Cyanidation Leching

Ko te cyanide, pērā i te Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), he matū matua i roto i te tukanga cyanidation. He tioata mārama, kore tae te sodium cyanide, he hina-kōwhai te nuinga nā te mea he poke. He tino wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, he nui ake i te 20% te wairewa i roto i te wai. Ina waikawahia te pH o tōna wairewa ki te pH = 7, ka tata pirau katoa te cyanide hei hau hauwai cyanide pūngāwerewere, he hau kore tae, he tino paitini. I roto i te wairewa, he waikawa ngoikore te hauwai cyanide, he uaua ki te ionize, ā, kāore he pānga horoi ki te koura me te hiriwa. Ina 12 te uara pH, ka tata pakaru katoa te cyanide i roto i te wairewa hei ion cyanide. Nō reira, me whakahaere te mahi cyanidation i roto i te reo kawakore.

Ko te tikanga, i te aroaro o te hāora, ko te waikura cyanidation o te koura he tukanga waikura hiko. Ka tauhohe te Cyanide ki te koura i roto i te taiao kawakore me te whai waahi o te hāora, te hanga i te wai-wairewa koura cyanide complexes, na reira ka taea te whakakore i te koura mai i te ore.

Te Tukatuka o te Agitation Cyanidation Reaching

1. Te Whakaritenga o te Rerehu Rawa

• Te Kuru : Ka tukuna tuatahitia te kōura mata kua keria ki roto i te mīhini kuru hei kuru. Ka wehea te tukanga kuru ki te kuru matotoru, te kuru waenga, me te kuru pai. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā mīhini kuru kauae me ngā mīhini kuru kōne mō te kuru matotoru me te kuru waenga, ko te nuinga hei wawahi i ngā kongakonga kōura nunui hei matūriki iti ake, ko te nuinga he iti noa te rahi o te matūriki. Ko ngā mīhini kuru hama te nuinga hei kuru pai.

• Te Huri : Ka tomo te konganuku kuru ki roto i te mira pōro hei huri anō ki te rahi matūriki e tika ana. I te nuinga o te wā, me eke te rahi matūriki konganuku ki te -200 mata, arā, 60% - 90%, kia tino wehea ai ngā kohuke koura. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia ngā mira pōro momo-whakawhiti mō te huri matotoru, ā, ka whakamahia ngā mira pōro momo-tauwhiro mō te huri pai.

• Te Whakaritenga Parai : Ka tomo te penupenu konganuku whenua ki roto i tētahi tāke whakaoho. Ka tāpirihia he nui o te wai e tika ana hei whakatika i te kukū o te penupenu konganuku, e whakahaeretia ana i te 30% - 50%. I taua wā anō, ka tāpirihia ngā whakatikatika pēnei i te raima hei whakatika i te uara pH o te penupenu konganuku ki te 10 - 11. Ka hangaia he taiao kawakore e pai ana mō te tango i te cyanidation me te aukati i te whakarewatanga o ētahi atu poke.

2. Agitation Cyanidation Reaching

• Tāpiritanga o te Tauhohenga Whakarewa : Ka tāpirihia ngā matū cyanide pērā i te konutai cyanide (NaCN) te pāhare pākawa cyanide (KCN) rānei ki te penupenu one kua whakatikatikaina. I raro i ngā āhuatanga whakaoho katoa, ka tauhohe te cyanide ki te koura hei hanga i ngā matatini cyanide koura wairewa-wai.

• Ngā Taputapu Horoi : Ko te tukanga horoi ka mahia i roto i ngā tāke whakaoho maha e hono ana i ngā raupapa. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tāke whakaoho kia toru ngā momo e ai ki ngā tikanga whakaranu rerekē: ngā tāke whakaoho hau pēhi, ngā tāke whakaoho mīhini, ngā tāke whakaoho whakauru rānei.

• Ngā Āhuatanga Whakarewa : Ko te kukū o te konutai cyanide i roto i te penupenu o te konganuku he 0.02% - 0.1%. Ka tāpirihia te raima i te wā e whakahaerehia ana kia eke te pH o te penupenu ki te 9 - 12. Ka whakakīia te hau hei pupuri i te ōwehenga pai rawa atu i waenga i te kukū o te hāora rewa me te kukū o te konutai cyanide i roto i te penupenu o te konganuku. Ko te wā whakarewa he 24 - 48 hāora te nuinga hei whakarite kia rewa katoa te koura.

3. Te Wehenga Maama-Wai me te Horoi

• Wehenga Totoka-Wai : Whai muri i te tangohanga, ka wehea te penupenu o te konganuku mā roto i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā whakamātotoru me ngā tātari hei whiwhi i te wairewa koura me te toenga tangohanga. Ka whakamahia e ngā whakamātotoru te kaupapa o te whakatōtōtanga ā-papa hei whakatō i ngā matūriki totoka i roto i te penupenu o te konganuku ki raro, ā, ko te wairewa koura te wairewa koura. Ka tātarihia anō e ngā tātari te rere o raro o te whakamātotoru hei whakapai ake i te pānga o te wehenga totoka-wai.

• Te Horoi : Hei whakarite i te wehenga rawaka i waenga i te wai rere cyanide me te toenga wai rere, ka whakamahia te tukanga horoi o te 3 - 5 ngā wāhanga o te whakamātotoru, te tātari, te whakakotahi rānei i ngā mea e rua. He mahi matua tēnei mō te horoinga cyanidation. Ko te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te tikanga whakahekenga au-whakamuri tonu (tikanga CCD). Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā whakamātotoru e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei tikanga ki ngā momo paparanga-kotahi me ngā momo paparanga-maha. He maha ngā kaiwhakakotahi cyanidation i Haina e whakamahi ana i ngā whakamātotoru paparanga-2 - 3 mō te wehenga totoka-wai me te horoinga au-whakamuri tonu.

4. Whakaora koura

• Tikanga Whakaneke Paura Konutea : Ka tāpirihia te paura konutea ki te wai whakapūmau koura. Ka tauhohe te konutea ki te matatini cyanide koura i roto i te tauhohenga nekehanga, ka whakaiti i te koura hei koura whakarewa, ka whakapūmau. I muri i te tātari, ka whiwhihia he paru koura, ā, ka whakarewahia te paru koura mā roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakarewa hei whiwhi koura mata.

• Tikanga Whakauru Waro Whakahohe : Ka tāpirihia te waro whakahohe ki te wai whakapūmau koura, ā, ka mimitia te matatini cyanide koura e te waro whakahohe. Kātahi ka whakahokia mai te koura mai i te waro whakahohe mā roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te tango me te whakamātao hiko. Ka taea te wehewehe anō i tēnei tikanga ki te tikanga waro-i-roto-i-te-punga (CIP) me te tikanga waro-i-te-whakarewa (CIL).

• Tukanga CIP : Tuatahi, ka whakahaerehia te tango i te cyanidation, kātahi ka tāpirihia te waro whakahohe ki te penupenu o te konganuku hei mimiti i te koura. I roto i te tukanga CIP, e rua ngā mahi motuhake o te tango me te mimiti. I roto i te mahi mimiti, kua oti te tukanga mimiti, ā, ko te rahi, te rahinga, me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o ngā tāke mimiti ka whakatauhia e ngā tawhā mimiti.

• Tukanga CIL : Ka tāpirihia te waro whakahohe ki te tāke horoi, ā, ka mahia te horoi me te mimiti i te wā kotahi, arā, ka puta te horoi me te mimiti i te wā kotahi. I roto i te tukanga CIL, ka mahia ngā mahi horoi me te mimiti i te wā kotahi. I te nuinga o te wā, he roa ake te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi horoi i te mahi mimiti. Nō reira, ko te rahi, te hau, me te horopeta o te tāke ka whakatauhia e ngā tawhā horoi. Nā te mea ko te tere mimiti he mahi a te kukū o te koura rewa i roto i te wairewa, kia nui ake ai te kukū o te koura rewa i roto i ngā tāke mimiti o mua, ā, i te wā kotahi ka nui ake te wā mimiti, ka tāpirihia kia 1 - 2 ngā wāhanga o te horoinga i mua i te horoi me te mimiti.

5. Tiaki Tailings

Ko ngā para i muri i te Whakaora Koura he maha ngā toenga cyanide me ētahi atu poke. Mō ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, me tukatuka tika ngā para. Ko ngā tikanga maimoatanga noa ko ngā tikanga whakahāngai matū (pēnei i te tikanga hauhā whanariki - hau), te pirau taiao, ngā tikanga pirau koiora rānei hei whakaiti i te kukū o te toenga cyanide ki raro iho i te paerewa ā-motu, hei ārai hoki i te parahanga taiao. Ka taea te whakakore i ngā para kua tukatukahia mā te whakarārangi, mā te whakamahi rānei i tētahi atu tikanga e tika ana.

Opaniraa

He tukanga nui te tango koura mai i ngā konganuku koura mā te whakamahi i te cyanidation leaching. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga maha pērā i te whakarite rauemi mata, te tango koura mā te whakamahi i te cyanidation leaching, te wehenga totoka-wai, te whakaora koura, me te maimoatanga paru, ka taea te tango koura mai i ngā konganuku koura i roto i te huarahi whai hua. Heoi, nā te paitini o te cyanide, i roto i te tukanga whakamahi i te Cyanidation Leaching , me aro nui ki te haumaru o te hanga me te tiaki i te taiao kia mau tonu ai te whanaketanga pumau o te umanga keri koura.