Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zaukadaulo Zaukadaulo wa Sodium Cyanide mu M'zigawo za Gold Ore

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), monga chothandizira chachikulu pakuchotsa golide, yakhala ikulamulira makampani opanga golide padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha khalidwe lake losungunula golide bwino. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zofunikira zotetezera chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, njira yachikhalidwe yochotsera golide ikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri pankhani ya mtengo, chitetezo, komanso kukhazikika. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mozama momwe Sodium Cyanide imagwiritsidwira ntchito mu Gold Ore Extraction ndikufufuza zatsopano zaukadaulo zomwe zakhala zikuyendetsa kusintha kwa makampani m'zaka zaposachedwa.

I. Mfundo Zazikulu ndi Momwe Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Pakalipano pa Njira Ya Cyanidation

1. Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Sodium cyanide amasungunula golide potsatira zotsatirazi:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Izi zimachitika m'malo amchere (pH 10-11), ndipo mpweya wopitilira umafunika kuti golide akhalebe ndi okosijeni. Ngakhale kuti golide wobwezeretsanso njira ya cyanidation ndi yoposa 90%, kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe kwachititsa kuti makampaniwa afunefune kusintha.

2. Malangizo a Kukonzekera Kwamakono

• Njira Yochepetsera Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide : Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide kuchokera pa 0.1% mpaka 0.01% -0.03%, zomwe zingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents komanso chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi;

• Kupititsa patsogolo Kugwira Ntchito kwa Kutulutsa Magazi : Kukonza kale miyala pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ultrasound kapena microwave, kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zoyambitsa (monga mchere wa lead) kuti mufulumizitse kuchitapo kanthu;

• Njira Yozungulira Yotsekedwa : Kupeza mlingo wobwezeretsanso wa 95% wa cyanide solution ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa.

II. Zovuta Zatekinoloje Zomwe Zimakumana ndi Njira Ya Cyanidation

1. Kuvuta kwa Ores

• Ma Ore Osaya : Ma Ore a sulfide okhala ndi arsenic ndi sulfure amafunika kuwonjezeredwa (monga kuwotcha kapena kuponderezedwa), zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo;

• Kusokoneza Zodetsa : Ma ayoni achitsulo monga mkuwa ndi chitsulo amadya cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mlingo wa ma reagents uwonjezereke ndi 30%-50%.

2. Mavuto a Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

• Kuopsa kwa Kutaya kwa Cyanide : Pa avareji, padziko lonse lapansi pamachitika ngozi zokwana 20 za kutayikira kwa cyanide zomwe zimawopseza magwero a madzi ndi chilengedwe;

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zambiri Pakuchiza Asanagwiritse Ntchito Mphamvu : Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa njira zachikhalidwe zophikira mafuta kumawononga ndalama zoposa 40% ya ndalama zonse.

III. Zaukadaulo Zaukadaulo: Kuchokera ku Zachikhalidwe kupita ku Njira Zobiriwira

1. Zotsogola zaukadaulo wa Cyanide-free Leaching Technologies

• Njira Yochotsera Thiourea : Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya acidic thiourea (pH 1.5-2.5) kuti musungunule golide, pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Ubwino: Non poizoni, oyenera otsika oxidized ores otsika;

Zolepheretsa: Ma acidic amatha kuwononga zida, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 15% -20% kuposa wa njira ya cyanidation.

• Njira Yochotsera Bromination : Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya sodium bromide/potassium bromate, yokhala ndi golide wobwezeretsa mpaka 92%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa leaching kumakhala kofulumira katatu kuposa njira ya cyanidation.

2. Biological Leaching ndi Nanotechnology

• Kuchiza kwa Microbial Pretreatment : Kugwiritsa ntchito Thiobacillus ferrooxidans kuti iwononge miyala ya sulfide, kutulutsa golide kuchokera ku mineral encapsulation ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito pre-oxidation ndi 30%;

• Kulowetsedwa ndi Zinthu Zina : Graphene oxide imatha kulowetsedwa mu Au(CN)₂⁻, yokhala ndi mphamvu yolowetsedwa yofika 500 mg/g, yomwe ndi yayikulu katatu kuposa ya Carbon yogwira ntchito.

3. Zosintha Zamakono ndi Zanzeru

• Kuneneratu za Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ochokera mu Madzi Ochokera mu Madzi Ochokera mu AI : Kukonza kuchuluka kwa madzi ochokera mu madzi ochokera mu madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira makina, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa cyanide ndi 10%-15%;

• Kutsata deta kudzera mu Blockchain : Kulemba deta yonse ya cyanide kuti muwonetsetse bwino momwe zinthu zilili.

IV. Milandu Yodziwika Ndi Zochita Zamakampani

1. Newmont Corporation ku Canada

• Zatsopano : Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa " Biological Leaching + membrane leating" pochiza miyala yolimba yosasunthika;

• Zomwe zachitika : Kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide ndi 60% ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide wobwezeretsedwa kufika pa 94%.

2. Zijin Mining Group ku China

• Ukadaulo : Kupanga paokha "chothandizira kutsitsa golide chotsika komanso chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri", kuchepetsa mlingo wa cyanide ndi 40%;

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito : Kutsatsa mu mgodi wina wagolide ku Guizhou, kupulumutsa ndalama zoposa mayuan 20 miliyoni pachaka.

V. Zochitika Zam'tsogolo ndi Zoyembekeza

1. Kulamulira kwa Njira Zobiriwira : Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, ukadaulo wopanda cyanide udzakhala ndi gawo la 30% pamsika;

2. Migodi Yanzeru : AI ndi intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) zidzathandiza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya ndondomeko yonse, kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha ngozi ndi 80%;

3. Chitsanzo cha Zachuma Chozungulira : Kukweza kuchuluka kwa cyanide yobwezeretsa kuchokera pa 60% mpaka 90%, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina (monga ammonium sulfate) pobwezeretsanso zinthu.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide kukusintha kuchoka pa njira ya "kuipitsa kwambiri" kupita ku njira ya "ukadaulo wapamwamba". Ngakhale njira ya cyanidation idzakhalabe yopambana pakapita nthawi yochepa, kupita patsogolo kwa kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide, uinjiniya wa zamoyo, ndi ukadaulo wa digito kukuwonetsa kuti migodi ya golide idzalowa mu nthawi yatsopano yomwe ndi yotetezeka, yogwira ntchito bwino, komanso yokhazikika. M'tsogolomu, mphamvu yogwirizana ya luso laukadaulo ndi malangizo a mfundo zidzasintha mawonekedwe amakampani, kukwaniritsa mkhalidwe wopambana pakati pa phindu lazachuma ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe.