Njira Zofunika Zachitetezo Mukamagwira Ntchito ndi Sodium Cyanide

I. Ndondomeko

Cyanide sodium, mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, imafuna kutsatira kwambiri malamulo achitetezo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza imatha kuvulaza kwambiri komanso kuyika miyoyo pachiwopsezo, kumvetsetsa njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito Sodium Cyanide ndikofunikira kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zodzitetezera ndi njira zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti mankhwalawa akuyendetsedwa bwino.

II. Kumvetsetsa Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chosapangidwa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi NaCN. Nthawi zambiri chimawoneka ngati ma granules oyera kapena ufa, womwe umakhala wosavuta kusungunuka. Chimakhala ndi fungo lochepa komanso lowawa la amondi. Chomerachi chimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndipo madzi ake amakhala ndi alkalinity yamphamvu. Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mankhwala, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo monga kupanga mankhwala, electroplating, metallurgy, ndi organic synthesis ya mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chimagwira ntchito ngati chomangira komanso chomangira, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wake waukulu , chimafuna kusamala kwambiri komanso njira zotetezera pogwira ntchito.

III. Kusamala Kwambiri Chitetezo

III.1 Zida Zodzitetezera Payekha (PPE)

Pogwira ntchito ndi sodium cyanide , kusankha bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zodzitetezera n'kofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha chigoba cha fumbi chapamwamba kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba chomwe chikukwaniritsa miyezo ya N95 kapena kupitirira apo m'maiko ngati United States, kapena FFP2 kapena kupitirira apo ku Europe. Chigoba ichi chimatha kusefa bwino tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi la Sodium cyanide , zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kupumira. Mukavala chigoba, onetsetsani kuti chikukwanira bwino pamphuno ndi pakamwa, popanda mipata kuti mupewe kutuluka kwa madzi.

Kachiwiri, pofuna kuteteza manja, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magolovesi ilipo kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Mukagwira ma cyanide olimba a sodium, magolovu okhuthala osagwira mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu monga mphira wa nitrile amakonda. Amapereka kukana kwabwino kwa abrasion ndipo amatha kuletsa kulowa kwa mankhwalawo. Pochita ndi sodium cyanide solutions, kuwonjezera pa kukana kwa mankhwala, magolovesi amafunika kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino yopanda madzi. Ndikoyenera kusankha magolovesi omwe amapangidwa kuti azigwira zamadzimadzi zowononga. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi, ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuti asawononge malo ena ndikutsuka bwino ndi madzi oyenda.

Pomaliza, magalasi opaka mankhwala amafunikira kuti ateteze maso. Magalasi awa ayenera kukhala ndi masomphenya ambiri komanso chisindikizo chabwino kuti asalowe m'maso kuti madzi a sodium cyanide asalowe m'maso. Ayeneranso kukhala osakhudzidwa ndi ngozi kuti apewe kuwonongeka kochitika mwangozi. Mukavala magalasi, sinthani zingwezo kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizokwanira komanso zotetezeka.

III.2 Kupewa Kukoka mpweya ndi Kukhudza Khungu

Popewa kupuma kwa sodium cyanide fumbi kapena mpweya, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa mpweya wabwino kuntchito. Ikani makina a mpweya wa mpweya pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito kuti muchotse mwamsanga tinthu tating'ono ta mpweya. Mukatsegula zotengera za sodium cyanide kapena kuchita maopaleshoni omwe angapangitse fumbi, monga kuyeza kapena kusamutsa, chitani izi pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa fumbi. Ogwira ntchito akuyeneranso kupewa kuyimilira pomwe akuyendetsa ntchitoyo kuti achepetse chiopsezo chokoka mpweya.

Kupewa kukhudzana ndi khungu ndikofunikira chimodzimodzi. Nthawi zonse muzivala zovala zantchito zazitali ndi mathalauza kuti muphimbe khungu momwe mungathere. Pewani kuvala chovala chokhala ndi mabowo kapena misozi yomwe ingawonetse khungu. Mukakhudza mwangozi ndi sodium cyanide, chotsani nthawi yomweyo zovala zomwe zawonongeka ndikutsuka bwino malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi oyenda kwa mphindi 15. Ngati pali mabala otseguka kapena zotupa pakhungu, kusamala kwambiri kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupewe kukhudzana, chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kulowa m'thupi mosavuta kudzera m'malo awa.

III.3 Chitetezo cha Maso

Kuphatikiza pa kuvala magalasi a splash, ndikofunikira kuti malo otsukira maso adziwike mosavuta kuntchito. Zikachitika kuti sodium cyanide yakhudza maso, yambani nthawi yomweyo m'maso ndi madzi ochuluka aukhondo, oyenda kwa mphindi 15. Osapaka m'maso, chifukwa izi zitha kuwononganso. Pendekerani mutu pang'ono m'mbali kuti madzi ayende pa diso lonse. Mukamaliza kuchapa, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga. Ngakhale ngati palibe zizindikiro zadzidzidzi, ndibwino kuti mupite kukayezetsa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kulikonse.

III.4 Kusamalira Kutaya

Ngati sodium cyanide itatayika, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso modekha. Choyamba, nthawi yomweyo tulukani m'deralo kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi ophunzitsidwa bwino okha atavala PPE yoyenera ayenera kupita pamalo otayira. Gwiritsani ntchito fosholo ya pulasitiki kapena yosakhala yopsereza kuti mutenge mosamala sodium cyanide yomwe yatayika ndikuyitumiza ku chidebe choyera, chosindikizidwa. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo zomwe zingagwirizane ndi mankhwala. Zipangizo zoyamwitsa monga vermiculite kapena mchenga wowuma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuviika timadzi tochepa totayikira, koma tikuyenera kutayidwa bwino pambuyo pake. Musalole kuti sodium cyanide yotayidwa ikhumane ndi madzi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa mankhwala. Kutayirako kukatha, funsani oyang'anira zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo kuti mupeze malangizo oyenerera.

III.5 Kugwirizana kwa Chemical

Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi zidulo ndi maziko ofooka nthawi zonse. Ikakhudzana ndi ma asidi, imatha kutulutsa mwachangu mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe umayika pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku moyo. Choncho, musasunge ma asidi kapena maziko ofooka m'dera lomwelo monga sodium cyanide. Mukamagwira sodium cyanide, onetsetsani kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zida zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zilibe acidic kapena zotsalira zoyambira. Ngati pali ngozi yokhudzana ndi ngozi, khalani ndi mpweya wabwino ndi zida zowunikira mpweya kuti muyankhe mwamsanga kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya uliwonse.

III.6 Zosungirako Zosungira

Malo osungiramo sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Sungani pamalo ozizira, owuma, ndi malo abwino mpweya wabwino. Kutentha koyenera kumakhala pakati pa 10 ° C ndi 25 ° C, chifukwa kutentha kwapamwamba kumatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Chinyezi chocheperako chiyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 60% kuteteza kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide upangidwe. Gwiritsani ntchito ziwiya zomata zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimamva sodium cyanide, monga polyethylene yolimba kwambiri kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Lembani zotengerazo momveka bwino ndi dzina, kuchuluka kwake, ndi machenjezo owopsa a mankhwalawo. Sungani zotengerazo pamashelefu kapena zoyika pa utali woyenerera kuti zisawonongeke mwangozi. Yang'anani nthawi zonse malo osungiramo ndi zotengera kuti muwone ngati zatha kapena kuwonongeka.

IV. Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi

IV.1 Njira Zothandizira Choyamba

Ngati mwangozi kupuma mpweya wa sodium cyanide fumbi kapena mpweya, nthawi yomweyo kusuntha wovulalayo ku malo mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino. Masulani zovala zothina pakhosi ndi pachifuwa kuti muthe kupuma. Ngati munthuyo akuvutika kupuma kapena wasiya kupuma, gwirani ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, pewani kupuma kuchokera pakamwa ndi pakamwa ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chigoba cha bag-valve kapena zida zina zoyenera zopumira ngati zilipo. Itanani azithandizo zadzidzidzi ndipo pitilizani kupuma mopanga mpaka thandizo litafika.

Ngati sodium cyanide ikhudza khungu, chotsani msanga zovala zilizonse zomwe zakhudzidwa. Sambani bwino malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi ambiri oyenda kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo wofatsa ngati kuli kofunikira, koma pewani kuchapa mwamphamvu chifukwa zingawononge khungu. Mukatsuka, phimbani ndi nsalu yoyera, youma ndipo funsani kuchipatala mwamsanga.

Mukayang'ana m'maso, tsukani m'maso nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ochuluka aukhondo kwa mphindi 15. Pendekerani mutu kumbali kuti madziwo afike mbali zonse za diso. Osapaka m'maso chifukwa zitha kuwononganso. Mukatsuka, sungani maso otseka ndikupempha thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati sodium cyanide ilowetsedwa mwangozi, musapangitse kusanza pokhapokha mutalangizidwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala. Imwani madzi ambiri kapena mkaka nthawi yomweyo kuti muchepetse mankhwala omwe ali m'mimba. Itanani chithandizo chamankhwala chadzidzidzi ndikuwapatsa zambiri momwe angathere ponena za kuyamwa, monga kuchuluka ndi nthawi yomwe amamwa.

IV.2 Zowopsa za Moto ndi Kuphulika

Ngakhale kuti sodium cyanide yokha siingayaka, imatha kutulutsa mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide ikatenthedwa mpaka kuwola. Pakabuka moto wokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide, ozimitsa moto ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo zida zopumira zokha (SCBA), zovala zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, magolovesi, ndi nsapato. Gwiritsani ntchito ufa wouma wa mankhwala, Carbon dioxide, kapena zinthu zina zoyenera zozimitsira moto kuti muchepetse moto. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi chifukwa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi sodium cyanide ndikutulutsa mpweya woopsa kwambiri. Tulutsani malo ozungulira patali ndipo muletse aliyense kulowa mu utsi kapena mpweya. Moto ukatha, gwiritsani ntchito sodium cyanide yotsalayo ndi zinthu zilizonse zodetsedwa mosamala kwambiri kuti mupewe kuipitsa kwina.

V. Maphunziro ndi Chidziwitso

Kuphunzitsidwa koyenera kwa ogwira ntchito pa sodium cyanide sikungakambirane. Ogwira ntchito onse ayenera kulandira maphunziro athunthu omwe akuphatikizapo chidziwitso chakuya cha mankhwala, zoopsa zomwe zingatheke, ndi njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito. Maphunzirowa asangokhudza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zochitika zadzidzidzi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi zofananira ndizofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito athe kuyankha mwachangu komanso moyenera pakachitika ngozi. Zochita izi ziyenera kutsanzira zochitika zenizeni monga kutayikira, kutayikira, kapena kuwonekera mwangozi. Pochita nawo zochitikazi, ogwira ntchito amadziŵa bwino ndondomeko zoyendetsera ngozi, kuphatikizapo momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zida zotetezera, kuchoka m'deralo, ndi kupereka chithandizo choyamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro osalekeza ndi maphunziro otsitsimutsa ndikofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito azidziwitsidwa za malamulo aposachedwa achitetezo ndi machitidwe abwino. Pamene kafukufuku watsopano kapena zochitika zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka sodium cyanide zikuwonekera, ndikofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito azidziwitsidwa ndikusintha njira zawo molingana ndi zomwe azichita. Kuphunzira kosalekeza kumeneku kumathandiza kukhalabe ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba cha chitetezo ndi luso kuntchito.

VI. Mapeto

Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumafuna kusamala kwambiri komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa ndondomeko zachitetezo. Zotsatira za kusagwira bwino ntchito yapoizoniyi ndizovuta, osati kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa mwachindunji komanso malo ozungulira. Pomvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zotetezera, tikhoza kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide handling. Kuphunzitsa mosalekeza ndi kuzindikira ndikofunikira kuti onse ogwira ntchito azikhala odziwa zambiri zachitetezo chaposachedwa. Kumbukirani kuti chitetezo ndi udindo wogawana, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chingachitike masiku ano chingapewe ngozi yomwe ingachitike mawa.