Ọrụ Dị Mkpa Sodium Cyanide na Usoro Electroplating

Okwu Mmalite

Electroplating bụ usoro ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka itinye obere oyi akwa ígwè n'elu ihe e ji emepụta ihe site na iji ụzọ electrochemical. Usoro a abụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka ọdịdị mara mma nke ihe e ji emepụta ihe dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-eme ka iguzogide nchara ya, iguzogide iyi, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ya dịkwuo mma. Sodium cyanide , ihe mejupụtara ya nke na-emeghachi omume nke ukwuu ma na-egbu egbu, na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na ọtụtụ ngwa Electroplating . Isiokwu a na-akọwa ọrụ na mkpa Sodium cyanide dị na usoro electroplating.

Ọrụ Agent Mgbagwoju anya

Otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) na electroplating bụ ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị mgbagwoju anya. N'ime ịsa ahụ electroplating, a ga-ebuga ion ígwè sitere na ngwọta plating gaa n'elu ihe mkpuchi ahụ maka itinye ya. Agbanyeghị, ion ígwè efu dị na ngwọta nwere ike ibute ntinye ngwa ngwa na nke na-adịghị mma, na-ebute mkpuchi adịghị mma. Sodium cyanide na-emeghachi omume na ion ígwè, dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, ọlaedo, na ọlaọcha, iji mepụta ngwakọta ígwè kwụsiri ike - cyanide.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime bat ọla kọpa - electroplating, sodium cyanide na-ejikọta ya na ion ọla kọpa. Ihe mejupụtara ọla kọpa - cyanide na-adịgide adịgide karịa na ngwọta ma e jiri ya tụnyere ion ọla kọpa efu. Ihe mgbagwoju anya a na-enye ọtụtụ uru. Nke mbụ, ọ na-ebelata ọrụ nke ion ígwè dị na ngwọta ahụ, nke na-ebelata ọnụego nkwụnye. Ọkwa nkwụnye dị nwayọ dị oke mkpa iji nweta mkpuchi ígwè dị nro, otu, na nke na-arapara. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụego nkwụnye dị oke ọsọ, atọm ígwè enweghị oge zuru oke iji hazie onwe ha nke ọma n'elu ihe mejupụtara, na-eduga na mkpuchi siri ike na oghere.

Nke abuo, metal - cyanide complexes bụ ihe soluble na ngwọta plating. Nke a emelitere solubility ana achi achi na-aga n'ihu na-ebunye metal ion na cathode (mkpụrụ a na-plated) n'oge electroplating usoro. Na electroplating ọla edo, nguzobe nke ọla edo - cyanide complex na-enye ohere ka ọla edo dịrị na ngwọta ma debe ya nke ọma na mkpụrụ.

Na-edozi Cathode Polarization

Sodium cyanide na-emetụtakwa nke ọma na cathode polarization na electroplating. Cathode polarization na-ezo aka na mgbanwe nke ikike nke cathode n'oge usoro electroplating n'ihi mmeghachi omume electrochemical na-eme n'elu ya. Ọkwa dị mma nke cathode polarization dị mkpa maka ịnweta nkwụnye ego dị elu.

Mgbe sodium cyanide dị na bat electroplating, ọ na-abawanye polarization cathode. ion cyanide na-adaba n'elu cathode, na-emepụta ihe mgbochi nke na-egbochi mmegharị nke ion ígwè na-aga na cathode. Nke a na-abawanye ike karịrị a chọrọ maka mmeghachi omume nkwụnye ego nke igwe ga-eme. N'ihi ya, a na-edobe ion ígwè ndị ahụ nwayọọ nwayọọ na n'ụzọ na-achịkwa.

Na zinc - electroplating bat, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụnọ sodium cyanide dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mgbagwoju anya na mmetụta ya na-esote na cathode polarization na-eduga na nkwụnye ego zinc dị mma. Mmụba nke cathode polarization na-amanye ion zinc ka ọ na-edobe na nwayọ nwayọ, na-enye ha ohere ịhazi onwe ha n'usoro iwu karịa n'elu mkpụrụ, si otú a na-eme ka mma nke mkpuchi zinc dịkwuo mma.

Na-akwalite Mgbasa Anode

Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta ya na cathode, sodium cyanide na-ekerekwa òkè n'ịkwalite mgbasa nke anode na cell electroplating. The anode bụ isi iyi nke metal ion na electroplating usoro. Maka ọrụ electroplating na-aga n'ihu ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, anode ahụ ga-agbaze na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-aga n'ihu iji mejupụta ion ígwè ndị a na-eri na cathode.

Sodium cyanide na-enyere aka na usoro a site na ịmepụta metal soluble - cyanide complexes na anode elu. Na ọla kọpa - electroplating setup, ọla kọpa anode na-agbaze mgbe ọ na-emeghachi omume na sodium cyanide. Nhazi nke ọla kọpa - mgbagwoju cyanide na elu anode na-eme ka mgbasa nke ọla kọpa dị mfe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mmeghachi omume mgbagwoju anya na-ewepụ ions ọla kọpa site na anode ozugbo e guzobere ha, na-egbochi ịmepụta - elu nke oyi akwa na anode. Otu oyi akwa na-agafe agafe nwere ike igbochi mgbasa nke anode ma mebie usoro electroplating. Site n'ịkwalite mgbasa nke anode, sodium cyanide na-eme ka a na-enweta ion metal na-agbanwe agbanwe na bat electroplating, na-ejigide usoro ịgbasa ihe kwụsiri ike.

Ngwa na Usoro Electroplating dị iche iche

Gold na Silver Electrolating

A na-ejikarị sodium cyanide eme ihe na ọla edo na ọla ọcha. N'ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma, a na-emepụta ihe ndị a kpụrụ akpụ ọla edo site n'itinye obere ọla edo dị gịrịgịrị n'elu ọla dị ala dị ka ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha. Ojiji nke sodium cyanide na ọla edo - ịsa ahụ na-enye aka n'inweta mkpuchi ọla edo na-egbuke egbuke, dị nro na nke na-ejikọta ya. Ọlaedo - cyanide mgbagwoju nke e guzobere n'ihu sodium cyanide na-enye ohere maka njikwa ziri ezi na ntinye nke ọla edo, na-ahụ na oyi akwa ahụ nwere oke na àgwà achọrọ.

N'otu aka ahụ, na electroplating ọlaọcha, sodium cyanide na-emepụta ọlaọcha - cyanide complexes, nke dị oké mkpa maka ịnweta mkpuchi ọlaọcha dị elu. Ojiji nke sodium cyanide na usoro electroplating metal ndị a dị oké ọnụ ahịa bụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge n'ihi nsonaazụ dị mma ọ na-arụpụta n'ihe gbasara mma mkpuchi.

Ọla kọpa Electroplating

Na ọla kọpa electroplating, sodium cyanide na-eji na-emepụta ọla kọpa - cyanide complexes. Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa na ngwa ebe a na-achọ mkpuchi ọla kọpa dị nro ma dịgidere nke ukwuu, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị maka ịkwanye bọọdụ sekit e biri ebi. Ihe owuwu ọla kọpa - cyanide nke e guzobere na ọnụnọ sodium cyanide na-eme ka ntinye nke oyi akwa ọla kọpa edo edo, nke dị mkpa maka ịhụ na ikuku eletrik kwesịrị ekwesị na ntụkwasị obi nke mbadamba sekit.

Zinc Electroplating

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eme mgbalị iji mepụta usoro electroplating na-abụghị cyanide zinc, sodium cyanide ka na-eji na ụfọdụ zinc omenala - bath electroplating. Na zinc electroplating, sodium cyanide na-enyere aka na mgbagwoju anya ion zinc na-emepụta zinc-cyanide complexes. Ihe mgbagwoju anya a na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị na ntinye ntinye na ịdị mma nke mkpuchi zinc kamakwa ọ na-enye aka n'ịchịkwa ihe mejupụtara nke mkpuchi ahụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, na zinc - alloy electroplating (dị ka zinc - nickel ma ọ bụ zinc - ígwè alloys), ọnụnọ nke sodium cyanide nwere ike imetụta ruru nke dị iche iche ọla na alloy nkwụnye ego, nke n'aka na-emetụta ihe onwunwe nke ikpeazụ mkpuchi, dị ka corrosion iguzogide na ike siri ike.

Ihe gbasara gburugburu na nchekwa

Ọ bụ ezie na sodium cyanide dị irè nke ukwuu n'usoro electroplating, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na ọ bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Ọbụna obere sodium cyanide nwere ike igbu mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na a rie ya, kuo ya, ma ọ bụ mịnye ya n'akpụkpọ ahụ. Ya mere, a ga-etinye usoro nchekwa siri ike n'ebe a na-etinye electroplating nke na-eji sodium cyanide. Ndị ọrụ na-eji sodium cyanide eme ihe ga-enwerịrị ọzụzụ nke ọma ma nwee ngwa nchekwa onwe onye, ​​​​gụnyere uwe aka, anya mmiri, na ihe nchebe iku ume.

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a ghaghị ijikwa nlezianya na-ekpofu ihe mkpofu nwere sodium cyanide ma ọ bụ ihe mmeghachi omume ya iji gbochie mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Cyanide - nwere mmiri mkpofu sitere na usoro electroplating kwesịrị ka a gwọọ ya iji wepụ ma ọ bụ mebie cyanide tupu ahapụ ya. Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere kemịkalụ oxidation (iji ihe ndị na-eme ka oxidizing dị ka chlorine ma ọ bụ hydrogen peroxide) gbanwee cyanide ka ọ bụrụ ogige ndị na-egbu egbu.

mmechi

Sodium cyanide na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche ma dị oke mkpa na usoro electroplating. Dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya, ọ na-etolite metal kwụsiri ike - cyanide complexes nke na-eme ka solubility na ibufe ion metal dị na bath plating, na-eduga n'ịbawanye otu na mkpuchi ígwè. Ọ na-edozi polarization cathode ma na-akwalite mgbasa nke anode, nke abụọ dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ electroplating dị nro na nke ọma. N'agbanyeghị nsi ya, mgbe ejiri ya na nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị na nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi, sodium cyanide na-aga n'ihu na-abụ ihe dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ngwa electroplating, karịsịa na ntinye nke ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa na iji nweta ihe mkpuchi dị elu maka ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na ihe ịchọ mma. Otú ọ dị, nchọpụta na-aga n'ihu na-elekwasịkwa anya n'ịmepụta usoro electroplating ọzọ, nke na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo mma iji belata ịdabere na ngwongwo a na-egbu egbu.