Tinofanira Kudzorera Sei Goridhe neSodium Cyanide?

ziviso

Kudzoreredza goridhe uchishandisa sodium cyanide inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emigodhi nesimbi dzinokosha. Cyanide ine kugona kwakasiyana kwekugadzira makemikari anonyungudika negoridhe, izvo zvinobvumira kuburitswa kwegoridhe kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sematombo emhando yepasi, matope, uye mamwe marara emagetsi. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehuturu hwakawanda hwecyanide , maitiro aya anofanira kuitwa nekungwarira kwakanyanya uye kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nharaunda.

Nheyo yeKudzoreredza Goridhe neSodium Cyanide

Kana iri yechisikigo, goridhe rinowanzo kuwanikwa rakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvicherwa mumatombo. Kana Sodium Cyanide ikaiswa mugoridhe, panoitika makemikari. Kana paine okisijeni nemvura, goridhe rinoita makemikari necyanide kuti rigadzire chinhu chinonyunguduka. Izvi zvinonyungudutsa goridhe riri mucyanide solution, zvichiriparadzanisa nemamwe mamineral asinganyunguduke mumatombo.

Nhanho-ne-Nhanho Maitiro

Ore Preparation

1. Kupwanya neKukuya : Danho rekutanga rinosanganisira kuderedza saizi yedombo. Zvidimbu zvikuru zvedombo zvinotanga zvapwanywa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uchishandisa ma crushers. Zvadaro, dombo rakapwanywa rinokuyiwa kuita upfu hwakatsetseka mumagayo. Izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro yedombo, zvichiita kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka pakati pezvidimbu zvine goridhe nemushonga we cyanide. Semuenzaniso, mugodhi wegoridhe wakajairika, dombo rinogona kupwanywa kusvika pahukuru husingasviki 10 mm panguva yekutanga yekupwanywa uye rozokuyiwa kusvika pahukuru hwezvidimbu apo inenge 80% yezvidimbu zviri pasi pe75 micrometers muchikamu chekukuya.

2. Kurapa usati watanga (kana zvichidikanwa) : Kana dombo iri riine sulfide minerals kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvinogona kukanganisa nzira yekubuda kwecyanide , kurapwa kwekutanga kunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, kana paine huwandu hwakawanda hwepyrite mudombo, rinogona kushandisa oxygen necyanide, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubviswa kwegoridhe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, dombo iri rinogona kugochwa kana kuomeswa nebio. Kugochwa kunosanganisira kupisa dombo iri mumhepo kuti rioxide sulfide minerals, nepo bio-oxidation ichishandisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo kuti oxide sulfide minerals patembiricha yakaderera nenzira isingakuvadzi nharaunda.

Leaching

1. Kugadzirira Cyanide Solution : Mhinduro yakasanganiswa yeSodium cyanide inogadzirwa. Kuwanda kwecyanide solution kunowanzova pakati pe0.05% kusvika 0.2% (w/v), zvichienderana nehunhu hweore uye huwandu hwegoridhe. Lime inowanzowedzerwa mucyanide solution kugadzirisa pH kusvika pa10 - 11. Iyi alkaline environment inobatsira kudzivirira kuumbwa kwegasi rine chepfu rehydrogen cyanide uye zvakare kukurudzira kunyungudika kwegoridhe.

2. Maitiro Ekubvisa Dombo : Dombo revhu rinosanganiswa nemushonga wecyanide mumatangi makuru kana kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekubvisa dombo. Mukubvisa dombo revhu, musanganiswa wedombo recyanide unokanganiswa, kungave nekanika kana nekuisa mweya, kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti zvidimbu zvegoridhe zvine simba zvinosangana zvakanaka necyanide, zvichiita kuti pave nekuwedzera reaction rate. Mukubvisa dombo revhu, iro rakakodzera madombo emhando yepasi, dombo rakapwanywa rinounganidzwa pajira risingapindi mvura, uye mushonga wecyanide unopfapfaidzwa pamusoro pedombo. Mhinduro inonyura nedombo, ichinyungudutsa goridhe sezvarinofambira mberi. Maitiro ekubvisa dombo anogona kutora chero nguva kubva pamaawa akati wandei kusvika kumazuva akati wandei, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwedombo, saizi yezvidimbu, uye mamiriro ekuburitsa dombo.

Kuparadzaniswa kweSolids uye Liquids

Kutevera maitiro ekuchenesa, slurry inoguma ine tsvina yakasimba (tailings) uye mhinduro ine goridhe - cyanide compound. Kupatsanura zvinhu zvakasimba uye zvemvura zvakakosha. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakadai sefiltration kana sedimentation. Mukusefa, slurry inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nesefa midhiya, senge machira esefa kana mafirita. Iyo yakaoma tailings inochengetwa pane sefa, nepo mhinduro yakajeka, inozivikanwa seyakazvitakura mhinduro, iyo ine goridhe yakanyungudika, inopfuura. Sedimentation inosanganisira kubvumira zvimedu zvakasimba kuti zvigare pasi petangi nekuda kwegiravhiti. Mvura ine simba guru, mushonga wepamuviri, unogona kubva wanyatsodirwa.

Goridhe Kudzoreredza kubva kune Yepamuviri Solution

1. Kudzikisa Zinc (Merrill - Crowe Process) : Imwe nzira yakajairika yekuwana goridhe kubva mumushonga une mimba ndeyekudzikisa zinc. Guruva rezinc kana kuti zinc shavings zvinowedzerwa mumushonga. Sezvo zinc ichinyanya kushanda kupfuura goridhe, inobvisa goridhe kubva mugoridhi - cyanide compound. Goridhe rinozobuda sechisimbe, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena. Mushure mekuitwa, chisimbe chinosefa uye chinogadziriswazve. Goridhe rinobuda rine chisimbe rinozonyungudutswa kuti riwane goridhe rakachena.

2. Kunyudzwa kweKabhoni Yakagadzirwa (Carbon - in - Pulp/CIP uye Carbon - in - Leach/CIL) : Mukuita kweCIP, Kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa kune slurry mushure mechikamu chekunyudzwa. Kabhoni inoshandiswa, ine nzvimbo yayo yepamusoro, inonyudzwa gold - cyanide compound kubva mumushonga. Kabhoni yegoridhe inobva yaparadzaniswa kubva kune slurry nekuongorora. Mukuita kweCIL, kabhoni inoshandiswa inowedzerwa panguva yekunyudzwa kwayo pachayo. Kabhoni yakazara negoridhe inozobviswa kubva musystem. Goridhe rinogona kutorwa kubva mukabhoni uchishandisa mushonga wakasimba wecyanide kana zvimwe zvinoburitsa. Mushure mekubvisa, goridhe rinogona kutorwa kubva mumushonga wekubvisa kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai se electrowinning kana kuwedzera kunaya kwemvura.

Refening

Iyo goridhe inowanikwa mushure mekunaya kana adsorption kazhinji haina kuchena, ine tsvina semamwe simbi uye asiri - simbi. Kuti uwane yakakwirira-yakachena goridhe (kazhinji 99.9% kana kupfuura), nzira dzekunatsa dzinoshandiswa. Imwe nzira yakajairika yekunatsa ndeye electrolytic refining. Mukuita uku, goridhe rakasviba rinoiswa seanode musero re electrolytic, uye cathode yegoridhe yakachena inoshandiswa. Electrolyte yakakodzera, yakadai semhinduro yegoridhe chloride, inoshandiswa. Kana magetsi achipfuura nemusero, goridhe iri muanode inonyungudika uye inoisa pane cathode. Izvo zvisina kuchena zvinogona kuramba zviri mu electrolyte kana kuumba sludge pasi pesero.

Chengetedzo uye Mafungiro Ezvakatipoteredza

1. Huturu hweCyanide : Sodium cyanide ine chepfu yakanyanya. Kufema, kunwa, kana kusangana neganda necyanide kunogona kuuraya. Mashandiro ese anosanganisira cyanide anofanira kuitwa munzvimbo dzine mhepo inofema zvakanaka, uye vashandi vanofanira kupfeka michina yekudzivirira yakakodzera, kusanganisira ma respirators, magurovhosi, uye mbatya dzekudzivirira. Zvirongwa zvekupindura nekukurumidza zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo kana cyanide ikadururwa kana kubatwa nechinhu.

2. Kukanganiswa Kwezvakatipoteredza : Cyanide inogona kukuvadza nharaunda kana ikasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Masara anobva mukudzoserwa kwegoridhe anogona kunge aine cyanide yakasara. Masara aya anofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakachengeteka kudzivirira kuburitswa kwecyanide munzvimbo. Nzira dzekurapa, dzakadai sekuoxidation yemakemikari kana kuora kwehupenyu, dzinogona kushandiswa kupwanya cyanide iri mumasara asati aburitswa kana kuraswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kutarisa kwakasimba kwemvura iri pedyo nemabasa ekudzoserwa kwegoridhe kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kusvibiswa kwecyanide kunoitika.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kudzorera goridhe inzira yakaoma asi inoshanda. Zvinosanganisira matanho akawanda, kubva pakugadzirira ore kusvika kudzoreredza goridhe uye kunatsa. Kunyange ichipa yakakwira-inoshanda nzira yekuburitsa goridhe kubva kwakasiyana masosi, iyo yakabatana chengetedzo nenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nemazvo. Nekutevera maitiro akakodzera, kushandisa tekinoroji yakakodzera, uye kutevedzera mirau, indasitiri yekudzoreredza goridhe inogona kuramba ichishanda nenzira yakagadzikana uye ine mutoro.