Njikwa uru pH nke Sodium Cyanide Solution na ngwungwu mkpokoro maka mmịpụta ọla edo

1. Okwu Mmalite

Obo leaching guzo dị ka usoro a na-ewu ewu maka ịwepụta ọla edo site na ọla ndị dị obere. N'ime usoro a, sodium cyanide A na-ejikarị ngwọta eme ihe dị ka onye na-edozi ahụ. N'ime ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ na nchekwa nke ikpo ọkụ, na-achịkwa uru pH nke ihe ọkụkụ. Sodium Cyanide ngwọta bụ ihe kacha mkpa.

2. Usoro kemịkalụ n'okpuru njikwa uru pH

2.1 Mmezi Mgbasa Ọlaedo

Mgbe ị na-eji sodium cyanide ngwọta na leach gold, a kpọmkwem chemical mmeghachi omume pụtara. N'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline, mmeghachi omume a dị irè karị. N'oge mmeghachi omume, cyanide ions na ngwọta na-ejikọta ọla edo. Mmekọrịta a na-eme ka e nwee ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes, nke na-enyere aka wepụ ọla edo site na ọla.

2.2 Cyanide kwụsie ike na pH

Cyanide dị na ọnọdụ nha anya n'ime ngwọta. Cyanide nwere ike imeghachi omume na ion hydrogen dị na ngwọta. Mgbe ngwọta dị acidic (ụkpụrụ pH dị ala), mmeghachi omume a na-eduga n'ịmepụta hydrogen cyanide, gas na-egbu egbu. Ọ bụghị naanị na nke a na-akpata mfu nke cyanide, na-abawanye oriri nke onye na-ahụ maka leaching, ma na-etinyekwa ihe egwu dị egwu na ahụike na nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ n'ihi nsị nke hydrogen cyanide. Ya mere, idobe uru pH alkaline kwesịrị ekwesị dị mkpa. Ọ na-enyere aka belata nguzobe nke hydrogen cyanide gas ma hụ na nkwụsi ike nke cyanide na ngwọta maka ịcha ọla edo nke ọma.

3. Ọnụ ahịa pH kacha mma

A, na onodu nke Okpokoro Leaching maka mmịpụta ọla edo eji sodium cyanide Ngwọta, a na-ahụta oke pH kachasị mma dị ka ọ dị n'etiti 10 na 11.5.

3.1 pH n'okpuru oke kacha mma

Ọ bụrụ na uru pH nke ngwọta cyanide sodium na-agbada n'okpuru 10. ọtụtụ nsonaazụ ọjọọ nwere ike ime. Nke mbụ, ọnụego ọla edo na-agbaze ga-ada nke ukwuu. Mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo na ion cyanide na-adịchaghị mma, na-eduga n'ịmepụta arụmọrụ ọla edo dị ala site na ọla. Nke abụọ, dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, nhazi nke hydrogen cyanide gas ga-abawanye. Nke a dị oke egwu maka ndị ọrụ na mpaghara ebe a na-egwupụta akụ ma nwee mmetụta na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi. Na mgbakwunye, n'ụkpụrụ pH dị ala, ụfọdụ adịghị ọcha dị na ọla nwere ike ịgbaze ngwa ngwa, na-etinye aka na nguzobe ọla edo - cyanide complexes ma na-ebelata ọnụego ntapu ọla edo.

3.2 pH N'elu Oke kacha mma

Ọ bụ ezie na mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo na ion cyanide na-akwado n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline, ọ bụrụ na uru pH dị oke elu (n'elu 11.5), nsogbu nwekwara ike ibili. Oke alkalinity nwere ike ime ka mmiri ozuzo nke ụfọdụ metal hydroxides. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ion metal dị ka ígwè, aluminum, na calcium dị na ọla nwere ike ịmepụta hydroxides na-adịghị edozi. Hydroxides ndị a na-adịghị soluble nwere ike kpuchie elu nke ihe ndị ahụ. Okpokoro mkpuchi a nwere ike igbochi kọntaktị dị n'etiti ngwọta cyanide sodium na ọla edo na-ebu mineral, si otú ahụ belata ọnụego ntanye ọla edo. Ọzọkwa, ụkpụrụ pH dị elu nwere ike ime ka mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị ọzọ alkaline, na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa nke usoro ahụ.

4. Ụzọ maka mmezi uru pH

4.1 lime (calcium hydroxide)

Lime bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịhazi uru pH nke ngwọta sodium cyanide na mkpokọ mmiri. Mgbe etinyere lime na ngwọta ahụ, ọ na-emeghachi omume na mmiri. Mmeghachi omume a na-ewepụta ion hydroxide, nke na-eme ka uru pH nke ngwọta ahụ dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo alkaline. Lime dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe ịnweta, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ a ma ama maka nnukwu ọrụ mkpokọ mmiri. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ị na-eji lime, a ga-elebara anya na oke ya. Ịgbakwunye lime gabigara ókè nwere ike ibute nsogbu dịka ịmepụta nha na pipelines na akụrụngwa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na calcium dị na lime nwere ike imeghachi omume na carbonIri ion n'ime mmiri ahụ wee mepụta calcium carbonate.

4.2 soda (sodium hydroxide)

Sodium hydroxide bụ pH ọzọ dị irè - onye na-agbanwe agbanwe. Mgbe agbakwunyere sodium cyanide ngwọta, ọ na-ekewa na mmiri. Nkewa a na-ahapụ ions hydroxide, nke nwere ike ịbawanye uru pH nke ngwọta ngwa ngwa. Tụnyere wayo, sodium hydroxide nwere ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi pH - mmetụta mgbanwe. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ebe achọrọ ngbanwe ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi nke uru pH, dị ka n'ime ụlọ nyocha - nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ obere mkpirisi ikpo ọkụ. Otú ọ dị, sodium hydroxide dị oke ọnụ karịa lime, nke nwere ike igbochi ngwa ya na nnukwu mmepụta mmepụta ihe.

5. Nleba anya na njikwa nke pH Uru

Ihe mmetụta pH 5.1

Iji hụ na uru pH nke ngwọta cyanide sodium n'ime usoro ikpo ọkụ na-anọgide n'ime oke kachasị mma, a na-ejikarị pH sensọ maka nlekota oge. Ihe mmetụta pH bụ ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ike ịchọpụta ntinye nke ion hydrogen na ngwọta. Ha na-agbanwe ntinye uche a ka ọ bụrụ akara ọkụ eletrik kwekọrọ, nke a na-egosi ya dị ka uru pH. A na-edobe sensọ ndị a n'ebe ndị dị mkpa na sistemụ ikpo ọkụ, dị ka na tankị nchekwa ihe ngwọta leaching, pipeline maka ibuga ngwọta leaching n'obo ahụ, na n'ebe mgbapụ nke ikpo ahụ ka usoro nchịkọta ahụ gasịrị. Site n'ịga n'ihu na-enyocha uru pH, ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike chọpụta ngwa ngwa ọ bụla ndahie site na oke kacha ma mee usoro mmezi kwesịrị ekwesị.

5.2 Usoro njikwa akpaaka

N'ime ọrụ mkpokoro nke ọgbara ọhụrụ, sistemụ njikwa akpaaka na-ejikọta ya na sensọ pH iji nweta njikwa uru pH nke ọma na nke ọma. Enwere ike ịhazi usoro njikwa akpaaka ndị a ka ọ gbanwee usoro pH na-akpaghị aka - ndị na-emezigharị (dị ka wayo ma ọ bụ soda) dabere na ezigbo oge pH uru data nke ihe mmetụta ahụ chọpụtara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na uru pH nke ngwọta ahụ daa n'okpuru oke ala setịpụrụ, usoro nchịkwa na-akpaghị aka ga-eme ka ọnụego nke lime slurry ma ọ bụ sodium hydroxide ngwọta na-agbakwunye na ngwọta leaching iji bulie uru pH. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na uru pH gafere oke elu, usoro ahụ ga-ebelata usoro onunu ogwu nke pH - onye na-agbanwe agbanwe. Usoro njikwa akpaaka a abụghị naanị na-eme ka izi ezi nke njikwa uru pH dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-ebelata oke ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ ma hụ na nkwụsi ike na ọga n'ihu nke usoro ikpo mmiri.

6. Mmechi

N'ime ikpo okwu maka mmịpụta ọla edo site na iji sodium cyanide solution, njikwa siri ike nke uru pH nke ngwọta dị oke mkpa. Ọnụ ahịa pH kacha mma dị n'etiti 10 na 11.5 na-eme ka mgbasa ọla edo dị mma, na-ebelata oriri cyanide, ma na-ekwe nkwa nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Site n'iji pH kwesịrị ekwesị - ndị na-edozi ihe dị ka lime na soda, na imejuputa nleba anya oge na njikwa akpaghị aka site na pH sensọ na usoro njikwa akpaaka, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta akụ nwere ike ịkwalite usoro nkwụsị nke ikpo ọkụ, welie ọnụego mgbake ọla edo, ma belata ụgwọ ọrụ. Ka ọchịchọ maka ọla edo na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, nyocha na-aga n'ihu na nkwalite na nkà na ụzụ na-achịkwa uru pH ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe na-adigide nke ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo.