Ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ke eng?

Tlhaloso ea Solubility

Solubility e bolela palo e phahameng ea solute e ka qhibilihang ka tekanyo e fanoeng ea solvent ka mocheso o itseng le khatello ea ho etsa tharollo e homogeneous. Hangata e hlahisoa ka ligrama tsa solute ho 100 milliliters (g/100 mL) ea solvent kapa ka moles ka litha e le nngwe (mol/L).

Ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ka metsing

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) e qhibiliha haholo metsing. Mochesong oa kamore (hoo e ka bang 25 °C), hoo e ka bang ligrama tse 48 tsa Sodium cyanide li ka qhibiliha ka har'a limililithara tse 100 tsa metsi. Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, ho qhibiliha ha eona metsing le hona hoa phahama. Mohlala, ho 34.7 °C, ho qhibiliha ha Sodium Cyanide metsing ke hoo e ka bang 82 g/100 mL.

Ho qhibiliha ho hoholo ha sodium cyanide ka metsing ho ka bakoa ke mabaka a 'maloa. Sodium cyanide ke motsoako oa ionic, o nang le li-cation tsa sodium (Na⁺) le li-anion tsa cyanide (CN⁻). Metsi ke molek'hule ea polar, e nang le charge e ntle e itseng liathomong tsa haedrojene le charge e mpe e fokolang athomong ea oksijene. Ha sodium cyanide e eketsoa metsing, limolek'hule tsa metsi tsa polar li sebelisana le li-ion tse ka har'a sodium cyanide. Lipheletso tse ntle tsa limolek'hule tsa metsi li hoheloa ke li-anion tsa cyanide, 'me lipheletso tse mpe li hoheloa ke li-cation tsa sodium. Tšebelisano ena e matla ea ion-dipole pakeng tsa li-ion tsa sodium cyanide le limolek'hule tsa metsi e lumella sodium cyanide ho qhibiliha habonolo ka metsing.

Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide metsing ke ts'ebetso e makatsang. Ho ea ka molao-motheo oa Le Chatelier, bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha ka mokhoa o feteletseng, ho eketseha ha mocheso ho tla fetola tekano ea karabelo ea ho qhibiliha ho ea lehlakoreng la solute e tiileng (e sa qhibilihang). Leha ho le joalo, tabeng ea sodium cyanide, ho eketseha ha mocheso ho ntse ho lebisa ho eketseha ha solubility. Sena se bakoa ke hore ho eketseha ha mocheso ho boetse ho eketsa matla a kinetic a limolek'hule tsa metsi le li-ion, tse khothalletsang ho arohana ha sodium cyanide ho li-ion le ho hasana ha tsona metsing, ho feta phello ea tlhaho ea exothermic ea ho qhibiliha ho qhibiliha ho isa tekanyong e itseng.

Solubility ka har'a li-solvents tse ling

Ntle le metsi, sodium cyanide e na le litšoaneleho tse fapaneng tsa ho qhibiliha ho li-solvents tse ling:

• Ethanol : Sodium cyanide e qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a ethanol. Ho qhibiliha ha ethanol ho tlase haholo ha ho bapisoa le ho metsi. Lebaka ke hobane ethanol ke solvent e fokolang ho feta metsi. Karolo e seng ea polar ea molek'hule ea ethanol (sehlopha sa ethyl) e fokotsa polarity ka kakaretso ea solvent. Ka lebaka leo, likamano tsa ion-dipole pakeng tsa li-ion tsa sodium cyanide le limolek'hule tsa ethanol ha li matla joalo ka tse nang le limolek'hule tsa metsi, e leng se lebisang ho qhibilihang ho tlase.

• Ditharollo tse ding tsa tlhaho : Sodium cyanide e na le ho qhibiliha ho tlase haholo ditharollong tse seng tsa tlhaho tse kang benzene, ether, jj. Ditharollo tse seng tsa tlhaho ha di na bokgoni ba ho sebelisana hantle le mefuta ya ionic e ho sodium cyanide. Kaha dimolek'hule tse seng tsa tlhaho ha di na karohano e kgolo ya tjhaja, di ke ke tsa hohela di-ion tsa sodium le cyanide ho roba maqhama a ionic ho sodium cyanide le ho hasanya di-ion tse ho solvent.

Bohlokoa ba Solubility

Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri

Indastering ea merafo ea khauta , ho qhibiliha ho hoholo ha sodium cyanide metsing ho bohlokoa. Khauta e etsa motsoako o qhibilihang ka sodium cyanide ka tharollong ea metsi. Motsoako ona oa khauta e qhibilihang - cyanide o ka sebelisoa hape ho ntša khauta e hloekileng. Ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide metsing ho lumella ho ntšoa ha khauta ka katleho marong a eona.

Liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale

Ka har'a metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale, ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ka lihlapolli tse loketseng ho ama litekanyetso tsa karabelo le chai. Ka mohlala, ho tse ling tsa nucleophilic substitution reactions moo sodium cyanide e sebelisoang e le nucleophile, ho qhibiliha ha eona ka har'a mokhoa oa ho arabela (hangata motsoako oa polar joaloka metsi kapa motsoako oa metsi a joala) o etsa qeto ea hore na ion ea cyanide e ka itšoara kapele hakae le substrate. Haeba solubility e le tlase haholo, motsoako oa cyanide ion e sebetsang ka har'a tharollo e tla ba tlase, e leng se ka fokotsang karabelo kapa sa thibela karabelo ho etsahala hantle.

Litlhokomelo tsa polokeho le tikoloho

Ho utloisisa ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ho bohlokoa hape bakeng sa polokeho le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e phahameng, haeba sodium cyanide e tšolohile ka phoso, ho qhibiliha ha eona metsing ho bolela hore e ka qhibiliha kapele le ho silafatsa mehloli ea metsi. Soluble sodium cyanide joale e ka ntša khase e chefo ea hydrogen cyanide ka pel'a li-acids kapa tlas'a maemo a itseng a tikoloho. Tsebo ea ho qhibiliha ha eona e thusa ho rala mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho boloka le ho e lokisa haeba ho tšolloa.

Qetellong, sodium cyanide e na le ho qhibiliha ho hoholo metsing, ho fapana ho latela mocheso, le ho qhibiliha ho tlase haholo ho di-solvent tse ding tse kang ethanol le ho qhibiliha ho tlase haholo ho di-solvent tse seng tsa polar. Thepa ena ya ho qhibiliha e bapala karolo ya bohlokwa ditshebedisong tsa yona tsa indasteri , dikarabelong tsa dikhemikhale, le dikarolong tse amanang le polokeho.