Ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ke eng?

Tlhaloso ea Solubility

Solubility e bolela palo e phahameng ea solute e ka qhibilihang ka tekanyo e fanoeng ea solvent ka mocheso o itseng le khatello ea ho etsa tharollo e homogeneous. Hangata e hlahisoa ka ligrama tsa solute ho 100 milliliters (g/100 mL) ea solvent kapa ka moles ka litha e le nngwe (mol/L).

Ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ka metsing

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) e qhibiliha haholo metsing. Mocheso oa kamore (hoo e ka bang 25 ° C), hoo e ka bang ligrama tse 48 tsa Sodium cyanide e ka qhibiliha ka limililithara tse 100 tsa metsi. Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, eona Solubility ka metsing le eona ea phahama. Ka mohlala, ka 34.7 °C, solubility ea Sodium cyanide ka metsing ke hoo e ka bang 82 g/100 mL.

The solubility e phahameng ea sodium cyanide ka metsing ho ka amahanngoa le lintlha tse 'maloa. Sodium cyanide ke motsoako oa ionic, o nang le sodium cations (Na⁺) le cyanide anions (CN⁻). Metsi ke molek'hule ea polar, e nang le tefiso e ntle ea karolo ea liathomo tsa haedrojene le tefiso e mpe ea athomo ea oksijene. Ha sodium cyanide e kenngoa metsing, limolek'hule tsa metsi a polar li kopana le li-ion tse sodium cyanide. Liphello tse ntle tsa limolek'hule tsa metsi li hoheloa ke li-anion tsa cyanide, 'me lipheletsong tse mpe li hoheloa ke cations ea sodium. Tšebelisano ena e matla ea ion - dipole pakeng tsa li-ion tsa sodium cyanide le limolek'hule tsa metsi li lumella sodium cyanide ho qhibiliha habonolo metsing.

Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide metsing ke ts'ebetso e makatsang. Ho ea ka molao-motheo oa Le Chatelier, bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha ka mokhoa o feteletseng, ho eketseha ha mocheso ho tla fetola tekano ea karabelo ea ho qhibiliha ho ea lehlakoreng la solute e tiileng (e sa qhibilihang). Leha ho le joalo, tabeng ea sodium cyanide, ho eketseha ha mocheso ho ntse ho lebisa ho eketseha ha solubility. Sena se bakoa ke hore ho eketseha ha mocheso ho boetse ho eketsa matla a kinetic a limolek'hule tsa metsi le li-ion, tse khothalletsang ho arohana ha sodium cyanide ho li-ion le ho hasana ha tsona metsing, ho feta phello ea tlhaho ea exothermic ea ho qhibiliha ho qhibiliha ho isa tekanyong e itseng.

Solubility ka har'a li-solvents tse ling

Ntle le metsi, sodium cyanide e na le litšoaneleho tse fapaneng tsa ho qhibiliha ho li-solvents tse ling:

• Ethanol: Sodium cyanide e qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a ethanol. Ho qhibiliha ha ethanol ho tlase haholo ha ho bapisoa le ka metsing. Sena se bakoa ke hore ethanol ke motsoako o fokolang oa polar ho feta metsi. Karolo e seng polar ea molek'hule ea ethanol (sehlopha sa ethyl) e fokotsa polarity ka kakaretso ea solvent. Ka lebaka leo, litšebelisano tsa ion - dipole lipakeng tsa li-ion tsa sodium cyanide le limolek'hule tsa ethanol ha li matla joalo ka tse nang le limolek'hule tsa metsi, tse lebisang ho solubility e tlase.

• Li-solvents tse ling tsa organicSodium cyanide e na le "solubility" e tlase haholo linthong tse hlapollang tse sa polar tse kang benzene, ether, joalo-joalo. Litlhapi tse se nang polar ha li khone ho sebelisana hantle le mefuta ea ionic ho sodium cyanide. Kaha limolek'hule tseo e seng tsa polar ha li na karohano ea bohlokoa ea litefiso, li ke ke tsa hohela li-ion tsa sodium le cyanide ho roba maqhama a ionic ho sodium cyanide le ho qhala li-ion tse ka har'a solvent.

Bohlokoa ba Solubility

Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri

ka Ho rafa khauta indasteri, ho qhibiliha ho holimo ha sodium cyanide metsing ho bohlokoa. Khauta e etsa motsoako o qhibilihang o nang le sodium cyanide ka motsoako o nang le metsi. Khauta ena e qhibilihang - cyanide complex e ka boela ea sebetsoa hape ho ntša khauta e hloekileng. Ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide metsing ho etsa hore khauta e tsoe ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho tloha ores ea eona.

Liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale

Ka har'a metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale, ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ka lihlapolli tse loketseng ho ama litekanyetso tsa karabelo le chai. Ka mohlala, ho tse ling tsa nucleophilic substitution reactions moo sodium cyanide e sebelisoang e le nucleophile, ho qhibiliha ha eona ka har'a mokhoa oa ho arabela (hangata motsoako oa polar joaloka metsi kapa motsoako oa metsi a joala) o etsa qeto ea hore na ion ea cyanide e ka itšoara kapele hakae le substrate. Haeba solubility e le tlase haholo, motsoako oa cyanide ion e sebetsang ka har'a tharollo e tla ba tlase, e leng se ka fokotsang karabelo kapa sa thibela karabelo ho etsahala hantle.

Litlhokomelo tsa polokeho le tikoloho

Ho utloisisa ho qhibiliha ha sodium cyanide ho bohlokoa hape bakeng sa polokeho le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e phahameng, haeba sodium cyanide e tšolohile ka phoso, ho qhibiliha ha eona metsing ho bolela hore e ka qhibiliha kapele le ho silafatsa mehloli ea metsi. Soluble sodium cyanide joale e ka ntša khase e chefo ea hydrogen cyanide ka pel'a li-acids kapa tlas'a maemo a itseng a tikoloho. Tsebo ea ho qhibiliha ha eona e thusa ho rala mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho boloka le ho e lokisa haeba ho tšolloa.

Qetellong, sodium cyanide e na le solubility e phahameng ka metsing, e fapaneng le mocheso, le ho qhibiliha ka tlaase ho tse ling tse kang ethanol le ho qhibiliha ho tlaase haholo ho li-solvents tse seng polar. Thepa ena ea solubility e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho eona Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale, le lintlha tse amanang le polokeho.