Mfundo Zofunikira za Gold Cyanidation Leaching

Kuchotsa golide m'matanthwe, njira yofunika kwambiri yochotsera golide m'matanthwe, kwakhala maziko a kuchotsedwa kwa golide kwa zaka zoposa zana kuyambira pamene idagulitsidwa m'ma 1890. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za njira zazikulu zopangira mankhwala ndi zakuthupi zomwe zimathandizira kuchotsa golide m'matanthwe, zomwe zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino njira yofunika kwambiri iyi mumakampani opanga migodi ya golide.

Zotsatira za Chemical: Mtima wa Cyanidation

Njira yopangira cyanidation imadalira momwe golide amagwirira ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali ma cyanide ions (CN⁻) ndi oxidant, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala mpweya wochokera mumlengalenga. Njira yoyambira ya mankhwala ingathe kufotokozedwa motere: Ma mole anayi a golide (Au), omwe amachita ndi ma mole asanu ndi atatu a Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), mole imodzi ya mpweya (O₂) kuchokera mumlengalenga, ndi ma mole awiri a madzi (H₂O), amapanga ma mole anayi a sodium dicyanoaurate(I) (Na[Au(CN)₂]) ndi ma mole anayi a sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Mu njira imeneyi, maatomu a golide amasungunuka kukhala oxidized ku +1 oxidation state ndikupanga stable dicyanoaurate(I) complexes \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). Ma ioni a Cyanide amagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira, kukhazikika kwa ma ioni a golide mu yankho, pomwe mpweya umagwira ntchito ngati cholandirira ma elekitironi, ndikuyendetsa oxidation ya golide. Njira iyi ya redox - complexation imalola kusungunuka kwa golide kuchokera ku miyala yake, ngakhale pamlingo wochepa wa cyanide (0.01 - 0.1%).

Njira Zathupi: Kusamutsa Misa ndi Leaching Kinetics

Kupatula zochita za mankhwala, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa golide kumayang'aniridwa ndi njira zakuthupi monga kusamutsa ndi kufalikira kwa misa. Kuchuluka kwa leaching kumakhudzidwa ndi kufalikira kwa reactants (cyanide ndi oxygen) kupita pamwamba pa golide ndi kufalikira kwa ma dicyanoaurate complexes opangidwa kutali ndi pamwamba. Malinga ndi chitsanzo cha shrinking - core, leaching ya golide imachitika m'magawo atatu otsatizana:

1. Kusamutsa kwa misa yakunja : Cyanide ndi mpweya zimafalikira kudzera mu gawo lozungulira tinthu tagolide.

2. Kuchitapo kanthu pamwamba : Kusungunuka ndi kupangika kwa okosijeni kumachitika pamalo olumikizirana a gold-solution.

3. Kufalikira kwa mkati : Ma complexes a golide ndi cyanide opangidwa amatuluka mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Njira yocheperako kwambiri mwa izi imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa leaching, nthawi zambiri kukhala kusamutsa kwa misa yakunja kapena momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba, kutengera momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito.

Zomwe Zimathandizira pa Kuchita Bwino kwa Cyanidation

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya golide cyanidation:

• Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide : Cyanide yokwanira imafunika kuti pakhale zinthu zokhazikika, koma kuchuluka kwambiri kungayambitse kukwera kwa ndalama komanso nkhawa zachilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwabwino kumasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe a miyala.

• Kupezeka kwa Oksijeni : Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchitika kwa okosijeni. Njira zopumira mpweya, monga kusuntha kwa makina kapena kutseka mpweya, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo kusamutsa mpweya.

• Kuwongolera pH : Njirayi nthawi zambiri imachitika pa pH yokwera (9 - 11) kuti ichepetse kupangika kwa mpweya woopsa wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Laimu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga pH yomwe mukufuna.

• Mineralogy ya Maminerali : Kupezeka kwa ma sulfide, zinthu za kaboni , ndi mchere wina kungasokoneze kupangika kwa cyanidation. Mwachitsanzo, ma sulfide amatha kudya cyanide ndi mpweya, pomwe zinthu za kaboni zimatha kuyamwa ma complexes a golide ndi cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zikhale zonyansa."

Njira Zowonjezerera Kuchita kwa Cyanidation

Kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa golide, njira zingapo zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Chithandizo chisanachitike : Kuwotcha, kuponderezedwa kwa mphamvu, kapena kuponderezedwa kwa bio kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa miyala yolimba kuti muchotse mchere wosokoneza ndikuwulula pamwamba pa golide.

• Zowonjezera : Mankhwala monga thiourea kapena ammonia akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kapena kuletsa zotsatira zoyipa.

• Kapangidwe ka Zipangizo Koyenera : Ma reactor apamwamba otulutsa madzi okhala ndi mphamvu zosakaniza bwino komanso kusamutsa zinthu zambiri, monga ma reactor otenthedwa ndi madzi kapena makina otulutsira madzi, amatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito onse.

Pomaliza, golide cyanidation leaching ndi njira yovuta koma yothandiza kwambiri yomwe imaphatikizira machitidwe amankhwala, kusamutsidwa kwa thupi, ndikuwongolera mosamala magawo angapo ogwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse bwino njira zochotsera golide, kuwonetsetsa kuti chuma chikuyenda bwino, ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe pamakampani amigodi ya golide. Pamene kufunikira kwa golide kukupitirirabe, kafukufuku wopitilira amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zogwirira ntchito bwino, zokhazikika, komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe.