Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide M'makampani a Metallurgical ndi Kugawana Zomwe Mukukumana nazo

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), monga chothandizira chogwira ntchito bwino komanso leaching, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri Makampani azitsulo. Kapangidwe kake kapadera kamankhwala kamathandiza kupanga ma complexes okhazikika okhala ndi ayoni osiyanasiyana achitsulo, motero amakwaniritsa kutulutsa, kulekanitsa, ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo. Nkhaniyi isanthula zofunikira za Sodium Cyanide m'munda wazitsulo ndi kufotokoza mwachidule mfundo zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zenizeni.

I. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kore kwa Sodium Cyanide M'makampani a Metallurgical

1.Gold m'zigawo (Cyanidation Njira kwa Gold m'zigawo)

• Mfundo: Sodium cyanide imachita ndi golide pamaso pa okosijeni kupanga zosungunuka zagolide za cyanide (monga [Au(CN)₂]⁻). Golideyo amapezedwanso kudzera mu activated carbon adsorption kapena zinc displacement.

• ubwino: Ili ndi kusinthika kwamphamvu kwa ores otsika golide ndi ore ovuta, ndipo kuchuluka kwa leaching kumatha kufika kupitirira 90%.

• Case: Mgodi wa golide udachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa golide kufika pa 92% pokulitsa kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide (0.05% -0.1%) ndi nthawi yopuma (maola 24-48).

2.Electroplating ndi Metal Surface Treatment

• cholinga: Monga chowonjezera mu Pachikuz njira, izo ntchito electroplating zitsulo monga mkuwa, nthaka, ndi siliva, amene akhoza kusintha yunifolomu ndi adhesion wa ❖ kuyanika.

• CHENJEZO: Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumafunika kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuti pasakhale zotsalira zambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuipitsa chilengedwe.

3.Kupatukana kwa Zitsulo ndi Kuyeretsedwa

• Ma Scenarios ofunsira: Sankhani zitsulo zomwe mukufuna (monga faifi tambala ndi cobalt) kuchokera ku miyala ya polymetallic, kapena chotsani ma ion odetsedwa (monga chitsulo ndi lead).

• Mfundo Zaukadaulo: Fikirani kuphatikizika kwazitsulo zosiyanasiyana posintha mtengo wa pH ndi mlingo wa Sodium cyanide.

II. Kudziwa Kwambiri ndi Kukhathamiritsa Kwaukadaulo Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

1.Control of Concentration and Dosage

• Epirical Rule: Pa nthawi yotulutsa golide, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.03% -0.1%, ndipo kumafunika kusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe zitsulo zimapangidwira (monga carbon content ndi sulfide content).

• Case: Mgodi wina unapeza kuti kumwa kwa sodium cyanide kunakwera modabwitsa. Pambuyo pofufuza, anapeza kuti sulfure yomwe ili mu miyalayi inaposa muyezo. Vutoli linathetsedwa mutagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangiratu (kuwotcha kapena okosijeni).

2.Kukhathamiritsa kwa Leaching Conditions

• PH Mtengo: Kusunga malo amchere (pH 10-11) kumatha kulepheretsa kutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide ndikuwongolera Leaching Mwachangu nthawi yomweyo.

• kutentha: Kutentha koyenera (30-40 ° C) kumatha kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mtengo wake ziyenera kukhala zoyenera.

3.Kuteteza Kwachilengedwe ndi Kasamalidwe ka Chitetezo

• Chithandizo Chinyalala: Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya alkaline chlorination (sodium hypochlorite + sodium hydroxide) kuti muwononge cyanide kuti mutsimikize kuti kutuluka kumagwirizana ndi muyezo (CN⁻ concentration ndi yosakwana 0.5 mg / L).

• Chitetezo: Khalani ndi chingwe chopangira chotsekedwa mokwanira, makina owunikira okha, ndi chipangizo chowaza mwadzidzidzi. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zovala zoteteza mankhwala ndi masks a gasi.

III. Mavuto Wamba ndi Mayankho

1.Kuopsa kwa Poizoni wa Cyanide

• Njira Zowononga: Yang'anani nthawi zonse kulimba kwa zida ndikupewa kukhudzana ndi yankho la cyanide ndi zinthu za acidic (kupewa kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni wa HCN).

• Chithandizo Chadzidzidzi: Nthawi yomweyo tsukani malo okhudzana ndi khungu ndi madzi ambiri aukhondo. Akalowetsedwa mwangozi, wovulalayo amayenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu ndikubayidwa ndi sodium thiosulfate kuti amuchotse.

2.Kuchepa kwa Leaching Mwachangu

• Zifukwa Zomwe Zingatheke: Kusakwanira kwa oxidation digiri ya ore, kuwonongeka kwa sodium cyanide (chifukwa cha kuwala kapena kutentha kwambiri), ndi kusokoneza ma ion odetsedwa (monga lead ndi mkuwa).

• Solutions: Onjezani oxidant (monga hydrogen peroxide) kuti mulimbikitse oxidation wa ore, kapena kuchotsa zonyansazo pokonzekeratu.

IV. Future Trends ndi Alternative Technologies

• Cyanide-Free Leaching Technologies: Njira zobiriwira monga njira ya thiourea ndi njira ya bioleaching ikuyamba pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingachepetse kuopsa kwa chilengedwe.

• Wanzeru Control: Kuwunika kwenikweni kwa magawo monga kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide ndi pH mtengo kudzera mu ma aligorivimu a AI kuti mukwaniritse kuwongolera bwino.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pamakampani opanga zitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kumadalira kapangidwe kazinthu zasayansi, kasamalidwe kokhazikika kachitetezo, komanso luso laukadaulo lopitilirabe. Ndi kukhathamiritsa magawo ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa Chitetezo cha chitetezo miyeso, mtengo wake ukhoza kuchulukitsidwa ndi kuopsa kocheperako, kulimbikitsa makampani kuti akhale ndi njira yobiriwira komanso yokhazikika.