Inoshanda Emergency Solutions yeSodium Cyanide Kurasika

Sodium cyanide chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda chinowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kugadzira migodhi nemakemikari. Kuburitswa kwe sodium cyanide netsaona kunogona kuburitsa hydrocyanic acid (HCN) uye cyanide ions (CN-), zvichikonzera njodzi huru kuhutano nenharaunda. Kana zviitiko zvakadaro zvikaitika, nzira dzekupindura nekukurumidza uye dzinoshanda dzakakosha kuderedza njodzi dzinoenderana nekusangana necyanide. Pano, tinotsanangura nzira nhatu dzakajairika dzekupindura nekukurumidza: alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, uye complex absorption.

1. Alkaline chlorination nzira

Kuisa chlorination mu alkaline ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru pakurapa Sodium Cyanide spills. Iyi nzira inoshandisa hunhu hwekuderedza cyanide ions, iyo inogona kuoxidized ne oxidants dzakasimba. Ma oxidants anoshandiswa nenzira iyi anosanganisira bleaching powder ( calcium hypochlorite ) uye sodium hypochlorite.

Kana maoxidants aya asangana neiyo cyanide ions, kemikari inoitika inoshandura chepfu CN- kuita isiri-chepfu byproducts senge kabhoni dhaidhiyoni (CO2) uye nitrogen (N2). Shanduko iyi inonyatso kudzikamisa huturu hwecyanide, ichiita kuti ive nehushamwari.

Maitiro acho anoda akanyatso kudzora mamiriro kuti ave nechokwadi chakazara oxidation uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kwepakati chepfu chepfu. Vanopindura vanofanirwa kunyatso tarisisa maitiro uye kutevedzera kuchengetedza mapuroteni kuti vadzivise chero mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe.

2. Acid-base neutralization nzira

Imwe nzira yakajairika yekurapa nayo Sodium cyanide spills ndeye acid-base neutralization. Nzira iyi inoshandisa hushoma hwe hydrocyanic acid, iyo inogona kunyungudika ne strong base. Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvinosanganisira limewater (calcium hydroxide), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), uye ammonia (ammonium hydroxide).

Iyo neutralization reaction inoburitsa isingaite inovhuvhuta munyu yakasikwa inobatsira kudzora iyo hydrocyanic acid. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo inokonzeresa aqueous solution ichiri muchetura uye inofanirwa kuunganidzwa uye kugadziridzwa zvakare kuitira kuchengetedza.

Uye zvakare, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kudzora kupararira kweiyo neutralization mhinduro, nekuti kabhoni dhaidhiokisi mumhepo inogona kutsiva cyanide mumushonga wemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Nokudaro, vanunuri vanofanira kushandisa matanho akasimba ekudzivirira kudzivirira kupararira kwezvinhu zvine chepfu.

3. Complexation absorption nzira

Iyo yakaoma absorption nzira yakavakirwa pane pfuma iyo cyanide ions inogona kugadzira macomplexes ane mamwe maion simbi (senge sirivheri nemhangura). Kana cyanide ions ikasangana neayoni esimbi aya, masimbi asina chepfu anoumbwa, senge silver cyanide complexes uye copper cyanide complexes.

Iyi nzira inoshandisa activated carbon semutakuri wesimbi ions. Kana sirivheri kana mhangura cyanide complexes yakanamirwa pamusoro peiyo activated kabhoni, inogona kuita nehydrocyanic acid kuti iumbe yakagadzika, isiri-chepfu macomplexes, ayo asingangobatsiri detoxify asiwo ane mhedzisiro yekuuraya utachiona nzvimbo yakakanganisika.

Kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye matanho ekupikisa

Pamusoro penzira dzekurapa dziri pamusoro, zvakakoshawo kutora matanho ekuchengetedza kana paine sodium cyanide inodonha. Kutanga, vashandi vekununura vanofanira kufambisa chero cyanide panzvimbo yetsaona kunzvimbo yakachengeteka kudzivirira kukanganisa kwepakiti uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunotevera.

Muchiitiko chemoto wecyanide, vanunuri vanofanira kushandisa mvura yakapfapfaidza kudzima moto. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usashandise acidic kana alkaline yekudzimisa maajenti sezvo anogona kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu uye kukonzera kuburitswa kwemamwe magasi ane chepfu.

Pamusoro pezvo, kana hydrogen cyanide ichidonha, inorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa yakananga pfapfaidzo yechitatu-mu-imwe nzira yekuuraya utachiona, sezvo nzira iyi inogona kuita nyore kuti zvinhu zvine chepfu ive maaerosols, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekufumurwa kwevashandi uye nharaunda yakapoteredza.

pakupedzisa

Sodium cyanide spills inoda kukurumidza uye inoshanda yekupindura matanho ekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, uye yakaoma absorption inzira nhatu dzakajairika dzekurapa dzinogona kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwecyanide.

Nekudaro, vanopindura vanofanirwa kutevedzera maprotocol ekuchengetedza uye kuita matanho ekudzivirira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vese vanobatanidzwa mukuedza kwekupindura. Nekunzwisisa uye nekushandisa idzi nzira dzekupindura kwechimbichimbi, indasitiri inogona kugadzirira zvirinani uye kupindura kune sodium cyanide kupera, pakupedzisira ichideredza mukana wekukuvara.