Sodium Cyanide: Chemical dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ

Okwu Mmalite

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ ihe dị mkpa na-adịghị n'ime ihe ndị e ji emepụta kemịkalụ. Site na njirimara kemịkalụ pụrụ iche ya, ọ na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe n'ọtụtụ ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Isiokwu a na-enyocha ihe ndị e ji emepụta, ojiji, mmepụta, na nchekwa nke Sodium cyanide , na-achọ inye nghọta zuru oke nke kemịkalụ dị mkpa a.

Njirimara nke sodium cyanide

Njirimara ahụ

Sodium cyanide na-apụta dị ka ihe siri ike ọcha, ihe ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ. Ọ na-adị hygroscopic ma nwee obere isi almond ilu. Ọ na-agbaze nke ukwuu na mmiri, ihe dị ka kilogram 0.4 nke Sodium Cyanide siri ike nwere ike ịgbaze na kilogram 1 nke mmiri na 30 Celsius. Ọ nwekwara ntakịrị mgbaze na ethanol. Ihe mejupụtara ya nwere oke molekul nke 49.007 g/mol, ebe agbaze nke 564 °C, na ebe esi mmiri nke 1469 °C, yana nrụgide uzuoku nke 0.1 kPa na 800 °C.

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyanide bụ isi siri ike - nnu asịd na-adịghị ike. Mmiri ya nwere ike ịkpụ kristal ka ọ bụrụ sodium cyanide hydrates nwere otu ma ọ bụ molekul mmiri abụọ dị n'okpuru 1.34 °C. Mgbe okpomọkụ gafere 34.7 °C, ọ na-efunahụ mmiri kristal ma ghọọ nnu na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri. Ọ na-emeghachi omume ngwa ngwa na asịd, ọbụna asịd ndị na-adịghị ike. Ígwè dị ka ígwè, zinc, nickel, ọla kọpa, cobalt, ọlaọcha, na cadmium nwere ike ịgbaze na ngwọta sodium cyanide, na-ebute ịmepụta cyanides kwekọrọ . N'ihu oxygen, ọ nwere ike ịgbaze ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa dị ka ọlaedo na ọlaọcha iji mepụta nnu dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ dịghị ekwekọ na asịd ma nwee ike imeghachi omume na carbon dioxide. N'ikuku ma ọ bụ mmiri dị mmiri mmiri, ọ nwere ike ịgbaze. Mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihu oxygen, ọ na-emepụta gas ndị na-egbu egbu dị ka hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, na nitrogen oxides. Ọ na-emeghachi omume ike na nitrates, nitrites, na chlorates, na-etinye ihe egwu mgbawa.

Ngwa nke sodium Cyanide

Ulo oru Ngwuputa

N'ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa ihe , ọkachasị n'iwepụta ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa dịka ọlaedo na ọlaọcha, sodium cyanide dị oke mkpa. Usoro cyanidation, nke gụnyere iji sodium cyanide solutions gbazee ọlaedo na ọlaọcha site na ọla, bụ ihe a na-anabata nke ọma n'ihi mfe ya na ọnụ ahịa dị ala. Maka kilogram ọlaedo ọ bụla a na-emepụta, ihe dị ka tọn anọ ruo ise nke sodium cyanide nwere ike ịchọ. Ọchịchọ maka sodium cyanide n'ọhịa a nwere njikọ chiri anya na mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa n'ahịa ụwa. Ka akụ na ụba ụwa na-agbake ma ọnụ ahịa ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu, mmụba nke ọrụ ngwuputa na-eduga n'ọchịchọ dị elu maka sodium cyanide.

Chemical njikọ

1.Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Sodium cyanide na-eje ozi dị ka akụrụngwa dị mkpa na njikọ ọgwụ. A na-eji ya emepụta ọgwụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na ihe mgbakwunye nri dị ka penicillin, vitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, na caffeine. N'ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, ọrụ ya n'ịmepụta ụdị kemịkalụ kpọmkwem n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ọgwụ dị mkpa, na-enye aka nke ukwuu na mmepe na mmepụta ọgwụ na-agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche.

2.Pestide Production

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ pesticide, a na-eji sodium cyanide na-emepụta ọgwụ ndị dị ka glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, na isoprothiolane. Ọgwụ nje ndị a na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ichekwa ihe ọkụkụ n'aka ahụhụ na ahịhịa, na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri. Ụzọ sịntetịt nke gụnyere sodium cyanide na-enyere aka ịmepụta ogige pesticid dị irè nwere njirimara kemịkal akọwapụtara.

3.Synthesis of Other Chemical Compounds

Ọ bụ ihe owuwu dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọtụtụ Cyanide ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe na ndị na-emepụta ihe . Site na iji sodium cyanide ozugbo, enwere ike ịmepụta cyanides ndị dị mkpa na-adịghị emepụta ihe dị ka sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, na potassium thiocyanate. N'ime cyanides ndị dị na organic, a na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ka cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, na cyanuric chloride. Na mgbakwunye, site na mmepụta nke hydrogen cyanide site na sodium cyanide, enwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa dị ka methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, na glycolonitrile. A na-eji ihe ndị a eme ihe nke ọma n'imepụta ihe ndị e ji aka rụọ, gụnyere plastik, roba, na eriri.

Ụlọ ọrụ Electroplating

Na electroplating, sodium cyanide bụ ihe bụ isi ihe na electroplating baths maka ọla dị ka ọla kọpa, ọlaọcha, cadmium, na zinc. Ọ nwere ike belata mmetụta polarization nke anodic, na-eme ka mgbasa nke anode na-emekarị. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere ike welie mmetụta polarization nke cathodic, na-enyere aka nweta mkpuchi metal edo edo n'elu ọrụ ahụ. Ọ bụghị nanị na nke a na-eme ka nguzogide corrosion nke akụkụ ígwè ahụ dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ọdịdị ha dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ngwaahịa electroplated dịkwuo mma ma na-adịgide adịgide.

Mmepụta nke sodium cyanide

Mmepụta nke sodium cyanide bụ usoro kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Otu usoro a na-ahụkarị bụ usoro Andrussow, nke gụnyere mmeghachi omume nke methane, amonia, na oxygen n'elu platinum - rhodium catalyst na okpomọkụ dị elu. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ usoro Castner, nke na-eji mmeghachi omume nke sodium amide na carbon n'ime ọkụ eletrik. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi oke nsi na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke sodium cyanide, ngalaba gọọmentị dị mkpa gburugburu ụwa na-achịkwa mmepụta ya nke ọma. Ndị na-emepụta ihe kwesịrị izute nchekwa nchekwa na ụkpụrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi iji hụ na mmepụta kemịkalụ a dị mma ma dịgidere.

Nchekwa na njikwa nke sodium Cyanide

Mgbu

Sodium cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Ọbụna obere ego, dị ka 100 - 200 mg, nwere ike igbu mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na etinye ya, kuru ya, ma ọ bụ banye na akpụkpọ ahụ. Ozugbo ọ banyere n'ahụ mmadụ, ọ na-ahapụ cyanide ion (CN-), bụ nke nwere njikọ siri ike maka ion ígwè na sel. Nke a na-akpaghasị usoro oxidation nkịtị na mkpụrụ ndụ, na-eduga na asphyxia cell na hypoxia anụ ahụ, n'ikpeazụ na-ebute ọnwụ. Mkpughe nke ukwuu nwere ike ịkpata mgbaàmà dịka adịghị ike, isi ọwụwa, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, njigide obi, ike iku ume, obi mgbawa, na nkwụsị nke mmụọ.

Nchedo nchedo

1.Nchekwa

Ekwesịrị ịchekwa sodium cyanide n'ebe dị jụụ, kpọrọ nkụ, nke ọma - ikuku ventilashị, pụọ na isi iyi ọkụ, mgbanye, na acid. Ekwesịrị idowe ya n'ime akpa akpọchichiri nke ọma nke ejiri ihe kwesịrị ekwesị mee ka ọ gbochie ntapu na mmeghachi omume na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụlọ nchekwa kwesịrị ịbụ nke nwere ntapu - usoro nchịkọta na akara ịdọ aka ná ntị iji gbochie mkpughe na mberede.

2. Ụgbọ njem

N'oge njem, sodium cyanide ga-agbasorịrị iwu siri ike. A chọrọ ụgbọ njem pụrụ iche nwere atụmatụ nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị. Ekwesịrị iji nlezianya nyochaa usoro njem iji gbochie mwụfu ma ọ bụ ihe mberede ọ bụla. Atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede na akụrụngwa kwesịrị ịdị n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ndị a na-atụghị anya ya.

3.Handling na Ntọala ụlọ ọrụ

Ndị ọrụ na-ejikwa sodium cyanide na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ga-enwerịrị ọzụzụ nchekwa nchekwa. Ha kwesịrị iyi ngwa nchebe nkeonwe kwesịrị ekwesị, gụnyere ihe iku ume, uwe nchebe, uwe aka na anya. Ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ kwesịrị ịgbaso usoro arụ ọrụ siri ike iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ikpughe. Ọ bụrụ na mwụfu ma ọ bụ ntapu, ekwesịrị iwere usoro nzaghachi mberede ozugbo, dị ka iji hydrogen peroxide wepụ sodium cyanide.

Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi

Ntufu na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke sodium cyanide ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu ya nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Cyanide - nwere mmiri mkpofu na ihe mkpofu nwere ike imerụ ala na isi mmiri, na-etinye ndụ nke osisi, anụmanụ, na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri n'ihe ize ndụ. Na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnukwu cyanide - nwere ọdụ ọdụ na-emepụta kwa afọ. Ọdụdọ ndị a, ma ọ bụrụ na ejikwaghị ya nke ọma, nwere ike ibute ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi ogologo oge. Ya mere, usoro nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mkpofu dị mkpa iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe omume ndị metụtara sodium cyanide.

mmechi

N'agbanyeghị oke nsị ya, Sodium cyanide bụ kemịkal dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Njirimara kemịkalụ pụrụ iche ya na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na mwepụta ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa, mmepụta kemịkalụ , na electroplating. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ihe egwu ndị nwere ike ibute ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, a ga-agbaso iwu nchekwa siri ike na usoro njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge mmepụta ya, njem, nchekwa, na ojiji ya. Ka teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, a kwesịkwara ime mgbalị iji mepụta ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ usoro ndị ka mma iji belata ntụkwasị obi na ihe egwu ndị metụtara sodium cyanide ma ka na-emezu mkpa nke mmepe ụlọ ọrụ.