NACN-Sodium Cyanide Applications in Metallurgy and Chemical Viwanda

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale azitsulo ndi mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni kwambiri, mankhwala ake apadera amachititsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito zosiyanasiyana za Sodium cyanide m'magawo awiri ofunikira a mafakitale awa.

Makhalidwe a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi cholimba choyera cha crystalline chokhala ndi fungo losamveka, lowawa la amondi. Ili ndi kulemera kwa molar pafupifupi 49.01 g/mol. Ndiwosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, pafupifupi 46 magalamu amasungunuka mu 100 milliliters amadzi kutentha kwapakati. Pulogalamuyi imakhala ndi Na⁺ cation ndi CN⁻ anion. Ili ndi malo osungunuka pafupifupi 564 ° C ndi malo otentha pafupifupi 1496 ° C. Izi zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala ndizofunikira pakumvetsetsa momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Ntchito mu Metallurgy

Kutulutsa Golide ndi Siliva

Chimodzi mwazodziwika bwino ntchito za Sodium Cyanide mu zitsulo ndi m'zigawo za golidi ndi siliva ores awo. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti Cyanidation, zimachokera ku mphamvu ya cyanide ions kupanga zovuta zokhazikika ndi golide ndi siliva. Pamaso pa oxygen ndi madzi, sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi golide mu ore motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Golide - cyanide complex [Au(CN)₂]⁻ amasungunuka m'madzi, kulola kuti golide asiyanitsidwe ndi matrix ore. Njirayi imakonzedwanso kuti ipeze golide weniweni. Momwemonso, siliva imatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira. Cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani amigodi chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino pakubwezeretsanso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Komabe, chitetezo chokhazikika ndi ndondomeko zachilengedwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa panthawiyi kuti tipewe kutulutsa poizoni wa cyanide.

Zitsulo Plating

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzochita za electroplating. Mu electroplating, chitsulo chochepa kwambiri chachitsulo chimayikidwa pamwamba pa chinthu china. Masamba osambira a cyanide - electroplating amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyala zitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki. Ma cyanide ions mu bafa amagwira ntchito zingapo. Amathandizira kusungunuka kwa chitsulo cha anode, kuonetsetsa kuti ma ion zitsulo akhazikika. Cyanide imagwiranso ntchito ngati chothandizira, chomwe chimatha kupititsa patsogolo kusanjikiza kwachitsulo choyikidwa. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa njere ya gawolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosalala komanso zofananira. Mwachitsanzo, mu plating siliva, sodium cyanide mu plating kusamba kumathandiza kukwaniritsa chowala, chomatira siliva zokutira pa gawo lapansi.

Mlandu Woumitsa Chitsulo

Pankhani yowumitsa chitsulo, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kuuma kwa zinthu zachitsulo. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutentha chitsulo pamaso pa cyanide - yomwe ili ndi pawiri. Cyanide amawola pa kutentha kwambiri, kutulutsa maatomu a carbon ndi nitrogen. Ma atomu amenewa amafalikira pamwamba pa chitsulocho, n’kupanga zinthu zolimba monga iron carbides ndi nitrides. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chikhale cholimba chakunja, pamene pachimake chimakhala chofewa komanso ductile. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ngati kuumitsa kumatha kukulitsa kukana komanso kutopa kwa zida zachitsulo, kuzipanga kukhala zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga magiya, shafts, ndi mayendedwe.

Mapulogalamu mu Chemical Viwanda

Kaphatikizidwe ka Organic Compounds

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri poyambira pakupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, mapulasitiki, utoto, ndi mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, m’makampani opanga mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala monga penicillin, vitamini B₆, ndi kupatsidwa folic acid. Mu synthesis ya penicillin, sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe a β-lactam mphete ya maantibayotiki.

Popanga mapulasitiki, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ma monomers. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga acrylonitrile, yomwe ndi monomer yopanga polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polima wamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa ndi mapulasitiki. Zochita za sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala ena zingayambitsenso mapangidwe apakati osiyanasiyana a organic omwe amakonzedwanso kuti apeze mapeto omwe akufuna.

Kupanga kwa Inorganic Cyanides

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyambira kupanga zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri cyanides. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Potaziyamu cyanide (KCN), zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), ndi copper cyanide (CuCN). Izi inorganic Cyanides ali ndi ntchito zawo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Potaziyamu cyanide ntchito electroplating, makamaka plating golide ndi siliva. Zinc cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinc - plating process, ndipo copper cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu electroplating yamkuwa komanso kupanga ma alloys ena amkuwa. Kupanga kwa ma cyanides amenewa nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu kwa sodium cyanide ndi mchere woyenerera wachitsulo kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chemical Analysis

Pofufuza mankhwala, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu njira zina zowunikira. Mwachitsanzo, pakutsimikiza kwa ayoni ena achitsulo mu yankho, cyanide angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira. Powonjezera sodium cyanide ku yankho lomwe lili ndi ayoni zitsulo, zitsulo zenizeni - cyanide complexes zitha kupangidwa. Maofesiwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe, monga mtundu kapena kusungunuka, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kapena kuwerengera ayoni zitsulo. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pofufuza mankhwala kumayendetsedwa bwino, ndipo njira zina, zopanda poizoni nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa ngati zilipo.

Zilingaliro Za Chitetezo

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kukumana ndi sodium cyanide, kaya pokoka mpweya, kumeza, kapena kukhudza khungu, kumatha kupha. Zimagwira ntchito posokoneza kupuma kwa ma cell, kuteteza maselo kuti asagwiritse ntchito mpweya wabwino. Pogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide m'mafakitale, njira zotetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Ogwira ntchito ya sodium cyanide ayenera kuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, kuphatikiza magolovesi, magalasi, ndi chitetezo cha kupuma. Malo osungiramo sodium cyanide ayenera kupangidwa kuti ateteze kutayikira ndi kutayikira, ndipo mapulani oyankha mwadzidzidzi ayenera kukhalapo ngati atatulutsidwa mwangozi. Chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndichonso chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri, chifukwa kutulutsidwa kulikonse kwa sodium cyanide m'chilengedwe kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa pa zinyama ndi madzi.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide, ngakhale kuti ili ndi poizoni, imakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira m'mafakitale azitsulo ndi mankhwala. Muzitsulo, ndizofunikira pakuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kuyika zitsulo, ndi kuuma kwazitsulo. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, imakhala ngati chinthu chofunikira poyambira pakupanga zinthu zambiri zama organic ndi inorganic ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamankhwala. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide nthawi zonse kuyenera kutsagana ndi chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe kuti muchepetse kuopsa kokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Pamene luso lamakono likupita patsogolo, khama likupangidwa mosalekeza kuti apange njira zina zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zolinga za mafakitale zomwezo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa oterowo, koma pakali pano, sodium cyanide imakhalabe gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri.