Dukkan tsarin sinadarai na slime don yada nau'in nau'in nau'in zinare

1. Gabatarwa

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antar hakar gwal, sauƙi - sarrafa albarkatun zinare suna raguwa sannu a hankali. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi nazarin hanyoyin fa'ida da narkewar nau'ikan nau'ikan zinare masu jujjuyawa, irin su gwal tare da arsenic - antimony vein - nau'in watsawa. Wadannan ma'adanai ana siffanta su da cikakke

x mieralogy, inda arsenopyrite da stibnite ke da alaƙa da ma'adanai na gangue a cikin wani nau'i mai yaduwa, yana yin ƙalubale ga hakar gwal. The all - slime cyanidation tsari ne na kowa hanya domin zinariya hakar, amma ga irin wannan tama, shi sau da yawa fuskanci matsaloli kamar low zinariya leaching kudi da kuma high reagent amfani. Haɓaka wannan tsari zai iya inganta ƙimar amfani da albarkatu da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin ma'adinan gwal.

2. Halayen Arsenic - Jijin Antimony - Yaduwa Nau'in Zinare

2.1 Haɗin Ma'adinai

A cikin arsenic - antimony vein - nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in zinare da aka watsa, arsenopyrite da stibite sune manyan ma'adanai da ke shafar hakar zinariya. Barbasar zinari na halitta a cikin ma'adanin suna da girman barbashi marasa daidaituwa. An fi rarraba su a cikin tsage-tsalle da ƙananan wurare na pyrite da arsenopyrite, ko an nannade su a ciki. Wani lokaci, zinari yana kasancewa tare da stibite, kuma wani ɓangare na shi yana cikin ma'adanai na gangue kamar limonite ko quartz. Wani yanki na pyrite a cikin ma'adanin yana kasancewa mai kyau - yaduwan hatsi a cikin ma'adanai na gangue kuma yana da dangantaka ta kusa da arsenopyrite da marcasite. Arsenopyrite gabaɗaya yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kuma yana da alaƙa da pyrite. Tsarin ma'adinai galibi jijiya ne - yaduwa, tare da mafi yawan stibnite da arsenopyrite sun haɗu tare da ma'adanai na gangue ta hanyar watsawa.

2.2 Abubuwa masu cutarwa

Kasancewar arsenic (As) da antimony (Sb) a cikin ma'adinan yana da matukar rashin jin daɗi ga leaching na zinari. Wadannan abubuwa zasu iya mayar da martani da cyanide da oxygen a cikin tsarin cyanidation, cinye babban adadin reagents da rage yawan leaching na zinariya. Misali, arsenic na iya samar da sinadarin arsenic iri-iri - mai dauke da mahadi a cikin maganin cyanide, wanda ba wai kawai yana cinye cyanide ba amma kuma yana iya samar da fina-finai na wucewa a saman gwal na gwal, wanda ke hana cudanya tsakanin gwal da ion cyanide.

3. Matsalolin da suka wanzu a cikin Duk - Tsarin Cyanidation na Slime

3.1 Rawanin Leaching na Zinare

Kai tsaye duk - slime cyanidation na arsenic - antimony vein - nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in zinare da aka yada sau da yawa yana haifar da ƙarancin leaching na zinariya. Saboda hadadden ma'adinan ma'adinai da kuma kasancewar abubuwa masu cutarwa, zinari yana da wuya a narkar da shi ta hanyar cyanide. Ga wasu ma'adanai, kai tsaye duk - slime cyanidation rate dawo da kusan 47.62%.

3.2 Babban Amfani da Reagent

Tsarin cyanidation yana buƙatar babban adadin cyanide a matsayin wakili na leaching. Duk da haka, a gaban arsenic, antimony da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa, amfani da cyanide yana ƙaruwa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar wasu ma'adanai na sulfide a cikin ma'adanin ma na iya amsawa tare da cyanide, ƙara yawan amfani da reagent. Alal misali, amsawar ma'adinan sulfide tare da cyanide na iya haifar da cyano daban-daban - hadaddun, rage ƙwayar cyanide kyauta a cikin slurry da retarding zinariya leaching.

4. Dabarun Ingantawa ga Duka - Tsarin Cyanidation na Slime

4.1 Hanyoyin Magani

4.1.1 Maganin Leaching na Alkaline

Yin amfani da NaOH azaman wakili na leaching alkaline na iya cire wasu abubuwa masu cutarwa yadda ya kamata. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje na ma'auni na orthogonal, an ƙaddara cewa ga wasu ma'adinai, lokacin da ma'adinan ma'adinai ya kasance - 200 raga na lissafin 85%, ƙaddamarwar alkaline shine 60 kg / t, lokacin leaching alkaline shine 32 h, kuma zafin jiki na alkaline shine 26 ° C, sakamakon zai iya inganta tasirin cyanidation. Leaching alkaline na iya narkar da wasu arsenic - da antimony - masu ɗauke da ma'adanai zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, yana rage mummunan tasirin su akan tsarin cyanidation.

4.1.2 Maganin Acid

Maganin acid kafin amfani da shi, kamar amfani da nitric acid (HNO₃) da hydrochloric acid (HCl), suma suna iya yin tasiri. Maganin acid kafin amfani da shi na iya rage yawan shan cyanide. Misali, bayan maganin acid kafin amfani da shi, shan cyanide na iya raguwa da 340 - 210 mg/L bi da bi, kuma adadin dawo da zinare da ya dace zai iya karuwa zuwa 98.87% da 95.11%. Maganin acid kafin amfani da shi na iya narkar da wasu. Carbonsun ci ma'adanai da wani ɓangare na ma'adanai na sulfide a cikin ma'adinan, wanda hakan ya rage tsangwamar waɗannan ma'adanai a cikin tsarin cyanidation.

4.1.3 Gasasu Pretreatment

Gasa tama a 600 - 1000 ° C na 0.5 - 2 hours kafin cyanidation kuma zai iya samun sakamako mai kyau. Sakamakon Cyanidation akan samfuran gasassun ya nuna cewa yawan amfani da cyanide ya ragu sosai da 1150 mg/L, kuma adadin dawo da gwal yana ƙaruwa da 5.2%. Bugu da kari, abun ciki na arsenic, antimony, cadmium, da SAURARA a cikin gasasshen samfurin (gasashe a 1000 ° C don 2 h) suna raguwa sosai. Gasasshiyar na iya juyar da ma'adinan sulfide zuwa karfe oxides, yana sa zinare ya fi samun damar yin leken asirin cyanide.

4.2 Inganta Yanayin Cyanidation

4.2.1 Tattaunawar Cyanide

Don ores tare da halaye daban-daban, ana buƙatar ƙaddara ƙimar cyanide mai dacewa. Don nau'in nau'in tama na farko da ke dauke da 10.5 ppm zinariya tare da babban arsenic da antimony, mafi kyawun ƙwayar cyanide shine 4000 mg / L, yayin da nau'in nau'i na nau'i na biyu na samfurin tama tare da ƙananan zinariya (2.5 ppm) amma babban abun ciki na azurfa (160 ppm), mafi kyawun ƙwayar cyanide shine 2500 mg / L. Daidaita taro na cyanide bisa ga kaddarorin ma'adinai na iya tabbatar da ingantaccen leaching na gwal yayin rage sharar reagent.

4.2.2 pH darajar

Ƙimar pH na maganin cyanidation kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tasirin leaching. Don samfurin farko, mafi kyawun pH shine 11.1. kuma ga samfurin na biyu, mafi kyawun pH shine 10.5. Tsayar da ƙimar pH mai dacewa zai iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na maganin cyanide kuma ya inganta halayen da ke tsakanin zinariya da cyanide ions.

4.2.3 Lokacin Cyanidation

Hakanan ya kamata a inganta lokacin cyanidation. Ga duka nau'ikan samfuran da aka ambata a sama, lokacin cyanidation da ya dace shine 24 h. Tsawaita lokacin cyanidation na iya zama ba lallai ba ne ya ƙara ƙimar dawo da gwal sosai amma zai ƙara farashin samarwa. Sabili da haka, ƙayyade lokacin da ya dace na cyanidation yana da mahimmanci don inganta ingantaccen samarwa.

4.2.4 Amfani da Ma'aikatan Oxidizing

Yin amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen kamar H₂O₂ (0.015 M), iska (0.15 L/min), ko cakuda H₂O₂ da iska na iya inganta haɓakar haɓakar zinare. Daga cikin su, allurar iska tana da tasiri mafi mahimmanci akan leaching motsin rai. Ma'aikatan Oxidizing na iya canza wasu abubuwa da aka rage a cikin ma'adinan zuwa nau'i mai oxidized, suna inganta rushewar zinariya.

5. Nazarin Al'amura

A cikin ma'adinan zinari a Gansu, an inganta tsarin sinadarai na arsenic - antimony vein - nau'in gwal da aka watsa. Ta hanyar alkaline leaching pretreatment tare da NaOH, inganta nika fineness, alkaline leaching maida hankali, lokaci, da kuma zafin jiki, sa'an nan aiwatar da cyanidation tare da dacewa NaCN maida hankali da cyanidation lokaci, da cyanide leaching rate ya karu daga asali 47.62% zuwa 85.04%. A wani yanayin kuma, a cikin ajiyar gwal tare da hadadden abun da ke tattare da tama, bayan an yi amfani da acid pretreatment da gasa pretreatment, sannan daidaitawa. Yanayin Cyanidation, an inganta ƙimar dawo da zinare sosai, kuma an rage yawan amfani da cyanide yadda ya kamata.

6. Kammalawa

Haɓaka tsarin slime cyanidation don arsenic - antimony vein - nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in zinari mai yaduwa hanya ce mai mahimmanci don inganta haɓakar hakar gwal da rage farashin samarwa. Ta hanyar zabar hanyoyin da suka dace da pretreatment kamar alkaline leaching, acid pretreatment, da gasa pretreatment, da kuma inganta cyanidation yanayi ciki har da cyanide maida hankali, pH darajar, cyanidation lokaci, da kuma yin amfani da oxidizing jamiái, gagarumin ci gaba a cikin zinariya leaching kudi da reagent amfani. Ya kamata ma'adinan zinari daban-daban su zaɓi dabarun ingantawa bisa ga halayen ma'adinan su don cimma mafi kyawun fa'idodin tattalin arziki da muhalli.